European Transactions on Electrical Power最新文献

英文中文

Power system harmonics research: a survey 电力系统谐波研究综述

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.201

G. Singh

The increased use of power electronic controlled equipment, such as variable speed drives, automated production lines, personal computers and non-linear electronic devices in power systems has given rise to a type of voltage and current waveform distortion called as ‘harmonics’. Harmonic can be defined as the undesirable components of a distorted periodic waveform whose frequencies are the integer multiples (non-integer multiples in case of inter-harmonics, and the frequency less than fundamental frequency in case of sub-harmonics) of the fundamental frequency. Presence of these harmonics results in increased losses, equipment heating and loss-of-life, and interference with protection, control and communication circuits as well as customer loads. The research has been underway since very beginning for control of power system harmonics and to supply consumers with reliable and ‘clean’ fundamental-frequency sinusoidal electric power that does not represent a damaging threat to their equipment. This paper, therefore, reviews the progress made in power system harmonics research and development since its inception. Attempts are also made to highlight the current and future issues involved in the development of quality and reliable electric power technology for future applications. A list of 145 research publications on the subject is also appended for a quick reference. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

电力系统中越来越多地使用电力电子控制设备，如变速驱动器、自动化生产线、个人电脑和非线性电子设备，导致了一种称为“谐波”的电压和电流波形失真。谐波可以定义为频率为基频整数倍(间谐波为非整数倍，次谐波为小于基频)的扭曲周期波形中不希望出现的分量。这些谐波的存在导致损耗增加，设备发热和生命损失，并干扰保护，控制和通信电路以及客户负载。这项研究从一开始就在进行，目的是控制电力系统的谐波，并为消费者提供可靠和“清洁”的基频正弦电力，而不会对他们的设备造成破坏性威胁。因此，本文对电力系统谐波研究与开发自成立以来所取得的进展进行了综述。还试图突出当前和未来的问题所涉及的发展质量和可靠的电力技术，为未来的应用。还附上了145份关于这一主题的研究出版物的清单，以供快速参考。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 187

A genetic algorithm multi-objective approach for efficient operational planning technique of distribution systems 配电网高效运行规划技术的遗传算法多目标方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.206

C. Lakshminarayana, M. R. Mohan

This paper presents a genetic algorithm multi-objective approach for efficient operational planning technique for electrical power distribution systems (EPDS). Service restoration is a non-linear, combinatorial, non-differential and multi-objective optimization problem that often has a great number of candidate solutions to be evaluated by the operators. To tackle the problem of service restoration with multiple objectives, the weighted sum strategy is employed to convert these objectives into a single objective function by giving equal weighting values. The transformer/feeders capacity in the post-fault distribution network creates a major problem for the electrical power distribution engineers and distribution system substation operators to satisfy the operational constraints at the consumer localities while restoring power supply. The feasibility of the developed algorithm for service restoration demonstrated on several distribution networks with fast and effective convergence of the results of this technique helps to find the efficient operational planning of the EPDS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

针对配电系统的高效运行规划问题，提出了一种遗传算法多目标求解方法。服务恢复是一个非线性、组合、非微分和多目标优化问题，通常有大量的候选解需要算子来评估。针对多目标服务恢复问题，采用加权和策略，通过赋予相等的权重值，将多个目标转化为单个目标函数。故障后配电网中变压器/馈线的容量如何在满足用户地运行约束的同时恢复供电，是配电工程师和配电系统变电站操作人员面临的主要问题。在多个配电网上验证了该算法的可行性，其结果的快速有效收敛有助于找到EPDS的高效运行规划。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 5

A new game theory-based solution methodology for generation maintenance strategy 一种新的基于博弈论的发电维护策略求解方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.208

D. Jia, Haozhong Cheng, Wenjun Zhang, Zechun Hu, Jianyong Yan, Ming Chen

A new maintenance scheduling of generating units (MSU) game in competitive electricity markets is presented to analyze strategic behaviors of generating companies (Gencos). The payoff of each player comprises the revenues from the energy auction market, production cost, maintenance cost, and risk loss over the horizon, which involves the compensation fee of interruptible load and the forced outage of generator. A simplified offer price methodology and a stochastic programming one are adopted to determine player's optimal bidding strategies for the day-ahead market, whose trends of game result are similar. The maximal payoff of each Genco is obtained by tabu search algorithm. The solutions of non-equilibrium, unique equilibrium, and multiple equilibria are coordinated. Numerical results for a two-Genco system and a realistic system are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

