Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2774
Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh, Ezeonu Chukwuma Stephe, Jonah Tsuvini, David Atah, Gabriel Sunday, Ishaya Samuel, Gideon David
Several herbal preparations are used to treat diabetes; however, their overall biochemical effects other than hypoglycemic effects are scanty. This study therefore was designed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata on biochemical indices of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-three wistar rats were distributed into 9 groups of 7 each. The test animals were intraperitoneally administered with single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and monitored for 72 hours for development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic rats were treated in 12 h cycles for three weeks with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of both leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata methanolic extract and metformin (50 mg/kg). Non-diabetic control rats received a lacebo of distilled water. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control, while groups 4-9 were diabetic rats treated orally with methanolic leave and stem-bark extracts of Adansonia digitata (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) for 21days. Group 3 animals were diabetic rats treated with anti-diabetic drug (metformin 50 mg/kg). The levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), Urea and creatinine Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), White Blood Cell (WBC) count, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT), Platelet (PLT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Lymphocyte (LYM), aspartatate aminotransfrease (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities total, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin(DB) and indirect bilirubin (IB) concentrations were assayed. The results indicated that the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, creatinine, urea TBARS, ALT, AST, ALB, CHOL and IB bilirubin were significantly (p<0.05) increased, while the levels of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, LYM, MCV SOD and CAT were reduced in the diabetic control (p<0.05). The Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract significantly increased WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, LYM, TP, CAT and SOD activity and reduced the FBS, Na+, K+, Cl-, TBARS, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea and bilirubin concentrations significantly (p<0.05) compared to normal control. However, treatment with metformin showed slight modification in the changes observed compared to Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract. MCV and MCHC reduced non-significantly (p>0.05) in the diabetic animals as compared to the normal control and the extract-treated rats, while they increased non- significantly (p>0.05) in the test groups when compared to the diabetic control. Levels of TB, DB, and TG showed non-significant (p<0.05) increase in diabetic control, but treatment with extracts and metformin caused non-significant decrease (p<0.05). Diabetic control exhibited significantly (p<
{"title":"Biochemical Evaluation of Adansonia Digitata Methanolic Leaf and Stem Bark Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh, Ezeonu Chukwuma Stephe, Jonah Tsuvini, David Atah, Gabriel Sunday, Ishaya Samuel, Gideon David","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2774","url":null,"abstract":"Several herbal preparations are used to treat diabetes; however, their overall biochemical effects other than hypoglycemic effects are scanty. This study therefore was designed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata on biochemical indices of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-three wistar rats were distributed into 9 groups of 7 each. The test animals were intraperitoneally administered with single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and monitored for 72 hours for development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic rats were treated in 12 h cycles for three weeks with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of both leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata methanolic extract and metformin (50 mg/kg). Non-diabetic control rats received a lacebo of distilled water. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control, while groups 4-9 were diabetic rats treated orally with methanolic leave and stem-bark extracts of Adansonia digitata (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) for 21days. Group 3 animals were diabetic rats treated with anti-diabetic drug (metformin 50 mg/kg). The levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), Urea and creatinine Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), White Blood Cell (WBC) count, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT), Platelet (PLT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Lymphocyte (LYM), aspartatate aminotransfrease (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities total, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin(DB) and indirect bilirubin (IB) concentrations were assayed. The results indicated that the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, creatinine, urea TBARS, ALT, AST, ALB, CHOL and IB bilirubin were significantly (p<0.05) increased, while the levels of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, LYM, MCV SOD and CAT were reduced in the diabetic control (p<0.05). The Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract significantly increased WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, LYM, TP, CAT and SOD activity and reduced the FBS, Na+, K+, Cl-, TBARS, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea and bilirubin concentrations significantly (p<0.05) compared to normal control. However, treatment with metformin showed slight modification in the changes observed compared to Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract. MCV and MCHC reduced non-significantly (p>0.05) in the diabetic animals as compared to the normal control and the extract-treated rats, while they increased non- significantly (p>0.05) in the test groups when compared to the diabetic control. Levels of TB, DB, and TG showed non-significant (p<0.05) increase in diabetic control, but treatment with extracts and metformin caused non-significant decrease (p<0.05). Diabetic control exhibited significantly (p<","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2775
