Gracious M. Diiro, D. Kawooya, Travis J. Lybbert, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent
Policies and institutions shape the incentives that influence innovation, technology adoption and productivity. We characterise the robusta coffee planting material pipeline in Uganda that connects upstream innovation in improved germplasm to downstream coffee producers. A nationally representative survey of coffee nursery operators reveals poor and heterogeneous production practices, potentially reflecting shifting policy priorities. The majority of smallholder coffee farmers consequently get inferior, disease-prone seedlings—thereby locking in decades of continued low productivity. Given Uganda’s ambition to drastically increase coffee production, detecting, understanding and addressing these problems should be a top priority as a prerequisite to effective agricultural policy and enhanced productivity.
{"title":"Upstream innovation leakage in Uganda’s coffee planting material pipeline","authors":"Gracious M. Diiro, D. Kawooya, Travis J. Lybbert, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Policies and institutions shape the incentives that influence innovation, technology adoption and productivity. We characterise the robusta coffee planting material pipeline in Uganda that connects upstream innovation in improved germplasm to downstream coffee producers. A nationally representative survey of coffee nursery operators reveals poor and heterogeneous production practices, potentially reflecting shifting policy priorities. The majority of smallholder coffee farmers consequently get inferior, disease-prone seedlings—thereby locking in decades of continued low productivity. Given Uganda’s ambition to drastically increase coffee production, detecting, understanding and addressing these problems should be a top priority as a prerequisite to effective agricultural policy and enhanced productivity.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We test the assumption that bidders in farmland auctions have private valuations, a necessary condition for auction efficiency. We apply the test of Haile et al. (2003) to farmland auctions in Eastern Germany covering the price boom 2007–2020. To disentangle valuations from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we develop a new approach relying on professional appraisals of the land. Based on our rich identification strategy, validation and robustness checks, we reject pure private valuations. We conclude that the presence of a common value in bidders’ valuations is very likely resulting in potentially inefficient land privatisation auctions and a winner’s curse.
{"title":"Is there a risk of a winner’s curse in farmland auctions?","authors":"S. Seifert, S. Hüttel","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We test the assumption that bidders in farmland auctions have private valuations, a necessary condition for auction efficiency. We apply the test of Haile et al. (2003) to farmland auctions in Eastern Germany covering the price boom 2007–2020. To disentangle valuations from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we develop a new approach relying on professional appraisals of the land. Based on our rich identification strategy, validation and robustness checks, we reject pure private valuations. We conclude that the presence of a common value in bidders’ valuations is very likely resulting in potentially inefficient land privatisation auctions and a winner’s curse.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46691971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorraine Balaine, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, C. Buckley
This article examines pathways among farmers’ extension participation, the uptake of recommended farm management practices and economic and environmental sustainability. We explore the ‘win-win’, efficiency-based focus of the Irish hybrid extension programme using an unbalanced panel dataset of dairy farms from 2010 to 2019. We apply two-way fixed effects regression models and sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our results to effect heterogeneity and omitted variable bias. Our findings reveal that extension participation has a limited association with the adoption of recommended practices. These practices might be associated with economic benefits, while their environmental effects are not evident. Additionally, extension participation is not found to have a direct association with sustainability outcomes. These findings have important implications for extension programmes that focus on economic and environmental outcomes.
