Martin Paul Jr. Tabe-Ojong, Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo, Bisrat Haile Gebrekidan
Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risks rolling back many of the efforts and global successes recorded in reducing poverty and food insecurity. We undertake a systematic search and review of the growing microeconomic literature on the association between COVID-19 and food insecurity in Africa, discussing its implications for food policy and research. Furthermore, we review the various coping strategies households employ to build resilience to COVID-19. The evidence indicates that COVID-19 is associated with an increase in food insecurity both ex-ante and ex-durante. Given the covariate nature of COVID-19 and associated control mechanisms, current evidence is short of providing clear causal learning. We provide some potential interesting areas where future efforts can be geared to improve learning on the relationship between COVID-19, food insecurity, and building resilience to shocks.
{"title":"COVID-19 and food insecurity in Africa: A review of the emerging empirical evidence","authors":"Martin Paul Jr. Tabe-Ojong, Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo, Bisrat Haile Gebrekidan","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risks rolling back many of the efforts and global successes recorded in reducing poverty and food insecurity. We undertake a systematic search and review of the growing microeconomic literature on the association between COVID-19 and food insecurity in Africa, discussing its implications for food policy and research. Furthermore, we review the various coping strategies households employ to build resilience to COVID-19. The evidence indicates that COVID-19 is associated with an increase in food insecurity both ex-ante and ex-durante. Given the covariate nature of COVID-19 and associated control mechanisms, current evidence is short of providing clear causal learning. We provide some potential interesting areas where future efforts can be geared to improve learning on the relationship between COVID-19, food insecurity, and building resilience to shocks.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135628714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents an innovative empirical application to the assessment of agri-environment measures on environmental and economic efficiency. Using a multi-equation representation with desirable technology and its accompanying undesirable by-production technology, we investigate the effects of agri-environment measures on farm-level environmental and economic efficiency. A combination of propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference approach is used to estimate the policy effect. The application focuses on a balanced sample of Bavarian dairy farms surveyed between 2013 and 2018. Results suggest that agri-environment schemes do not alter farms’ economic efficiency, whereas environmental efficiency does not seem to be stimulated by schemes participation.
{"title":"Do agri-environment measures help improve environmental and economic efficiency? Evidence from Bavarian dairy farmers","authors":"Amer Ait Sidhoum, P. Mennig, J. Sauer","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad007","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an innovative empirical application to the assessment of agri-environment measures on environmental and economic efficiency. Using a multi-equation representation with desirable technology and its accompanying undesirable by-production technology, we investigate the effects of agri-environment measures on farm-level environmental and economic efficiency. A combination of propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference approach is used to estimate the policy effect. The application focuses on a balanced sample of Bavarian dairy farms surveyed between 2013 and 2018. Results suggest that agri-environment schemes do not alter farms’ economic efficiency, whereas environmental efficiency does not seem to be stimulated by schemes participation.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rayner Tabetando, Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani, C. Ragasa, Aleksandr Michuda
This study explores the responses of rural land markets to rainfall shocks in Uganda and Kenya. This study matches the panel data on farm households with rainfall shocks constructed using high-resolution precipitation and temperature data. In both countries, access to credit plays a key role in defining households’ land market responses to rainfall shocks. Households with access to credit respond to rainfall shocks by acquiring more farmland through increased participation in land rental and sales markets. Pathway analyses suggest that exposure to rainfall shock has an impact on land rental prices. There is some evidence that similar to grain reserves and livestock, land markets can provide an avenue for households to respond to rainfall shocks.