为了分析发电企业的战略行为，提出了一种新的电力市场竞争条件下发电机组维护计划博弈。每个参与者的收益包括能源拍卖市场的收益、生产成本、维护成本和短期风险损失，其中包括可中断负荷的补偿费用和发电机的强制停机。采用简化报价法和随机规划法确定了博弈结果趋势相似的日前市场上参与人的最优竞价策略。通过禁忌搜索算法获得各发电机组的最大收益。对非平衡解、唯一平衡解和多重平衡解进行了协调。最后，对一个双热电系统和一个实际系统的数值结果进行了验证。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 19

Optimal measurement placement for security constrained state estimation using hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing 基于混合遗传算法和模拟退火的安全约束状态估计的最优测量布置

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.204

T. Kerdchuen, W. Ongsakul

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing (HGS) for solving optimal measurement placement for power system state estimation. Even though the minimum number of measurement pairs is N considering the single measurement loss, their positions are required to make the system observable. HGS algorithm is a genetic algorithm (GA) using the acceptance criterion of simulated annealing (SA) for chromosome selection. The Pδ observable concept is used to check the network observability with and without single measurement pair loss contingency and single branch outage. Test results of 10-bus, IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118-bus systems indicate that HGS is superior to tabu search (TS), GA, and SA in terms of higher frequency of the best hit and faster computational time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文提出了一种混合遗传算法和模拟退火算法来求解电力系统状态估计的最优测量位置问题。尽管考虑到单次测量损耗，最小测量对数为N，但为了使系统可观测，它们的位置是必需的。HGS算法是一种采用模拟退火(SA)接受准则进行染色体选择的遗传算法。采用Pδ可观察性的概念来检验有无单测量对损失偶然性和单支路中断情况下的网络可观察性。在10总线、IEEE 14、30、57和118总线系统上的测试结果表明，HGS在最佳命中频率更高和计算时间更快方面优于禁忌搜索(TS)、GA和SA。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 9

Probabilistic approach to voltage stability analysis with load uncertainty considered 考虑负荷不确定性的电压稳定分析的概率方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.207

Bei Wu, Yan Zhang, M. J. Chen

This paper proposes a new probabilistic assessment algorithm of voltage stability based on Monte-Carlo simulation and modal analysis considering uncertainty of the load level and load parameters. By Monte-Carlo sampling, the bus load level is determined according to the forecasted bus load curve of a research period. The coefficients of the load polynomials, which include induction motors, are treated as random variables with normal distribution. A technique of normal distribution sampling is utilized to simulate these coefficients uncertainty. Voltage stability is evaluated in the form of indices such as the expected maximum loadability and the statistics of system participations, which are obtained from modal analysis near the point of collapse. A case study of the IEEE 118-node system is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm, and the effects of load uncertainty and the proportion of motors on probabilistic assessment of voltage stability are investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

考虑到负荷水平和负荷参数的不确定性，提出了一种基于蒙特卡罗模拟和模态分析的电压稳定性概率评估算法。通过蒙特卡罗抽样，根据预测的某一研究时段的公交负荷曲线确定公交负荷水平。将含异步电动机的负载多项式系数作为正态分布的随机变量处理。采用正态分布抽样技术模拟这些系数的不确定性。通过对系统崩溃点附近的模态分析，得到系统最大负荷期望值和系统参与统计量等指标，对系统的电压稳定性进行了评价。以IEEE 118节点系统为例，验证了该算法的有效性，并研究了负载不确定性和电机比例对电压稳定概率评估的影响。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 12

New formulation and analysis of the system planning expansion model 新的系统规划可拓模型的制定与分析