{"title":"Extension and management pathways for enhanced farm sustainability: evidence from Irish dairy farms","authors":"Lorraine Balaine, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, C. Buckley","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines pathways among farmers’ extension participation, the uptake of recommended farm management practices and economic and environmental sustainability. We explore the ‘win-win’, efficiency-based focus of the Irish hybrid extension programme using an unbalanced panel dataset of dairy farms from 2010 to 2019. We apply two-way fixed effects regression models and sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our results to effect heterogeneity and omitted variable bias. Our findings reveal that extension participation has a limited association with the adoption of recommended practices. These practices might be associated with economic benefits, while their environmental effects are not evident. Additionally, extension participation is not found to have a direct association with sustainability outcomes. These findings have important implications for extension programmes that focus on economic and environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We shed light on Florida citrus growers’ decisions regarding their adoption of scientifically untested antibiotic sprays over insecticide spray coordination for dealing with the devastating impact of a pernicious plant disease. Using data from a framed field economic experiment, we examine growers’ preferences towards two types of uncertain outcomes, the first resulting from a game against nature and the second involving strategic interaction. We find evidence that, on average, growers prefer the game against nature. Moreover, we find that they prefer such a game even for ranges over which the game involving strategic interaction has a higher likelihood of success. The results and insights we obtain help better understand growers’ preferences over different types of uncertainty, which can play a key role in their technology adoption decisions. Our findings should be useful for policymakers to realise the implications of allowing the use of uncertain technologies and the detrimental impact they can have in dealing with issues that involve externalities such as those present in pest and disease management.
{"title":"The source of uncertainty influences technology adoption","authors":"A. Singerman, S. Lence","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We shed light on Florida citrus growers’ decisions regarding their adoption of scientifically untested antibiotic sprays over insecticide spray coordination for dealing with the devastating impact of a pernicious plant disease. Using data from a framed field economic experiment, we examine growers’ preferences towards two types of uncertain outcomes, the first resulting from a game against nature and the second involving strategic interaction. We find evidence that, on average, growers prefer the game against nature. Moreover, we find that they prefer such a game even for ranges over which the game involving strategic interaction has a higher likelihood of success. The results and insights we obtain help better understand growers’ preferences over different types of uncertainty, which can play a key role in their technology adoption decisions. Our findings should be useful for policymakers to realise the implications of allowing the use of uncertain technologies and the detrimental impact they can have in dealing with issues that involve externalities such as those present in pest and disease management.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Robust nonparametric analysis of dynamic profits, prices and productivity: An application to French meat-processing firms","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on tariff evasion in agriculture. We find that sanitary and phytosanitary standard measure of tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances significantly reduces tariff evasion. We also find that this dampening impact occurs via price underreporting rather than quantity underreporting or product misclassification. Heterogeneous analysis shows that this impact exists for developing countries but not for developed countries. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for NTMs’ impacts on tariff evasion in agricultural trade policy analysis.
{"title":"Tariff evasion in agriculture: the role of non-tariff measures","authors":"Xi He","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on tariff evasion in agriculture. We find that sanitary and phytosanitary standard measure of tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances significantly reduces tariff evasion. We also find that this dampening impact occurs via price underreporting rather than quantity underreporting or product misclassification. Heterogeneous analysis shows that this impact exists for developing countries but not for developed countries. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for NTMs’ impacts on tariff evasion in agricultural trade policy analysis.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. De Marchi, A. Cavaliere, F. Pucillo, A. Banterle, Rodolfo M. Nayga
The European Union (EU) food market is characterised by the presence of several front-of-pack nutrition labels (FOPLs), some of which have only been introduced lately. While the EU Commission proposed to harmonise and possibly mandate the use of FOPLs, agreement on which label to adopt has not been reached. This review explores the main issues related to the adoption of FOPLs from both the demand-side and the supply-side perspective with the aim of providing an updated evidence-based road map for the development of future studies that can contribute to extend scientific evidence and guide future food policies.
{"title":"Dynamics of demand-side and supply-side responses to front-of-pack nutrition labels: a narrative review","authors":"E. De Marchi, A. Cavaliere, F. Pucillo, A. Banterle, Rodolfo M. Nayga","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The European Union (EU) food market is characterised by the presence of several front-of-pack nutrition labels (FOPLs), some of which have only been introduced lately. While the EU Commission proposed to harmonise and possibly mandate the use of FOPLs, agreement on which label to adopt has not been reached. This review explores the main issues related to the adoption of FOPLs from both the demand-side and the supply-side perspective with the aim of providing an updated evidence-based road map for the development of future studies that can contribute to extend scientific evidence and guide future food policies.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appropriately considering adjustment costs, this paper develops a robust nonparametric framework to analyse profits, prices and productivity in a dynamic context. Dynamic profit change is decomposed into a dynamic Bennet price indicator and a dynamic Bennet quantity indicator. The latter is decomposed into explanatory factors. It is shown to be a superlative indicator for the dynamic Luenberger indicator. The application focuses on 1,638 observations of French meat-processing firms for the years 2012–2019. Using m-out-of-n bootstrapped data envelopment analysis, we obtain robust estimates and confidence intervals. The components of dynamic productivity growth fluctuate substantially. However, these fluctuations are often statistically insignificant.