{"title":"Land market responses to weather shocks: evidence from rural Uganda and Kenya","authors":"Rayner Tabetando, Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani, C. Ragasa, Aleksandr Michuda","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the responses of rural land markets to rainfall shocks in Uganda and Kenya. This study matches the panel data on farm households with rainfall shocks constructed using high-resolution precipitation and temperature data. In both countries, access to credit plays a key role in defining households’ land market responses to rainfall shocks. Households with access to credit respond to rainfall shocks by acquiring more farmland through increased participation in land rental and sales markets. Pathway analyses suggest that exposure to rainfall shock has an impact on land rental prices. There is some evidence that similar to grain reserves and livestock, land markets can provide an avenue for households to respond to rainfall shocks.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyse the signalling effect of a strategy known as eponymy whereby owners integrate their name into the company name. Using microdata from German food processors, we find that eponymous companies generate 2.8 per cent-points higher return on assets, which implies additional yearly profits of €253,000 for a median-sized company. The eponymy effect increases with ownership concentration, indicating that the more control an owner holds over the company, the stronger the signalling. Long names ranking low in the alphabetical order mitigate the effect. This study applies a novel approach to investigate the causal effect of firm naming and thus has implications for food processors.
{"title":"Firm names and profitability in German food processing","authors":"S. Hirsch, Murad Khalilov, T. Dalhaus, A. Mishra","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We analyse the signalling effect of a strategy known as eponymy whereby owners integrate their name into the company name. Using microdata from German food processors, we find that eponymous companies generate 2.8 per cent-points higher return on assets, which implies additional yearly profits of €253,000 for a median-sized company. The eponymy effect increases with ownership concentration, indicating that the more control an owner holds over the company, the stronger the signalling. Long names ranking low in the alphabetical order mitigate the effect. This study applies a novel approach to investigate the causal effect of firm naming and thus has implications for food processors.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42015455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gracious M. Diiro, D. Kawooya, Travis J. Lybbert, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent
Policies and institutions shape the incentives that influence innovation, technology adoption and productivity. We characterise the robusta coffee planting material pipeline in Uganda that connects upstream innovation in improved germplasm to downstream coffee producers. A nationally representative survey of coffee nursery operators reveals poor and heterogeneous production practices, potentially reflecting shifting policy priorities. The majority of smallholder coffee farmers consequently get inferior, disease-prone seedlings—thereby locking in decades of continued low productivity. Given Uganda’s ambition to drastically increase coffee production, detecting, understanding and addressing these problems should be a top priority as a prerequisite to effective agricultural policy and enhanced productivity.
{"title":"Upstream innovation leakage in Uganda’s coffee planting material pipeline","authors":"Gracious M. Diiro, D. Kawooya, Travis J. Lybbert, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Policies and institutions shape the incentives that influence innovation, technology adoption and productivity. We characterise the robusta coffee planting material pipeline in Uganda that connects upstream innovation in improved germplasm to downstream coffee producers. A nationally representative survey of coffee nursery operators reveals poor and heterogeneous production practices, potentially reflecting shifting policy priorities. The majority of smallholder coffee farmers consequently get inferior, disease-prone seedlings—thereby locking in decades of continued low productivity. Given Uganda’s ambition to drastically increase coffee production, detecting, understanding and addressing these problems should be a top priority as a prerequisite to effective agricultural policy and enhanced productivity.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We test the assumption that bidders in farmland auctions have private valuations, a necessary condition for auction efficiency. We apply the test of Haile et al. (2003) to farmland auctions in Eastern Germany covering the price boom 2007–2020. To disentangle valuations from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we develop a new approach relying on professional appraisals of the land. Based on our rich identification strategy, validation and robustness checks, we reject pure private valuations. We conclude that the presence of a common value in bidders’ valuations is very likely resulting in potentially inefficient land privatisation auctions and a winner’s curse.
{"title":"Is there a risk of a winner’s curse in farmland auctions?","authors":"S. Seifert, S. Hüttel","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We test the assumption that bidders in farmland auctions have private valuations, a necessary condition for auction efficiency. We apply the test of Haile et al. (2003) to farmland auctions in Eastern Germany covering the price boom 2007–2020. To disentangle valuations from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we develop a new approach relying on professional appraisals of the land. Based on our rich identification strategy, validation and robustness checks, we reject pure private valuations. We conclude that the presence of a common value in bidders’ valuations is very likely resulting in potentially inefficient land privatisation auctions and a winner’s curse.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46691971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorraine Balaine, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, C. Buckley
This article examines pathways among farmers’ extension participation, the uptake of recommended farm management practices and economic and environmental sustainability. We explore the ‘win-win’, efficiency-based focus of the Irish hybrid extension programme using an unbalanced panel dataset of dairy farms from 2010 to 2019. We apply two-way fixed effects regression models and sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our results to effect heterogeneity and omitted variable bias. Our findings reveal that extension participation has a limited association with the adoption of recommended practices. These practices might be associated with economic benefits, while their environmental effects are not evident. Additionally, extension participation is not found to have a direct association with sustainability outcomes. These findings have important implications for extension programmes that focus on economic and environmental outcomes.