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.210

A. Sadegheih

In this paper, an electrical power transmission network planning expansion is formulated for mixed-integer programming, a genetic algorithm and tabu search (TS). Compared with other optimisation methods, GA's are suitable for traversing large search spaces since they can do this relatively rapidly and because the use of mutation diverts the method away from local minima, which will tend to become more common as the search space increases in size. GA's give an excellent trade-off between solution quality and computing time and flexibility for taking into account specific constraints in real situations. TS has emerged as a new, highly efficient, search paradigm for finding quality solutions to combinatorial problems. It is characterised by gathering knowledge during the search, and subsequently profiting from this knowledge. The attractiveness of the technique comes from its ability to escape local optimality. The cost function of this problem consists of the capital investment cost in discrete form, the cost of transmission losses and the power generation costs. The DC load flow equations for the network are embedded in the constraints of the mathematical model to avoid sub-optimal solutions that can arise if the enforcement of such constraints is done in an indirect way. The solution of the model gives the best line additions, and also provides information regarding the optimal generation at each generation point. This method of solution is demonstrated on the expansion of a 10 bus-bar system to 18 bus-bars. Finally, an empirical analysis of the effects of parameter values on genetic algorithm performance is tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文采用混合整数规划、遗传算法和禁忌搜索，建立了输电网规划扩展模型。与其他优化方法相比，遗传算法适合遍历大型搜索空间，因为它们可以相对快速地完成此操作，并且由于使用突变使方法远离局部最小值，这将随着搜索空间大小的增加而变得更加普遍。遗传算法在解决方案质量、计算时间和考虑实际情况中特定约束的灵活性之间给出了一个很好的权衡。TS已经成为一种新的、高效的搜索范式，用于寻找组合问题的高质量解决方案。它的特点是在搜索过程中收集知识，然后从这些知识中获利。该技术的吸引力来自于它能够避免局部最优性。该问题的成本函数包括离散形式的资本投资成本、输电损耗成本和发电成本。网络的直流负荷流方程被嵌入到数学模型的约束中，以避免在以间接方式执行这些约束时可能出现的次优解。该模型的解给出了最佳的线加法，并提供了关于每个生成点的最优生成的信息。通过将一个10母线系统扩展到18母线系统，验证了这种解法。最后，对参数值对遗传算法性能的影响进行了实证分析。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 7

Dynamic COI‐tracking concept for the control of generators in multi‐machine power systems 用于多机电力系统中发电机控制的动态COI跟踪概念

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.163

Z. Lan, D. Gan, Libao Shi, Y. Ni, T. Bi

In the conventional excitation control concept, the power angle and frequency of a generator are driven to a pre-designed operation point after the fault occurs. It is named as Constant Point Stabilization (CPS) concept in this paper. A novel concept, called dynamic Center of Inertia (COI)-tracking concept is proposed in this paper. In the concept, the power angle and frequency of each generator track the dynamic COI of the power system. Compared to CPS concept, a salient feature the suggested dynamic COI-tracking concept has is that the generators are not restricted to constant angle point or frequency any longer but track the dynamic COI trajectory of the system to keep synchronous in rotor angle and frequency. Wide area measurement system (WAMS) will be used to transform COI signals to each generator. The time delay within a certain limit of WAMS signals is permitted. To make comparison between the two concepts, the control system models based on the two concepts are first established. Then, using the back-stepping method, two robust controllers are designed to achieve the control objectives of the two concepts. At last, dynamic simulations are carried out based on a 2-area-4-machine test power system, and the control effects of the two controllers, together with that of the conventional AVR + PSS excitation system, are compared. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

在传统的励磁控制概念中，故障发生后，发电机的功率角和频率被驱动到预先设计的工作点。本文将其命名为恒点稳定(CPS)概念。提出了一个新的概念——动态惯性中心(COI)跟踪概念。在该概念中，每台发电机的功率角和频率跟踪电力系统的动态COI。与CPS概念相比，所提出的动态COI跟踪概念的一个显著特点是发电机不再局限于恒定的角度点或频率，而是跟踪系统的动态COI轨迹以保持转子角度和频率的同步。广域测量系统(WAMS)将用于将COI信号转换到每个发生器。WAMS信号的延时在一定范围内是允许的。为了对这两个概念进行比较，首先建立了基于这两个概念的控制系统模型。然后，利用反推法设计了两个鲁棒控制器来实现这两个概念的控制目标。最后，基于2区4机试验电力系统进行了动态仿真，对比了两种控制器的控制效果，并与传统的AVR + PSS励磁系统进行了对比。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 8

Wavelet‐based approach for high impedance fault detection of high voltage transmission line 基于小波的高压输电线路高阻抗故障检测方法

