European Transactions on Electrical Power最新文献

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Flexibility evaluation and flexible comprehensive optimization in power systems 电力系统柔性评价与柔性综合优化

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.617

Sun Weiqing, Wang Chengmin, Zhang Yan

SUMMARY Smart grid puts forward new requirements in the planning, operation and management of power systems. Flexibility is one of the most important characters among the requirements. Traditional optimization analysis methods with single objective function and rigid constraints can hardly meet such requirements. This paper introduces the original concept of flexibility in industry process system analysis into power system analysis, analyzes their main differences and makes subdivision of power system flexibility into four kinds, namely property, constraint, load and structure flexibility. Rigid constraints in traditional analysis methods are transformed into flexible forms, and a power system flexibility evaluation method is proposed. Flexibility indices are defined and calculated to give intuitive measure of power system flexibility to grid dispatchers. Then, a flexible comprehensive optimization model in power system analysis is established. The result obtained is not an optimization for a single objective, but a comprehensive optimization considering system economy, safety and other objectives. Case study on IEEE 30-bus test system shows the validity of the methodology proposed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

智能电网对电力系统的规划、运行和管理提出了新的要求。在这些要求中，灵活性是最重要的特征之一。传统的单一目标函数和刚性约束的优化分析方法很难满足这一要求。本文将工业过程系统分析中原有的柔性概念引入电力系统分析，分析了两者的主要区别，并将电力系统柔性细分为性质柔性、约束柔性、负荷柔性和结构柔性四种。将传统分析方法中的刚性约束转化为柔性约束，提出了一种电力系统柔性评价方法。通过对柔性指标的定义和计算，为电网调度员提供电力系统柔性的直观度量。在此基础上，建立了电力系统分析中的柔性综合优化模型。所得到的结果不是针对单一目标的优化，而是考虑系统经济、安全等目标的综合优化。以IEEE 30总线测试系统为例，验证了该方法的有效性。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 7

Classification of power quality disturbances using quantum neural network and DS evidence fusion 基于量子神经网络和DS证据融合的电能质量扰动分类

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.584

Zhengyou He, Haiping Zhang, J. Zhao, Q. Qian

SUMMARY A novel classifier based on Quantum Neural Network (QNN) and Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory to recognize the types of power quality (PQ) disturbances is presented. According to the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and S-transform (ST) algorithms, three kinds of feature vectors extracted from the original signals are used to train three different quantum neural networks, then DS evidence theory is used for global fusion at the decision level to gain a unified classification result from the outputs of QNNs. Ten types of disturbances are considered for the classification problem. Simulation results indicate that the classification performance of QNN is better than back propagation neural network (BPNN). The recognition capability of the QNN-DS classifier is compared with BPNN-DS, probabilistic neural network with voting rules (PNN-VR) at the decision level, and only one QNN with information fusion at the feature level. It shows that the proposed classifier has good performance on recognizing single and multiple disturbances under different situations and can achieve a highest accuracy of all. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

摘要提出了一种基于量子神经网络(QNN)和Dempster-Shafer (DS)证据理论的电能质量(PQ)干扰分类器。根据离散小波变换(DWT)、小波包变换(WPT)和s变换(ST)算法，从原始信号中提取三种特征向量，分别训练三种不同的量子神经网络，然后在决策层面利用DS证据理论进行全局融合，从量子神经网络的输出中获得统一的分类结果。对于分类问题，考虑了十种类型的干扰。仿真结果表明，QNN的分类性能优于反向传播神经网络(BPNN)。将QNN- ds分类器在决策层与BPNN-DS、带有投票规则的概率神经网络(PNN-VR)进行了比较，并在特征层与只有一种带有信息融合的QNN进行了比较。结果表明，本文提出的分类器在不同情况下对单个和多个干扰的识别都有良好的性能，并能达到最高的准确率。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 20

Accelerated Newton–Raphson power flow 加速牛顿-拉夫森功率流

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.579

Gan Li, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Xi-Fan Wang

SUMMARY This paper introduces the Newton-like method of modifying the right-hand-side vector into the power flow solution. Based on this method, the accelerated Newton–Raphson (ANR) power flow algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a constant Jacobian matrix in the correction equations is employed to reduce the computation burden, while the power mismatch vector is multiplied by a factor to guarantee the convergence. Case studies on different test systems under different loading levels are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed power flow algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

引用次数: 9

Approach for an integral power transformer reliability model 电力变压器整体可靠性模型的一种方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.578