Gabriel Sunday, Ezeonu Chukuma Stephen, Imo Chinedu, Jonah Tsuvini, Atah David Attah
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that remains a major health concern worldwide. It is associated with derangement of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This study evaluates the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups, with diabetes induced by alloxan. Treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts, along with Glibenclamide, lasted three weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Findings revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in fasting blood sugar (FBS) in group 10 (99.8 ± 15.74 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (274.2 ± 7.95 mg/dL) in week 1. Week 2 also revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 11 (84.6 ± 14.98 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (262.8 ± 15.94 mg/dL). Week 3, further revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 9 (79.4 ± 25.13 mg/dL) and group 11 (83.6 ± 8.35 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (289.6 ± 20.89 mg/dL). Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) when group 11 (54.38 ± 15.74 U/L) was compared with group 2 (146.66 ± 11.35 U/L). Similarly, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) significantly decreased (p<0.05) when group 11 (53.46 ± 4.6 U/L) was compared with group 2 (101.42 ± 16.01 U/L), while total protein and albumin increased in all treated groups. Group 5 (0.64 ± 0.11 mg/dL) in Total bilirubin (TB) had the lowest mean when compared with group 2 (2.69 ± 0.52 mg/dL). All treatment groups significantly decreased (p<0.05) Triglyceride (TG) and Cholesterol (CHOL). From this study, it has been shown that the aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus may have the potential to ameliorate the complications due to diabetes in a dose dependent manner.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Mitracarpus Hirtus on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Gabriel Sunday, Ezeonu Chukuma Stephen, Imo Chinedu, Jonah Tsuvini, Atah David Attah","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2775","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that remains a major health concern worldwide. It is associated with derangement of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This study evaluates the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups, with diabetes induced by alloxan. Treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts, along with Glibenclamide, lasted three weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Findings revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in fasting blood sugar (FBS) in group 10 (99.8 ± 15.74 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (274.2 ± 7.95 mg/dL) in week 1. Week 2 also revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 11 (84.6 ± 14.98 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (262.8 ± 15.94 mg/dL). Week 3, further revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 9 (79.4 ± 25.13 mg/dL) and group 11 (83.6 ± 8.35 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (289.6 ± 20.89 mg/dL). Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) when group 11 (54.38 ± 15.74 U/L) was compared with group 2 (146.66 ± 11.35 U/L). Similarly, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) significantly decreased (p<0.05) when group 11 (53.46 ± 4.6 U/L) was compared with group 2 (101.42 ± 16.01 U/L), while total protein and albumin increased in all treated groups. Group 5 (0.64 ± 0.11 mg/dL) in Total bilirubin (TB) had the lowest mean when compared with group 2 (2.69 ± 0.52 mg/dL). All treatment groups significantly decreased (p<0.05) Triglyceride (TG) and Cholesterol (CHOL). From this study, it has been shown that the aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus may have the potential to ameliorate the complications due to diabetes in a dose dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"627 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2776
Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh, U. John, D. Agyo, Z. H. Shenia, Gabriel Sunday, Jonah Tsuvini, David Gideon, Tsojon Zechariah Tsojon, B. C. David
Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, offer health benefits to humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Adansonia digitata leaves on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in wistar rats. The extraction was done using absolute ethanol, followed by fractionation with different solvent combination via column chromatography. Elution of extract was done with solvent system by gradually increasing polarity beginning from n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and finally water. In total, 22 fractions were collected in 200 mL beaker each. The fractions were subjected to total antioxidant analysis using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolics and total flavonoids content were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu. GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis were also carried out. Thirty-six male albino rats were distributed into six groups of six (n = 6). The negative control group received CCl4 only. The standard control group was administered 2 CCl4/kg body weight + 25mg/kg body weight silymarin followed by different doses of ethyl acetate:ethanol fraction-20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Induction and treatment were carried out in the beginning of a new week. The animals were fasted for 24 hours, sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The administered fraction led to the statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) and statistically significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) respectively, the reduction in the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were statistically not significant (p> 0.05) in the treated rats as compared to the untreated rats. