Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606840
Yujia Huo, T. Monma, Chie Kataoka, F. Takeda
This study aimed to identify dietary knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to obesity and highly underweight among urban Chinese high school students.Using the data of 403 high school students from a cross-sectional survey in 2022, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted with the body mass index as the objective variable (reference: normal weight), dietary knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as the explanatory variables, adjusted for sex.Both obesity and highly underweight were most strongly related to incorrect dietary knowledge of desirable types of diets. Additionally, obesity was related to inappropriate dietary attitudes regarding the importance of diet, eating at irregular meal-times, and eating without chewing well, while highly underweight was related to picky eating and not having three meals per day, but not related to attitudes.The incorrect knowledge of desirable type of diet was related to both obesity and highly underweight, while other risk factors of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to obesity or highly underweight differed respectively. These findings should be useful in examining effective nutrition education for urban Chinese high school students.
{"title":"Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Obesity and Highly Underweight Among Urban Chinese High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Yujia Huo, T. Monma, Chie Kataoka, F. Takeda","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606840","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify dietary knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to obesity and highly underweight among urban Chinese high school students.Using the data of 403 high school students from a cross-sectional survey in 2022, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted with the body mass index as the objective variable (reference: normal weight), dietary knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as the explanatory variables, adjusted for sex.Both obesity and highly underweight were most strongly related to incorrect dietary knowledge of desirable types of diets. Additionally, obesity was related to inappropriate dietary attitudes regarding the importance of diet, eating at irregular meal-times, and eating without chewing well, while highly underweight was related to picky eating and not having three meals per day, but not related to attitudes.The incorrect knowledge of desirable type of diet was related to both obesity and highly underweight, while other risk factors of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to obesity or highly underweight differed respectively. These findings should be useful in examining effective nutrition education for urban Chinese high school students.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"29 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer mortality in Armenia. The government is considering covering breast cancer screening, but prevailing attitudes towards it are unknown. This cross-sectional study assessed Armenian women’s awareness and perceptions of breast cancer screening.We administered a validated telephone survey to women ages 35–65 registered in Yerevan’s polyclinic system between 2019–2021, assessing sociodemographic characteristics, breast cancer exposure and screening attitudes, using an adapted Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). We analyzed the association, unadjusted and adjusted, between sociodemographic characteristics, screening exposure, and CHBMS scores.170 women completed surveys. Most (82.9%) were aware of screening, 48.5% knew someone with breast cancer, but only 42.5% had undergone screening, predominantly without their physician’s recommendation (63.2%). Despite elevated awareness, 76.2% had never discussed screening with their provider. Barriers included cost and mistreatment concerns. Education consistently predicted prior screening and most CHBMS scores.Armenian women are highly exposed to breast cancer, but knowledge and prior screening primarily emanate from non-physician sources. Results highlighted the influence of education, patient-provider relationships, and healthcare costs, underscoring the importance of multi-level interventions.
{"title":"Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening Perceptions of Women in Yerevan, Armenia","authors":"Haley Tupper, Razmik Ghukasyan, Armine Bayburtyan, Marine Hovhannisyan, Shant Shekherdimian","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607029","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer mortality in Armenia. The government is considering covering breast cancer screening, but prevailing attitudes towards it are unknown. This cross-sectional study assessed Armenian women’s awareness and perceptions of breast cancer screening.We administered a validated telephone survey to women ages 35–65 registered in Yerevan’s polyclinic system between 2019–2021, assessing sociodemographic characteristics, breast cancer exposure and screening attitudes, using an adapted Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). We analyzed the association, unadjusted and adjusted, between sociodemographic characteristics, screening exposure, and CHBMS scores.170 women completed surveys. Most (82.9%) were aware of screening, 48.5% knew someone with breast cancer, but only 42.5% had undergone screening, predominantly without their physician’s recommendation (63.2%). Despite elevated awareness, 76.2% had never discussed screening with their provider. Barriers included cost and mistreatment concerns. Education consistently predicted prior screening and most CHBMS scores.Armenian women are highly exposed to breast cancer, but knowledge and prior screening primarily emanate from non-physician sources. Results highlighted the influence of education, patient-provider relationships, and healthcare costs, underscoring the importance of multi-level interventions.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607043
Isabelle Posey, C. Nsiah-Asamoah, Nicholas Fergusson Russell, Esther Darkwa Entwi, Harriet Okronipa
Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) remains a major public health problem globally. However, there is limited information about adolescents’ experiences. The current study explored FI experiences of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Cape Coast, Ghana using a Photovoice method.Methods: This study recruited 34 pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers from communities in Cape Coast, Ghana. Each participated in a training session then was provided prompts to take photos that portrayed food access barriers, facilitators and coping strategies. In a debrief session, each participant selected two pictures they took and explained the image, followed by a group discussion of the selected photos. Debrief sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to develop themes using a theory-driven approach.Results: Most participants reported several or many experiences with FI (64.7%) in the previous month. Participants discussed money, unwanted pregnancy, and unstable work as barriers to obtaining food and working, selling goods, and family support as facilitators to obtaining food. Coping strategies mentioned include providing services to others, borrowing food and goods, meal stretching, pawning personal items and trading.Conclusion: The FI experience of this population is complex; interventions, including trade training or school retention, should be multifaceted.