A. Schijndel, P. Wouters, E. Steennis, J. Wetzer

SUMMARYIn electrical power transmission and distribution networks power transformers represent a crucial group of assets both in terms of reliability and investments. In order to safeguard the required quality at acceptable costs, decisions must be based on a reliable forecast of future behaviour. The aim of the present study is to develop an integral transformer lifetime model which involves degradation mechanisms for most relevant subsystems, applicable to individual power transformers and transformer populations. In this paper, we present a predictive model for power transformer reliability which involves three essential ingredients: failure statistics, physical understanding of the degradation process, and actual knowledge of the present condition. The model is based on evaluation of existing literature and past experience on degradation mechanisms, failure modes and diagnostic techniques. The model is illustrated for integral reliability of three transformer failure modes, related to the degradation of the transformer winding insulation, of bushings and of tap-changers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

在输配电网络中，电力变压器在可靠性和投资方面都是一组至关重要的资产。为了以可接受的成本保证所需的质量，决策必须基于对未来行为的可靠预测。本研究的目的是建立一个完整的变压器寿命模型，该模型涉及大多数相关子系统的退化机制，适用于单个电力变压器和变压器群。在本文中，我们提出了一个电力变压器可靠性的预测模型，该模型涉及三个基本要素:故障统计、对退化过程的物理理解和对现状的实际了解。该模型是基于对现有文献和过去关于退化机制、失效模式和诊断技术的经验的评估。该模型描述了与变压器绕组绝缘、套管和分接开关退化有关的三种变压器故障模式的整体可靠性。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 17

Multiwavelet transform based classification of PQ events 基于多小波变换的PQ事件分类

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.581

Rajiv Kapoor, M. Saini

SUMMARY Wavelets have been used extensively in the recent past. The work presented uses multiwavelet because of its inherent property to resolve the signal better than all single wavelets. Multiwavelets are based on more than one scaling function. The resolution is better compared to Daubechies (D4) and hence the event can be detected from lesser number of samples as compared to Daubechies (D4). The proposed methodology utilizes an enhanced resolving capability of multiwavelet to recognize power system disturbances. Dempster–Shafer (DS), an intelligent classifier, has been implemented and tested for various PQ events. Two sub-classifiers, heuristic classifier and statistical classifier (χ2 distribution), have been used to support and strengthen the structural identification and temporal distribution factor of DS classifier. Results on various PQ events, such as voltage sag, voltage swell, outage, interruption, impulsive-transient (IT), oscillatory-transient (OT), noise, and notching, show that multiwavelets can detect and classify different PQ events efficiently and consistently. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

近年来，小波得到了广泛的应用。由于多小波具有比单小波更好地分解信号的固有特性，因此本文采用了多小波。多小波基于多个尺度函数。与Daubechies (D4)相比，分辨率更好，因此与Daubechies (D4)相比，可以从较少数量的样本中检测到事件。该方法利用增强的多小波分解能力来识别电力系统的干扰。Dempster-Shafer (DS)是一种智能分类器，已经实现并测试了各种PQ事件。采用启发式分类器和统计分类器(χ2分布)两个子分类器来支持和加强DS分类器的结构识别和时间分布因子。对电压暂降、电压膨胀、中断、中断、脉冲暂态、振荡暂态、噪声和陷波等各种PQ事件的分析结果表明，多小波可以有效、一致地检测和分类不同的PQ事件。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 19

A new approach for load flow analysis of integrated AC–DC power systems using sequential modified Gauss–Seidel methods 一种基于序贯修正高斯-塞德尔方法的交直流综合电力系统潮流分析新方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.570

S. Messalti, S. Belkhiat, S. Saadate, D. Flieller

SUMMARY The paper describes a new approach for the load flow calculations of integrated AC–DC system. A simple and reliable method for sequential modified Gauss and Gauss–Seidel power flow for AC–DC system is developed. This approach is based on applying nodal injection theory at all buses. The DC system is treated by the current injected to the buses where it is connected and its effect is reflected at internal buses by additional power injection. Iterations between AC and DC power flow algorithms are made to match boundary conditions between the two systems. In this approach, the active and reactive power and the AC voltages at the converter buses are considered as the interface between the AC and DC equations in each iteration step. The combined AC–DC equations are solved separately using sequential modified Gauss and Gauss–Seidel methods. The developed algorithm to solve the AC–DC power flow has been tested on the IEEE 9-bus test system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文提出了一种新的交直流综合系统潮流计算方法。提出了一种简单可靠的交直流系统序贯修正高斯和高斯-塞德尔潮流计算方法。该方法基于在所有总线上应用节点注入理论。直流系统通过注入到其连接的母线的电流进行处理，其效果通过额外的功率注入反映在内部母线上。在交流和直流潮流算法之间进行迭代，以匹配两个系统之间的边界条件。在该方法中，在每个迭代步骤中，将变换器母线上的有功功率和无功功率以及交流电压作为交流和直流方程之间的接口。采用顺序修正高斯法和高斯-塞德尔法分别求解交-直流组合方程。所开发的交直流潮流求解算法已在IEEE 9总线测试系统上进行了测试。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 33

A fast WT‐based algorithm to distinguish between transformer internal faults and inrush currents 基于小波变换的快速变压器内部故障与涌流识别算法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.576