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of antioxidant and phenolics. From the total antioxidant capacity, fraction 6b (ethyl acetate: ethanol) was selected for GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis. The GC-MS analysis of fraction 6b revealed the presence of 14 compounds from which Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate had the highest percentage constituent (48.30%) while while 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol had the lowest relative abundance of 0.14 %. Dichloroacetic acid, tridecyl este, d-Glycero-d-ido-heptose, Phthalic acid, ethyl pentyl ester, Trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane, 2-Hexene, 6-nitro-, 2-Tetradecanol, 3,5-Dimethyl-2-octanol, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 7,11-Hexadecadienal, 9-Octadecenamide, Squalene and E, E-1,9,17-Docasatriene were the other compounds found in the fraction. FTIR spectral analysis of the fraction showed peaks of various functional groups. The HPLC results showed the presence of quercetin in the fraction.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Fractions of Adansonia Digitata Leaves on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4)- Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats","authors":"Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh, U. John, D. Agyo, Z. H. Shenia, Gabriel Sunday, Jonah Tsuvini, David Gideon, Tsojon Zechariah Tsojon, B. C. David","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2776","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, offer health benefits to humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Adansonia digitata leaves on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in wistar rats. The extraction was done using absolute ethanol, followed by fractionation with different solvent combination via column chromatography. Elution of extract was done with solvent system by gradually increasing polarity beginning from n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and finally water. In total, 22 fractions were collected in 200 mL beaker each. The fractions were subjected to total antioxidant analysis using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolics and total flavonoids content were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu. GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis were also carried out. Thirty-six male albino rats were distributed into six groups of six (n = 6). The negative control group received CCl4 only. The standard control group was administered 2 CCl4/kg body weight + 25mg/kg body weight silymarin followed by different doses of ethyl acetate:ethanol fraction-20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Induction and treatment were carried out in the beginning of a new week. The animals were fasted for 24 hours, sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The administered fraction led to the statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) and statistically significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) respectively, the reduction in the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were statistically not significant (p> 0.05) in the treated rats as compared to the untreated rats. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of antioxidant and phenolics. From the total antioxidant capacity, fraction 6b (ethyl acetate: ethanol) was selected for GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis. The GC-MS analysis of fraction 6b revealed the presence of 14 compounds from which Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate had the highest percentage constituent (48.30%) while while 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol had the lowest relative abundance of 0.14 %. Dichloroacetic acid, tridecyl este, d-Glycero-d-ido-heptose, Phthalic acid, ethyl pentyl ester, Trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane, 2-Hexene, 6-nitro-, 2-Tetradecanol, 3,5-Dimethyl-2-octanol, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 7,11-Hexadecadienal, 9-Octadecenamide, Squalene and E, E-1,9,17-Docasatriene were the other compounds found in the fraction. FTIR spectral analysis of the fraction showed peaks of various functional groups. The HPLC results showed the presence of quercetin in the fraction.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"15 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2743
Miftah Patriela, Hary Sanjaya
The need for electrical energy is increasing with the increase in the economy and population in Indonesia. Fossil energy sources are used as fuel to produce electrical energy and will run out if used continuously. Fossil energy sources can be replaced by using New Renewable Energy (NRE) to meet national electrical energy needs. The purpose of adding additives in this study is to observe the effectiveness of the addition of DEA on the band gap value, crystal phase, and surface morphology on SnO2. In this study using the sol-gel method for the synthesis of SnO2. The sol-gel method is the conversion of monomers into colloidal solutions (sol) which serve as precursors for integrated networks (gels) either discrete particles or network polymers. SnO2 nanomaterials will be characterized by UV-DRS Spectrophotometer. The results of characterization of SnO2 nanomaterials with the addition of Diethanolamine additives as much as 1.5 mL have obtained a band gap value of 3.60 eV.