目的：粮食不安全（FI）仍然是全球主要的公共卫生问题。然而，有关青少年经历的信息却很有限。本研究采用 "摄影荐言"（Photovoice）方法，探讨了加纳海岸角怀孕少女和未成年母亲的粮食不安全经历：本研究从加纳海岸角的社区招募了 34 名怀孕少女和未成年母亲。每个人都参加了培训课程，然后根据提示拍摄照片，描绘获得食物的障碍、促进因素和应对策略。在汇报环节中，每位参与者选择两张自己拍摄的照片并对图片进行解释，然后就所选照片进行小组讨论。对汇报环节进行了录音和逐字记录，以便采用理论驱动法确定主题：大多数参与者（64.7%）表示在上个月有过几次或多次与 FI 有关的经历。参与者认为金钱、意外怀孕和工作不稳定是获得食物的障碍，而工作、出售商品和家庭支持则是获得食物的促进因素。他们提到的应对策略包括为他人提供服务、借用食物和物品、拉长用餐时间、典当个人物品和进行交易：这一人群的家庭收入情况非常复杂；干预措施，包括贸易培训或学校保留，应该是多方面的。
{"title":"Experiences of Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in Ghana: A Photovoice Method","authors":"Isabelle Posey, C. Nsiah-Asamoah, Nicholas Fergusson Russell, Esther Darkwa Entwi, Harriet Okronipa","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607043","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) remains a major public health problem globally. However, there is limited information about adolescents’ experiences. The current study explored FI experiences of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Cape Coast, Ghana using a Photovoice method.Methods: This study recruited 34 pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers from communities in Cape Coast, Ghana. Each participated in a training session then was provided prompts to take photos that portrayed food access barriers, facilitators and coping strategies. In a debrief session, each participant selected two pictures they took and explained the image, followed by a group discussion of the selected photos. Debrief sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim to develop themes using a theory-driven approach.Results: Most participants reported several or many experiences with FI (64.7%) in the previous month. Participants discussed money, unwanted pregnancy, and unstable work as barriers to obtaining food and working, selling goods, and family support as facilitators to obtaining food. Coping strategies mentioned include providing services to others, borrowing food and goods, meal stretching, pawning personal items and trading.Conclusion: The FI experience of this population is complex; interventions, including trade training or school retention, should be multifaceted.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607094
O. Loshenko, Petr Palíšek, Ondřeji Straka, Michal Jabůrek, Šárka Portešová, Anna Ševčíková
This study assessed emotion recognition skills in school-age children in wartime conditions in Ukraine.An online survey based on the concept of basic emotions was administrated to a sample of 419 schoolchildren from Ukraine and a control group of 310 schoolchildren from the Czech Republic, aged 8 to 12.There is no difference in judging the intensity of anger and fear by Ukrainian children, compared with the control group. There is no evidence that the emotions of anger, fear, and sadness were better recognized in the Ukrainian group. Children from Ukraine were better at recognizing positive emotions than Czech children.Increased risks of threats and wartime experience do not impair the accuracy of identification of emotions like fear or the assessment of intensity of basic emotions by children who experience war in Ukraine. Still, it is important to continue studying the long-term consequences of military conflicts in order to deepen the understanding of their impact on human mental functioning.