{"title":"Extension and management pathways for enhanced farm sustainability: evidence from Irish dairy farms","authors":"Lorraine Balaine, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, C. Buckley","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines pathways among farmers’ extension participation, the uptake of recommended farm management practices and economic and environmental sustainability. We explore the ‘win-win’, efficiency-based focus of the Irish hybrid extension programme using an unbalanced panel dataset of dairy farms from 2010 to 2019. We apply two-way fixed effects regression models and sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our results to effect heterogeneity and omitted variable bias. Our findings reveal that extension participation has a limited association with the adoption of recommended practices. These practices might be associated with economic benefits, while their environmental effects are not evident. Additionally, extension participation is not found to have a direct association with sustainability outcomes. These findings have important implications for extension programmes that focus on economic and environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We shed light on Florida citrus growers’ decisions regarding their adoption of scientifically untested antibiotic sprays over insecticide spray coordination for dealing with the devastating impact of a pernicious plant disease. Using data from a framed field economic experiment, we examine growers’ preferences towards two types of uncertain outcomes, the first resulting from a game against nature and the second involving strategic interaction. We find evidence that, on average, growers prefer the game against nature. Moreover, we find that they prefer such a game even for ranges over which the game involving strategic interaction has a higher likelihood of success. The results and insights we obtain help better understand growers’ preferences over different types of uncertainty, which can play a key role in their technology adoption decisions. Our findings should be useful for policymakers to realise the implications of allowing the use of uncertain technologies and the detrimental impact they can have in dealing with issues that involve externalities such as those present in pest and disease management.
{"title":"The source of uncertainty influences technology adoption","authors":"A. Singerman, S. Lence","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We shed light on Florida citrus growers’ decisions regarding their adoption of scientifically untested antibiotic sprays over insecticide spray coordination for dealing with the devastating impact of a pernicious plant disease. Using data from a framed field economic experiment, we examine growers’ preferences towards two types of uncertain outcomes, the first resulting from a game against nature and the second involving strategic interaction. We find evidence that, on average, growers prefer the game against nature. Moreover, we find that they prefer such a game even for ranges over which the game involving strategic interaction has a higher likelihood of success. The results and insights we obtain help better understand growers’ preferences over different types of uncertainty, which can play a key role in their technology adoption decisions. Our findings should be useful for policymakers to realise the implications of allowing the use of uncertain technologies and the detrimental impact they can have in dealing with issues that involve externalities such as those present in pest and disease management.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Robust nonparametric analysis of dynamic profits, prices and productivity: An application to French meat-processing firms","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on tariff evasion in agriculture. We find that sanitary and phytosanitary standard measure of tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances significantly reduces tariff evasion. We also find that this dampening impact occurs via price underreporting rather than quantity underreporting or product misclassification. Heterogeneous analysis shows that this impact exists for developing countries but not for developed countries. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for NTMs’ impacts on tariff evasion in agricultural trade policy analysis.
{"title":"Tariff evasion in agriculture: the role of non-tariff measures","authors":"Xi He","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on tariff evasion in agriculture. We find that sanitary and phytosanitary standard measure of tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances significantly reduces tariff evasion. We also find that this dampening impact occurs via price underreporting rather than quantity underreporting or product misclassification. Heterogeneous analysis shows that this impact exists for developing countries but not for developed countries. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for NTMs’ impacts on tariff evasion in agricultural trade policy analysis.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136082853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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