随着印度尼西亚经济和人口的增长，对电能的需求也在不断增加。化石能源被用作生产电能的燃料，如果持续使用就会耗尽。使用新能源（NRE）可以取代化石能源，满足国家的电力需求。本研究添加添加剂的目的是观察添加 DEA 对二氧化锡带隙值、晶相和表面形貌的影响。本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法合成 SnO2。溶胶-凝胶法是将单体转化为胶体溶液（溶胶），作为离散颗粒或网络聚合物集成网络（凝胶）的前体。二氧化锡纳米材料将通过 UV-DRS 分光光度计进行表征。在加入多达 1.5 mL 的二乙醇胺添加剂后，二氧化锡纳米材料的带隙值为 3.60 eV。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Diethanolamine (DEA) Addition on Band Gap Value of SnO2 by Using Sol-Gel Methods","authors":"Miftah Patriela, Hary Sanjaya","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2743","url":null,"abstract":"The need for electrical energy is increasing with the increase in the economy and population in Indonesia. Fossil energy sources are used as fuel to produce electrical energy and will run out if used continuously. Fossil energy sources can be replaced by using New Renewable Energy (NRE) to meet national electrical energy needs. The purpose of adding additives in this study is to observe the effectiveness of the addition of DEA on the band gap value, crystal phase, and surface morphology on SnO2. In this study using the sol-gel method for the synthesis of SnO2. The sol-gel method is the conversion of monomers into colloidal solutions (sol) which serve as precursors for integrated networks (gels) either discrete particles or network polymers. SnO2 nanomaterials will be characterized by UV-DRS Spectrophotometer. The results of characterization of SnO2 nanomaterials with the addition of Diethanolamine additives as much as 1.5 mL have obtained a band gap value of 3.60 eV.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"80 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2720
S. Enejiyon, Muhammad Muhammad Wuna, Hafsat Babayi, N. Adabara
In the Minna, data on the seroprevalence rate of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes which can be used to determine children’s immune status and the vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis is sparse. This study aim was to detect immunoglobulin G to poliovirus in children aged 5-10 years old in Minna, Nigeria. About 2 mL of blood was collected by venipuncture from 91 children selected randomly from various health care facilities across Minna. Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the sera. The detection of poliovirus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was done using polyclonal Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection test kits. In this study, all the children had detectable level of antibodies, 85 (93.4%) children consisting of 49 (53.8%) males and 36 (39.6%) females showed protective level of antibodies (seropositive). Seropositivity rate of 96.8% (30/31), 94.0% (31/33) and 88.9% (24/27) was recorded among children aged 9-10, 7-8 and 5-6 years old respectively. About 74.7% (68/91) of the participants were weak responder (concentration of antibodies <50 U/mL) to the vaccines received with low seroconversion rates while 6.6% (6/91) of the children had sub-protective level of antibodies (seronegative). Age, sex, parents’ occupation, mothers’ educational status and drinking water source had no significant association (p>0.05) with seroprevalence rates while fathers’ educational status showed significant statistical association with seroprevalence rate (p<0.05). High seropositivity was recorded in this study, nation-wide seroprevalence is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the progress made so far in sustaining polio-free status.
{"title":"Detection of Immunoglobulin G to Poliovirus in Children 5-10 Years Old in Minna, Nigeria","authors":"S. Enejiyon, Muhammad Muhammad Wuna, Hafsat Babayi, N. Adabara","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2720","url":null,"abstract":"In the Minna, data on the seroprevalence rate of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes which can be used to determine children’s immune status and the vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis is sparse. This study aim was to detect immunoglobulin G to poliovirus in children aged 5-10 years old in Minna, Nigeria. About 2 mL of blood was collected by venipuncture from 91 children selected randomly from various health care facilities across Minna. Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the sera. The detection of poliovirus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was done using polyclonal Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection test kits. In this study, all the children had detectable level of antibodies, 85 (93.4%) children consisting of 49 (53.8%) males and 36 (39.6%) females showed protective level of antibodies (seropositive). Seropositivity rate of 96.8% (30/31), 94.0% (31/33) and 88.9% (24/27) was recorded among children aged 9-10, 7-8 and 5-6 years old respectively. About 74.7% (68/91) of the participants were weak responder (concentration of antibodies <50 U/mL) to the vaccines received with low seroconversion rates while 6.6% (6/91) of the children had sub-protective level of antibodies (seronegative). Age, sex, parents’ occupation, mothers’ educational status and drinking water source had no significant association (p>0.05) with seroprevalence rates while fathers’ educational status showed significant statistical association with seroprevalence rate (p<0.05). High seropositivity was recorded in this study, nation-wide seroprevalence is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the progress made so far in sustaining polio-free status.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"450 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2741
Hamza Abdulrahman, Ummu Tukur, Dikko Haliru Umar
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has to be preserved to prevent losses and ameliorate food security. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts are useful to extend shelf life of tomato. This paper performed a review of tomato and use of neem and turmeric for its storage/ preservation. This paper mostly, will discuss the tomatoes under the following headings: history, biological nature, taxonomy, postharvest importance, utilization of neem and turmeric for its storage, economic benefits, and disadvantages of using artificial preservatives.