{"title":"Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Ability of Children to Recognize Basic Emotions","authors":"O. Loshenko, Petr Palíšek, Ondřeji Straka, Michal Jabůrek, Šárka Portešová, Anna Ševčíková","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607094","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed emotion recognition skills in school-age children in wartime conditions in Ukraine.An online survey based on the concept of basic emotions was administrated to a sample of 419 schoolchildren from Ukraine and a control group of 310 schoolchildren from the Czech Republic, aged 8 to 12.There is no difference in judging the intensity of anger and fear by Ukrainian children, compared with the control group. There is no evidence that the emotions of anger, fear, and sadness were better recognized in the Ukrainian group. Children from Ukraine were better at recognizing positive emotions than Czech children.Increased risks of threats and wartime experience do not impair the accuracy of identification of emotions like fear or the assessment of intensity of basic emotions by children who experience war in Ukraine. Still, it is important to continue studying the long-term consequences of military conflicts in order to deepen the understanding of their impact on human mental functioning.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607026
Adriano Friganović, Jelena Slijepčević, Slađana Režić, Cristina Cristina Alfonso-Arias, Monika Borzuchowska, Anca Constantinescu-Dobra, M. Coțiu, Estel Estel Curado-Santos, Beata Dobrowolska, Aleksandra AGutysz-Wojnicka, Maria Hadjibalassi, Mireia Laurado-Serra, A. Sabou, Evanthia Georgiou
Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in hospital settings which critical care nurses are particularly exposed to. The aim of this study was to research abuse against Critical Care Nurses in five European countries, and its association with and impact on Healthy Work Environments.This was a multinational cross-sectional study. The 1,183 participants were nurses working in intensive care units from five European countries: Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Spain, and Romania. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method from 1 January 2021 to April 2022.Of 1,033 critical care nurses who answered questions about abuse, 646 reported at least one incident in the previous year. The highest number of incidents came from patients (2,050), followed by another nurse (1,453) and physicians (1,039).Although nurses in ICUs are aware that a healthy working environment benefits them in their daily work, most of them still face some form of abuse. Organizations must take a realistic approach to prevent abuse and to educate nurses and nurse managers by implementing standards for healthy work environments.
{"title":"Critical Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Abuse and Its Impact on Healthy Work Environments in Five European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Adriano Friganović, Jelena Slijepčević, Slađana Režić, Cristina Cristina Alfonso-Arias, Monika Borzuchowska, Anca Constantinescu-Dobra, M. Coțiu, Estel Estel Curado-Santos, Beata Dobrowolska, Aleksandra AGutysz-Wojnicka, Maria Hadjibalassi, Mireia Laurado-Serra, A. Sabou, Evanthia Georgiou","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607026","url":null,"abstract":"Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in hospital settings which critical care nurses are particularly exposed to. The aim of this study was to research abuse against Critical Care Nurses in five European countries, and its association with and impact on Healthy Work Environments.This was a multinational cross-sectional study. The 1,183 participants were nurses working in intensive care units from five European countries: Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Spain, and Romania. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method from 1 January 2021 to April 2022.Of 1,033 critical care nurses who answered questions about abuse, 646 reported at least one incident in the previous year. The highest number of incidents came from patients (2,050), followed by another nurse (1,453) and physicians (1,039).Although nurses in ICUs are aware that a healthy working environment benefits them in their daily work, most of them still face some form of abuse. Organizations must take a realistic approach to prevent abuse and to educate nurses and nurse managers by implementing standards for healthy work environments.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607002
Ragna Stalsberg, Monica Dahle Darvik
Representativeness in physical activity randomised controlled trials (RCT) in breast cancer patients is essential to analyses of feasibility and validity considering privileged- social groups. A step-by-step exclusion of less privileged groups through the trial process could reinforce health inequality. This study aimed at examining representativeness in breast cancer (BC) physical activity trials, investigate associations between socio-economic status (SES) and intervention adherence, and explore associations between representativeness and the relationship between SES and intervention adherence.Systematic, computerised searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Additional citation-based searches retrieved 37 articles. Distributions of education level, ethnicity, and marital status in study samples were compared to national populations data to estimate representativeness in less privileged groups.A preponderance of studies favoured educated, married and white patients. Only six studies reported SES-adherence associations, hampering conclusions on this relationship and possible associations between representativeness and an SES-adherence relationship.Less educated, unmarried and non-white individuals may be underrepresented in BC physical activity RCTs, while SES-adherence associations in such trials are inconclusive. Unintentional social misrepresentations may indicate that disguised inequity warrants revived attention.