{"title":"Robust nonparametric analysis of dynamic profits, prices and productivity: An application to French meat-processing firms","authors":"Frederic Ang, Pieter Jan Kerstens","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac029","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriately considering adjustment costs, this paper develops a robust nonparametric framework to analyse profits, prices and productivity in a dynamic context. Dynamic profit change is decomposed into a dynamic Bennet price indicator and a dynamic Bennet quantity indicator. The latter is decomposed into explanatory factors. It is shown to be a superlative indicator for the dynamic Luenberger indicator. The application focuses on 1,638 observations of French meat-processing firms for the years 2012–2019. Using m-out-of-n bootstrapped data envelopment analysis, we obtain robust estimates and confidence intervals. The components of dynamic productivity growth fluctuate substantially. However, these fluctuations are often statistically insignificant.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanyuan Yi, Fredrik Carlsson, Gunnar Köhlin, Jintao Xu
This paper evaluates whether the devolution reform of forestland to household management improves allocative efficiency and household welfare through participation in forestland rental markets. Using a household panel dataset from three Chinese provinces, we find positive effects of the emerging forestland rental markets: with the reform, forestland was transferred to forestland-constrained and labour-rich households and households with higher levels of productivity in forestry. Participation in forestland rental markets increases household per-capita income and decreases the likelihood of income falling below the poverty line. We do not find any support for forestland captured by land-richer, wealthier, larger or powerful households.
{"title":"Allocative efficiency or misallocation of resources? The emergence of forestland rental markets and the forest devolution reform in China","authors":"Yuanyuan Yi, Fredrik Carlsson, Gunnar Köhlin, Jintao Xu","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates whether the devolution reform of forestland to household management improves allocative efficiency and household welfare through participation in forestland rental markets. Using a household panel dataset from three Chinese provinces, we find positive effects of the emerging forestland rental markets: with the reform, forestland was transferred to forestland-constrained and labour-rich households and households with higher levels of productivity in forestry. Participation in forestland rental markets increases household per-capita income and decreases the likelihood of income falling below the poverty line. We do not find any support for forestland captured by land-richer, wealthier, larger or powerful households.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":"123 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Varacca, L. Arata, Elena Castellari, P. Sckokai
The Common Agricultural Policy reform 2013–2020 has conditioned 30 per cent of the direct payments to greening requirements. Our study investigates whether one of these requirements, the ecological focus area (EFA) obligation, has led to environmental improvements while preserving farms’ economic sustainability. We apply a regression discontinuity design approach on a sample of Italian arable crop farms. Our results suggest that the EFA requirement has no significant effects on farms’ application of fertilisers, pesticide expenditure, crop diversification or economic performance. However, farmers reacted to the EFA requirement by changing their crop mix, mostly by increasing their share of leguminous crops.
{"title":"Does CAP greening affect farms’ economic and environmental performances? A regression discontinuity design analysis","authors":"A. Varacca, L. Arata, Elena Castellari, P. Sckokai","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Common Agricultural Policy reform 2013–2020 has conditioned 30 per cent of the direct payments to greening requirements. Our study investigates whether one of these requirements, the ecological focus area (EFA) obligation, has led to environmental improvements while preserving farms’ economic sustainability. We apply a regression discontinuity design approach on a sample of Italian arable crop farms. Our results suggest that the EFA requirement has no significant effects on farms’ application of fertilisers, pesticide expenditure, crop diversification or economic performance. However, farmers reacted to the EFA requirement by changing their crop mix, mostly by increasing their share of leguminous crops.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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