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.169

T. Nengling, C. Jiajia

This paper presents a new method for high impedance single-phase ground fault (HIF) detection based on wavelet transform (WT) in the high voltage transmission line. As high impedance single-phase ground faults usually have low fault currents, it cannot be easily detected by the conventional protection. The voltages and currents vary simultaneously when a ground fault occurs in the transmission lines, even if it is grounded with a high impedance. Therefore, the signals measured by the protective device contain significant transient components. They have much more fault information than the steady components. With the WT the modulus maxima of the zero sequence current, the faulted phase current, and the zero sequence voltage present special characteristics which can be used to detect HIF. The new scheme can also discriminate if the ground fault locates in the forward zone or the backward zone. The realization of the proposed protection device is also described in this paper. Both simulation and field results show that the scheme can detect HIF with high reliability during all operating conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

提出了一种基于小波变换的高压输电线路高阻抗单相接地故障检测新方法。由于高阻抗单相接地故障的故障电流通常很小，传统的保护方法很难检测到。当传输线发生接地故障时，即使采用高阻抗接地，电压和电流也会同时变化。因此，保护装置测得的信号中含有重要的瞬态成分。它们比稳定元件有更多的故障信息。在小波变换中，零序电流、故障相电流和零序电压的模极大值呈现出特殊的特征，可以用来检测高频励磁。该方案还能区分出接地故障是位于前向区还是后向区。本文还介绍了所提出的保护装置的实现。仿真和现场实验结果表明，该方案在各种工况下都能以较高的可靠性检测出HIF。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 14

UPFC sizing by means of an economically correct secure economic dispatch in a deregulated power market scenario 在解除管制的电力市场情景下，通过经济正确的安全经济调度来确定UPFC的规模

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.166

D. Menniti, A. Pinnarelli, N. Scordino, N. Sorrentino

In a deregulated power market scenario, the Independent System Operator (ISO) main problem is how to minimize the power system insecurity risk. To face this problem, in previous papers, assuming the insecurity risk as a part of the global cost, a model named Economically correct Secure Economic Dispatch (EcSED) has been proposed by the authors. Further, the EcSED has been improved considering the presence of an Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) device in the transmission network. In this paper, by means of an enhanced formulation of the improved EcSED, the size of an UPFC is determined, by including the UPFC investment cost within the objective function. Indeed, an UPFC installed in the transmission network may minimize the insecurity risk, hence the global cost, although its usage implies an expense, function of the size of the device itself. Some numerical experiments on a 5-bus test system are also reported, to prove the effectiveness of the enhanced EcSED model formulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

在解除管制的电力市场情景下，独立系统运营商(ISO)面临的主要问题是如何将电力系统的不安全风险最小化。针对这一问题，在前人的研究中，作者将不安全风险作为全局成本的一部分，提出了一种经济正确的安全经济调度模型。此外，考虑到传输网络中统一潮流控制器(UPFC)设备的存在，EcSED得到了改进。在本文中，通过改进的EcSED的改进公式，通过将UPFC投资成本纳入目标函数来确定UPFC的规模。事实上，安装在传输网络中的UPFC可以最大限度地降低不安全风险，从而降低全球成本，尽管它的使用意味着费用，设备本身的大小的函数。本文还报道了在5总线测试系统上的一些数值实验，以证明改进的EcSED模型公式的有效性。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 4

Short‐term scheduling of thermal units: emission constraints and trade‐off curves 热机组的短期调度:排放约束和权衡曲线

European Transactions on Electrical Power

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ETEP.148

J. Catalão, S. Mariano, V. Mendes, L. Ferreira

This paper provides an approach to short-term scheduling of thermal units, designed to simultaneously address the economic issue of the fuel cost incurred on the commitment of the units and the environmental consideration due to emission allowance trading. The simultaneous address of the fuel cost with the emission is modeled by a multi-objective optimization problem, which is solved by a combination of the weighted sum method with the e-constraining method. A numerical example for different values of a scaling factor is considered in order to obtain the non-dominated solutions of the trade-off curve between fuel cost and emission. Our approach presents a new parameter, ratio of change, and the corresponding gradient angle, to enable the proper selection of a compromise commitment for the units. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文提出了一种热电机组的短期调度方法，旨在同时解决机组承诺产生的燃料成本的经济性问题和排放权交易带来的环境考虑。采用多目标优化问题对燃油成本和排放的同时寻址进行建模，采用加权和法和e约束法相结合的方法进行求解。为了得到燃料成本与排放权衡曲线的非支配解，考虑了不同比例因子值的数值算例。我们的方法提出了一个新的参数，变化率和相应的梯度角，以使单元能够正确选择折衷承诺。版权所有©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 62

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