{"title":"Social Representativeness and Intervention Adherence—A Systematic Review of Clinical Physical Activity Trials in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Ragna Stalsberg, Monica Dahle Darvik","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607002","url":null,"abstract":"Representativeness in physical activity randomised controlled trials (RCT) in breast cancer patients is essential to analyses of feasibility and validity considering privileged- social groups. A step-by-step exclusion of less privileged groups through the trial process could reinforce health inequality. This study aimed at examining representativeness in breast cancer (BC) physical activity trials, investigate associations between socio-economic status (SES) and intervention adherence, and explore associations between representativeness and the relationship between SES and intervention adherence.Systematic, computerised searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Additional citation-based searches retrieved 37 articles. Distributions of education level, ethnicity, and marital status in study samples were compared to national populations data to estimate representativeness in less privileged groups.A preponderance of studies favoured educated, married and white patients. Only six studies reported SES-adherence associations, hampering conclusions on this relationship and possible associations between representativeness and an SES-adherence relationship.Less educated, unmarried and non-white individuals may be underrepresented in BC physical activity RCTs, while SES-adherence associations in such trials are inconclusive. Unintentional social misrepresentations may indicate that disguised inequity warrants revived attention.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606745
R. M. Erhardt, Kristen Jafflin, N. Zepro, Charles Abongomera, A. Chernet, Daniel H. Paris, Sonja Merten
Objectives: This study aims to compare obstetric outcomes between Eritrean and Swiss women in Switzerland, focusing on instrumental or surgical interventions and analgesia use.Methods: The study included data from 45,412 Swiss and 1,132 Eritrean women who gave birth in Swiss hospitals (2019–2022). Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the effect of nationality on mode of delivery and analgesia use and multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the effect of nationality on mode of delivery in women intended for spontaneous vaginal delivery.Results: Compared with Swiss, Eritrean women had a lower rate of primary C-section (Adj. OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.89]) but a higher risk of initially planned vaginal deliveries ending in emergency C-section (RRR 1.31, 95% CI [1.05, 1.63]). Eritrean women were less likely to receive epidural analgesia (Adj. OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.45, 0.62]) and more likely to not receive any analgesia (Adj. OR 1.73, 95% CI [1.52, 1.96]).Conclusion: This study reveals disparities in obstetric care, notably in higher emergency C-section rates and lower analgesia use among Eritrean women. For promoting equitable healthcare practices deeper understanding of obstetrics decision-making is needed.
目的：本研究旨在比较瑞士和厄立特里亚妇女的产科结果：本研究旨在比较瑞士境内厄立特里亚妇女和瑞士妇女的产科结果，重点关注器械或手术干预以及镇痛的使用情况：研究纳入了在瑞士医院分娩的 45,412 名瑞士妇女和 1,132 名厄立特里亚妇女的数据（2019-2022 年）。采用混合效应逻辑回归评估国籍对分娩方式和镇痛使用的影响，采用多项式混合效应逻辑回归评估国籍对阴道自然分娩产妇分娩方式的影响：与瑞士产妇相比，厄立特里亚产妇的初次剖腹产率较低（Adj. OR 0.73，95% CI [0.60，0.89]），但最初计划的阴道分娩最终导致紧急剖腹产的风险较高（RRR 1.31，95% CI [1.05，1.63]）。厄立特里亚产妇接受硬膜外镇痛的可能性较低（Adj. OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.45, 0.62]），而不接受任何镇痛的可能性较高（Adj. OR 1.73, 95% CI [1.52, 1.96]）：这项研究揭示了产科护理方面的差异，尤其是厄立特里亚妇女的紧急剖腹产率较高，镇痛使用率较低。为了促进公平的医疗保健实践，需要加深对产科决策的理解。
{"title":"Obstetric Outcomes of Eritrean Immigrants in Switzerland: A Comparative Study","authors":"R. M. Erhardt, Kristen Jafflin, N. Zepro, Charles Abongomera, A. Chernet, Daniel H. Paris, Sonja Merten","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606745","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to compare obstetric outcomes between Eritrean and Swiss women in Switzerland, focusing on instrumental or surgical interventions and analgesia use.Methods: The study included data from 45,412 Swiss and 1,132 Eritrean women who gave birth in Swiss hospitals (2019–2022). Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the effect of nationality on mode of delivery and analgesia use and multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the effect of nationality on mode of delivery in women intended for spontaneous vaginal delivery.Results: Compared with Swiss, Eritrean women had a lower rate of primary C-section (Adj. OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.89]) but a higher risk of initially planned vaginal deliveries ending in emergency C-section (RRR 1.31, 95% CI [1.05, 1.63]). Eritrean women were less likely to receive epidural analgesia (Adj. OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.45, 0.62]) and more likely to not receive any analgesia (Adj. OR 1.73, 95% CI [1.52, 1.96]).Conclusion: This study reveals disparities in obstetric care, notably in higher emergency C-section rates and lower analgesia use among Eritrean women. For promoting equitable healthcare practices deeper understanding of obstetrics decision-making is needed.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606855
Ying Yin, T. E. Workman, J. Blosnich, Cynthia A Brandt, M. Skanderson, Y. Shao, Joseph L Goulet, Qing Zeng-Treitler
Objectives: Suicide risk is elevated in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Limited data on LGBT status in healthcare systems hinder our understanding of this risk. This study used natural language processing to extract LGBT status and a deep neural network (DNN) to examine suicidal death risk factors among US Veterans.Methods: Data on 8.8 million veterans with visits between 2010 and 2017 was used. A case-control study was performed, and suicide death risk was analyzed by a DNN. Feature impacts and interactions on the outcome were evaluated.Results: The crude suicide mortality rate was higher in LGBT patients. However, after adjusting for over 200 risk and protective factors, known LGBT status was associated with reduced risk compared to LGBT-Unknown status. Among LGBT patients, black, female, married, and older Veterans have a higher risk, while Veterans of various religions have a lower risk.Conclusion: Our results suggest that disclosed LGBT status is not directly associated with an increase suicide death risk, however, other factors (e.g., depression and anxiety caused by stigma) are associated with suicide death risks.