番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）必须加以保存，以防止损失并改善食品安全。姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）和印楝（Azadirachta indica）提取物有助于延长番茄的保质期。 本文综述了番茄以及印楝和姜黄在番茄储存/保鲜中的应用。本文主要将在以下标题下讨论番茄：历史、生物性质、分类、收获后的重要性、利用印楝和姜黄贮藏番茄、经济效益以及使用人工防腐剂的缺点。
{"title":"Tomato: An Overview of Application of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Neem (Azadiratcha indica) on Shelf-Life Extension During Post-Harvest Storing of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Hamza Abdulrahman, Ummu Tukur, Dikko Haliru Umar","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2741","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has to be preserved to prevent losses and ameliorate food security. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts are useful to extend shelf life of tomato. This paper performed a review of tomato and use of neem and turmeric for its storage/ preservation. This paper mostly, will discuss the tomatoes under the following headings: history, biological nature, taxonomy, postharvest importance, utilization of neem and turmeric for its storage, economic benefits, and disadvantages of using artificial preservatives.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"226 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2738
Igwe Esther Osaro, Imo Chinedu, Yakubu Ojochenemi E
This study evaluated the proximate and phytochemical constituents of ethanolic seeds extracts of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata. The seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida were purchased and air-dried at room temperature. The dried seeds were pulverized to ground sample. The sample was weighed and used for the proximate and phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites: alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, Cardiac glycoside, terpenes (tri), steroids and saponins, but the absence of anthraquinones. The seed of C. nitida was higher in alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in flavonoids and carbohydrates than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of alkaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the levels of flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). The seed of C. nitida was higher in moisture, ash, lipid and crude protein than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in crude fibre and carbohydrate than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of moisture, ash, lipid, crude fibre and crude protein in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the level of carbohydrate in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). The result shows that seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida possess an appreciable level of phytochemicals. It could be a good raw material for the production of some medicinal drugs and can be used in folk medicine for the treatment of some diseases.
本研究评估了硝酸高良姜和高良姜种子乙醇提取物的近似成分和植物化学成分。购买了 C. acuminata 和 C. nitida 的种子，并在室温下风干。将干燥的种子粉碎成研磨样品。样品称重后用于近似物和植物化学分析。植物化学定性筛选结果显示存在次生代谢物：生物碱、黄酮类、单宁、酚类、强心甙、萜类（三）、甾体和皂苷，但不含蒽醌类化合物。硝虫种子的生物碱、皂苷、酚类、单宁、甾体、三萜类和 C-糖苷含量高于刺五加种子，而刺五加种子的黄酮类和碳水化合物含量高于硝虫种子。硝豆种子和尖吻蘑菇种子中的生物碱、皂苷、酚类和单宁含量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。硝酸纤维素种子中的黄酮类化合物、碳水化合物、类固醇、三萜类化合物和 C-糖苷含量与刺五加种子中的水分、灰分、脂质、粗纤维和粗蛋白含量之间的差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。nitida 种子和 acuminata 种子的碳水化合物含量差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。结果表明，C. acuminata 和 C. nitida 的种子含有大量植物化学物质。它可以作为生产某些药用药物的良好原料，并可用于治疗某些疾病的民间医药中。
{"title":"Proximate and Phytochemical Constituents of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Cola Acuminata and Cola Nitida","authors":"Igwe Esther Osaro, Imo Chinedu, Yakubu Ojochenemi E","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2738","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the proximate and phytochemical constituents of ethanolic seeds extracts of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata. The seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida were purchased and air-dried at room temperature. The dried seeds were pulverized to ground sample. The sample was weighed and used for the proximate and phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites: alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, Cardiac glycoside, terpenes (tri), steroids and saponins, but the absence of anthraquinones. The seed of C. nitida was higher in alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in flavonoids and carbohydrates than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of alkaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the levels of flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). The seed of C. nitida was higher in moisture, ash, lipid and crude protein than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in crude fibre and carbohydrate than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of moisture, ash, lipid, crude fibre and crude protein in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the level of carbohydrate in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). \u0000The result shows that seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida possess an appreciable level of phytochemicals. It could be a good raw material for the production of some medicinal drugs and can be used in folk medicine for the treatment of some diseases.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2739
Verenika Syah Putri, Widya Prarikeslan
The aim of this research is to determine changes in vegetation density due to population migration in the Air Cool watershed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. This research is descriptive research using a quantitative approach. Determining the level of vegetation density in the Air Winter watershed is carried out using the vegetation index score classification by Marwoto & Ginting (2009) which consists of Non-Vegetation, Low Vegetation, Medium Vegetation and High Vegetation density classes. The location of this research is in the Air Cold Watershed, Lubuk Minturun Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Based on the results of the research conducted, several things can be concluded as follows. The results of the analysis of vegetation density levels obtained from image data for 2016 and 2022 consist of Non Vegetation density classes covering 102.86 ha and 12.46 ha, Low Vegetation 730.71 ha and 1279.74 ha, Medium Vegetation 399.76 ha and 5301.17 ha and High Vegetation 11559.82 ha and 6199.63 ha. This change in Vegetation Density was then also followed by an increase in population by 2493 people in Lubuk Minturun Village and 3856 people from Balai Gadang Village, as well as a reduction in the number of people living in areas close to the coastline. This significant population movement of course triggers land clearing for settlements and other land clearing activities so that the Vegetation Density changes along with population growth in an area.