A. Rahmati, M. Sanaye-Pasand

SUMMARY This paper presents a novel algorithm for power transformer differential protection which differentiates internal faults from magnetizing inrush currents and saturation of current transformers using wavelet transform. The technique is based on pattern recognition of the instantaneous differential currents using the high-frequency components generated during the disturbance. These components are extracted using a wavelet-based processor stage. In this method, an appropriate criterion at a suitable frequency range is developed. Using the developed criterion for three phases, internal faults are correctly detected in about 1/8th cycle after occurrence of the disturbance. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using generated data from simulation of a model power system using Electromagnetic Transients Program software. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested in many different cases and promising results are obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

摘要提出了一种基于小波变换的电力变压器差动保护算法，该算法将电流互感器内部故障与励磁涌流和饱和相区分。该技术基于利用扰动过程中产生的高频分量对瞬时差分电流进行模式识别。使用基于小波的处理器阶段提取这些成分。该方法在合适的频率范围内建立了合适的判据。利用所建立的三相判据，在扰动发生后约1/8个周期内即可正确检测出内部故障。利用电磁瞬变程序软件对一个模型电力系统的仿真生成的数据对该算法进行了评价。在许多不同的情况下测试了该算法的性能，并获得了令人满意的结果。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 19

A new time-domain based power system frequency estimation algorithm 一种新的基于时域的电力系统频率估计算法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.572

H. Seyedi, M. Sanaye-Pasand

SUMMARY Frequency stability is one of the most important features of power systems. It is closely dependent on the value of system frequency. In the present day modern power systems, fast and accurate frequency estimation has become quite vital. Any mistake in accurate estimation of frequency may threaten the frequency stability or at least lead to system operation problems. In this paper, a new time-domain based power system frequency estimation algorithm is proposed. Different abnormal events such as frequency decline due to load-generation mismatch are modeled and ability of the new frequency measurement technique to track the frequency is tested. Performance of the new method is evaluated and compared with an existing frequency estimation algorithm. Simulation results confirm advantages of the new approach over the existing method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

频率稳定性是电力系统最重要的特性之一。它与系统频率的值密切相关。在现代电力系统中，快速准确的频率估计已变得至关重要。准确估计频率的任何错误都可能威胁到频率的稳定性或至少导致系统运行问题。本文提出了一种新的基于时域的电力系统频率估计算法。对负荷产生失配导致的频率下降等不同异常事件进行了建模，并对新测频技术的频率跟踪能力进行了测试。对新方法的性能进行了评价，并与现有的频率估计算法进行了比较。仿真结果证实了新方法相对于现有方法的优越性。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 15

Combined operation of converter-based distributed generation unit in DC distribution system in order to have premium power quality 基于变流器的分布式发电机组在直流配电系统中联合运行，以获得优质的电能质量

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.573

R. Noroozian, G. Gharehpetian

SUMMARY This paper studies a DC distribution system, which has been supplied by utility AC grid and converter-based distributed generation (DG) in order to provide an overall solution to power quality problems. The power flow control in DC distribution systems is achieved by network and storage converters, which have DC voltage controllers. A control strategy for these converters has been presented, which is based on DC voltage droop controller and a novel instantaneous power regulation scheme. Furthermore, this paper presents a simple DC bus voltage controller, which can be used for DC system voltage determination. Also, a novel control system has been proposed for DG and load converters. The simulation results, based on PSCAD/EMTDC software, show that DC distribution system including converter-based DG unit can provide the premium power quality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文研究了一个由公用交流电网和基于变流器的分布式发电供电的直流配电系统，以期对电能质量问题提供一个整体的解决方案。直流配电系统的潮流控制是通过网络变流器和存储变流器来实现的，它们都有直流电压控制器。提出了一种基于直流电压降控制器和一种新的瞬时功率调节方案的变换器控制策略。此外，本文还提出了一种简单的直流母线电压控制器，可用于直流系统电压的确定。此外，还提出了一种新型的DG和负载变流器控制系统。基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件的仿真结果表明，包括基于变换器的DG机组在内的直流配电系统能够提供优质的电能质量。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 4

Computer models for estimating the breakdown voltage of air in uniform and non‐uniform fields at 30 kHz 30 kHz均匀场和非均匀场中空气击穿电压的计算机模型

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.585

D. Rodriguez, R. Gorur, P. Hansen

SUMMARY This paper reports on the development of models to estimate the breakdown voltage of air in uniform and non-uniform gap configurations for the very low frequency (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) bands. The breakdown voltage of air at VLF/LF is considerably lower and has a larger dependency on ambient humidity than at 60 Hz. Both characteristics have been explained by increased space charge formation at the higher frequencies. The models are shown to be useful for predicting breakdown voltages at VLF/LF for uniform field gap spacings up to 125 mm and non-uniform field gap spacings up to 4 m. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

引用次数: 0

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