目的：女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者（LGBT）的自杀风险较高。医疗系统中有关 LGBT 状况的数据有限，这阻碍了我们对这一风险的了解。本研究利用自然语言处理提取 LGBT 状态，并利用深度神经网络（DNN）研究美国退伍军人自杀死亡的风险因素：研究使用了 2010 年至 2017 年期间就诊的 880 万名退伍军人的数据。进行了一项病例对照研究，并通过 DNN 分析了自杀死亡风险。评估了特征对结果的影响和相互作用：LGBT患者的粗自杀死亡率较高。然而，在对 200 多个风险和保护因素进行调整后，已知的 LGBT 身份与 LGBT 未知身份相比风险更低。在 LGBT 患者中，黑人、女性、已婚和年龄较大的退伍军人的风险较高，而信仰不同宗教的退伍军人的风险较低：我们的研究结果表明，公开的 LGBT 身份与自杀死亡风险的增加并无直接关系，但其他因素（如由耻辱感引起的抑郁和焦虑）与自杀死亡风险有关。
{"title":"Sexual and Gender Minority Status and Suicide Mortality: An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Analysis","authors":"Ying Yin, T. E. Workman, J. Blosnich, Cynthia A Brandt, M. Skanderson, Y. Shao, Joseph L Goulet, Qing Zeng-Treitler","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606855","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Suicide risk is elevated in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Limited data on LGBT status in healthcare systems hinder our understanding of this risk. This study used natural language processing to extract LGBT status and a deep neural network (DNN) to examine suicidal death risk factors among US Veterans.Methods: Data on 8.8 million veterans with visits between 2010 and 2017 was used. A case-control study was performed, and suicide death risk was analyzed by a DNN. Feature impacts and interactions on the outcome were evaluated.Results: The crude suicide mortality rate was higher in LGBT patients. However, after adjusting for over 200 risk and protective factors, known LGBT status was associated with reduced risk compared to LGBT-Unknown status. Among LGBT patients, black, female, married, and older Veterans have a higher risk, while Veterans of various religions have a lower risk.Conclusion: Our results suggest that disclosed LGBT status is not directly associated with an increase suicide death risk, however, other factors (e.g., depression and anxiety caused by stigma) are associated with suicide death risks.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606802
Evangelia E. Antoniou, Rainer Otter
Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the relationship between prenatal and childhood exposure to phthalates and neurodevelopmental outcomes, identifying periods of heightened susceptibility. Data sources considered studies examining repeated phthalate exposure during pregnancy and childhood on neurodevelopment.Methods: Evaluation included bias risk and study quality criteria. Evidence was synthesized by groups of low and high phthalate molecular weight and exposure measured prenatally and postnatally and outcome measured in childhood. Beta coefficients and their standard errors were extracted, leading to meta-analyses of various neurodevelopmental outcomes: cognition, motor skills, language, behavior, and temperament.Results: Eleven pregnancy and birth cohort studies were identified as relevant. For each phthalate group and outcome combination, there was low or very low evidence of an association, except for prenatal and postnatal phthalate exposure and behavioral development and postnatal exposure and cognition.Conclusion: The estimated effects sizes were relatively small and strong evidence for periods of heightened susceptibility could not be elucidated. No distinction between phthalates of low molecular weight and those of high molecular weight with regards to the outcomes was found.