{"title":"Analisis Perubahan Kerapatan Vegetasi DAS Air Dingin Akibat Migrasi Penduduk Pasca Gempa Padang 30 September 2009","authors":"Verenika Syah Putri, Widya Prarikeslan","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2739","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to determine changes in vegetation density due to population migration in the Air Cool watershed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. This research is descriptive research using a quantitative approach. Determining the level of vegetation density in the Air Winter watershed is carried out using the vegetation index score classification by Marwoto & Ginting (2009) which consists of Non-Vegetation, Low Vegetation, Medium Vegetation and High Vegetation density classes. The location of this research is in the Air Cold Watershed, Lubuk Minturun Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Based on the results of the research conducted, several things can be concluded as follows. The results of the analysis of vegetation density levels obtained from image data for 2016 and 2022 consist of Non Vegetation density classes covering 102.86 ha and 12.46 ha, Low Vegetation 730.71 ha and 1279.74 ha, Medium Vegetation 399.76 ha and 5301.17 ha and High Vegetation 11559.82 ha and 6199.63 ha. This change in Vegetation Density was then also followed by an increase in population by 2493 people in Lubuk Minturun Village and 3856 people from Balai Gadang Village, as well as a reduction in the number of people living in areas close to the coastline. This significant population movement of course triggers land clearing for settlements and other land clearing activities so that the Vegetation Density changes along with population growth in an area.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661
Ikwebe Joseph, Bando Christopher David
Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study investigated the presence of heavy metals in bread baked and sold in Makurdi, Metropolis, to ascertain their safety for consumption. Twenty different bread brands were sampled twice from bakeries and distribution outlets within Makurdi, metropolis respectively. The heavy metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The varied concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Bread Loaves from Bakeries (BFB) and in Bread Loaves from Distribution Outlets (BFD) were determined. Cd was not detected in BFB and flour, but it was present in one sample in BFD. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to separate the means. Though, most of the studied heavy metals were within permissible limits, caution should be taken when consuming bread, because of their ability to persist and bio-accumulate in bio-systems.
{"title":"Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Bread Baked and Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State Nigeria","authors":"Ikwebe Joseph, Bando Christopher David","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study investigated the presence of heavy metals in bread baked and sold in Makurdi, Metropolis, to ascertain their safety for consumption. Twenty different bread brands were sampled twice from bakeries and distribution outlets within Makurdi, metropolis respectively. The heavy metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The varied concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Bread Loaves from Bakeries (BFB) and in Bread Loaves from Distribution Outlets (BFD) were determined. Cd was not detected in BFB and flour, but it was present in one sample in BFD. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to separate the means. Though, most of the studied heavy metals were within permissible limits, caution should be taken when consuming bread, because of their ability to persist and bio-accumulate in bio-systems.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2545
Surendra Kumar Tiwari, Jayant Prakash Ganvir
The study of contraction mappings in fixed-point theory is a fascinating and crucial field of mathematics. The concept of contraction plays a vital role in proving the existence and uniqueness of fixed points. Banach's contraction theory offers a fixed point theorem that is widely accepted as unique in most analyses. By using rational expressions in metric spaces, we can achieve unique results in general contraction mapping. These results are based on several innovative ideas stemming from the latest research. The delivered results upgrade and federate many existing outcomes on the topic in the literature Bhardwaj, R. et al. (2007) Chouhan et al. (2014) and Garg and Priyanka (2016). Also gives some suitable examples for verifying our results.
{"title":"Rational Contraction in Metric Space and Common Fixed Point Theorems","authors":"Surendra Kumar Tiwari, Jayant Prakash Ganvir","doi":"10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2545","url":null,"abstract":"The study of contraction mappings in fixed-point theory is a fascinating and crucial field of mathematics. The concept of contraction plays a vital role in proving the existence and uniqueness of fixed points. Banach's contraction theory offers a fixed point theorem that is widely accepted as unique in most analyses. By using rational expressions in metric spaces, we can achieve unique results in general contraction mapping. These results are based on several innovative ideas stemming from the latest research. The delivered results upgrade and federate many existing outcomes on the topic in the literature Bhardwaj, R. et al. (2007) Chouhan et al. (2014) and Garg and Priyanka (2016). Also gives some suitable examples for verifying our results.","PeriodicalId":504704,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：