{"title":"Phthalate Exposure and Neurotoxicity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Evangelia E. Antoniou, Rainer Otter","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606802","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the relationship between prenatal and childhood exposure to phthalates and neurodevelopmental outcomes, identifying periods of heightened susceptibility. Data sources considered studies examining repeated phthalate exposure during pregnancy and childhood on neurodevelopment.Methods: Evaluation included bias risk and study quality criteria. Evidence was synthesized by groups of low and high phthalate molecular weight and exposure measured prenatally and postnatally and outcome measured in childhood. Beta coefficients and their standard errors were extracted, leading to meta-analyses of various neurodevelopmental outcomes: cognition, motor skills, language, behavior, and temperament.Results: Eleven pregnancy and birth cohort studies were identified as relevant. For each phthalate group and outcome combination, there was low or very low evidence of an association, except for prenatal and postnatal phthalate exposure and behavioral development and postnatal exposure and cognition.Conclusion: The estimated effects sizes were relatively small and strong evidence for periods of heightened susceptibility could not be elucidated. No distinction between phthalates of low molecular weight and those of high molecular weight with regards to the outcomes was found.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606377
Christian Wiessner, Sara Licaj, Jens Klein, B. Bohn, Tilman Brand, Stefanie Castell, Amand Führer, V. Harth, Margit Heier, Jana-Kristin Heise, Bernd Holleczek, Stefanie Jaskulski, Carmen Jochem, L. Koch-Gallenkamp, Lilian Krist, Michael F Leitzmann, Wolfgang Lieb, Claudia Meinke-Franze, R. Mikolajczyk, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nadia Obi, Tobias Pischon, Sabine Schipf, Sigrid Thierry, Stefan N. Willich, Hajo Zeeb, Heiko Becher
Objective: To compare health service use (HSU) between migrants and non-migrants in Germany.Methods: Using data from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO), we compared the HSU of general practitioners, medical specialists, and psychologists/psychiatrists between six migrant groups of different origins with the utilization of non-migrants. A latent profile analysis (LPA) with a subsequent multinomial regression analysis was conducted to characterize the HSU of different groups. Additionally, separate regression models were calculated. Both analyses aimed to estimate the direct effect of migration background on HSU.Results: In the LPA, the migrant groups showed no relevant differences compared to non-migrants regarding HSU. In separate analyses, general practitioners and medical specialists were used comparably to slightly more often by first-generation migrants from Eastern Europe, Turkey, and resettlers. In contrast, the use of psychologists/psychiatrists was substantially lower among those groups. Second-generation migrants and migrants from Western countries showed no differences in their HSU compared to non-migrants.Conclusion: We observed a low mental HSU among specific migrant groups in Germany. This indicates the existence of barriers among those groups that need to be addressed.
{"title":"Health Service Use Among Migrants in the German National Cohort—The Role of Birth Region and Language Skills","authors":"Christian Wiessner, Sara Licaj, Jens Klein, B. Bohn, Tilman Brand, Stefanie Castell, Amand Führer, V. Harth, Margit Heier, Jana-Kristin Heise, Bernd Holleczek, Stefanie Jaskulski, Carmen Jochem, L. Koch-Gallenkamp, Lilian Krist, Michael F Leitzmann, Wolfgang Lieb, Claudia Meinke-Franze, R. Mikolajczyk, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nadia Obi, Tobias Pischon, Sabine Schipf, Sigrid Thierry, Stefan N. Willich, Hajo Zeeb, Heiko Becher","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606377","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare health service use (HSU) between migrants and non-migrants in Germany.Methods: Using data from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO), we compared the HSU of general practitioners, medical specialists, and psychologists/psychiatrists between six migrant groups of different origins with the utilization of non-migrants. A latent profile analysis (LPA) with a subsequent multinomial regression analysis was conducted to characterize the HSU of different groups. Additionally, separate regression models were calculated. Both analyses aimed to estimate the direct effect of migration background on HSU.Results: In the LPA, the migrant groups showed no relevant differences compared to non-migrants regarding HSU. In separate analyses, general practitioners and medical specialists were used comparably to slightly more often by first-generation migrants from Eastern Europe, Turkey, and resettlers. In contrast, the use of psychologists/psychiatrists was substantially lower among those groups. Second-generation migrants and migrants from Western countries showed no differences in their HSU compared to non-migrants.Conclusion: We observed a low mental HSU among specific migrant groups in Germany. This indicates the existence of barriers among those groups that need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":504643,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":"132 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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