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Digital futures in mind: Why lived experience collaboration must guide digital mental health technologies 心中的数字未来:为什么必须以生活体验合作指导数字心理健康技术?
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.355
Kellie Gilbert, Ian Muchamore, Simon Katterl, Hayley Purdon, Andy Allen, Ingrid Ozols, Piers Gooding
Digital mental health technologies and services are here. More are coming. Such technologies and services present both risks and opportunities. At their best, they may enhance the most humane, communal and caring parts of our social systems and communities. At their worst, they may reinforce reductionist approaches to distress and crisis, increase surveillance and control, as well as extracting data and wealth from people seeking care. In this paper, we argue that lived experience‐led governance and collaborative development of these technologies and services will enhance the best opportunities and mitigate against the biggest risks. This paper provides a commentary emerging from work by authors with lived experience, and those without, that explored accountability in digital mental health technologies and services. The commentary offers guidance to anyone interested in supporting lived experience‐led, and collaborative governance of, digital mental health technologies. This guidance, drawing on interdisciplinary and lived experience‐led research and grey literature, assists readers in understanding why collaboration should take place, when, where and with whom, on what issues this could start, and how collaborators should approach this.
数字心理健康技术和服务已经出现。更多的技术和服务正在到来。这些技术和服务既带来了风险,也带来了机遇。在最好的情况下,它们可能会增强我们的社会系统和社区中最人性化、社区化和充满关爱的部分。在最坏的情况下,它们可能会强化以还原论的方式来处理痛苦和危机,加强监视和控制,以及从寻求护理的人们那里获取数据和财富。在本文中,我们认为,以生活经验为主导的治理和这些技术与服务的合作开发将带来最好的机遇,并降低最大的风险。本文提供了一篇评论,该评论由具有和不具有生活经验的作者撰写,探讨了数字心理健康技术和服务中的责任问题。本评论为有志于支持以生活经验为主导的数字心理健康技术合作治理的人士提供指导。本指南借鉴了跨学科研究、以生活经验为主导的研究和灰色文献,帮助读者理解为什么要开展合作,何时、何地、与谁合作,合作可以从哪些问题开始,以及合作者应如何开展合作。
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引用次数: 0
“You're on your own, kid”: A critical analysis of Australian universities' international student mental health strategies "你得靠自己了,孩子":对澳大利亚大学留学生心理健康战略的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.349
M. Peterie, G. Ramia, Alex Broom, Isabella Choi, Matthew Brett, Leah Williams Veazey
Mental ill‐health is a serious and growing problem among university students in Australia. Within this cohort, international students are particularly vulnerable. International students in Australia have fewer social rights than domestic students and are at elevated risk of social isolation, exploitation in employment, precarious housing, financial insecurity, and racism and discrimination. When mental health challenges arise, international students are also less likely than their domestic counterparts to access support services. Against the backdrop of this escalating problem, this article presents a critical analysis of Australian universities' policy approaches to international student mental health. We ask: (a) How many universities have such policies publicly available, and (b) how do these policies understand and seek to address the problem of international student distress? Drawing on a documentary analysis of publicly available university mental health strategies, we find that—in the comparatively rare cases where such documents exist—international students' mental ill‐health is generally framed in these documents as an individual concern, placing the onus on individual students to develop “resilience” and/or seek out help. Leveraging theoretical insights concerning the collective production of (mental) health and illness, we caution that this individualisation of student distress naturalises and depoliticises the logics of financial exploitation and neglect that contribute to many international students' mental health problems to begin with.
在澳大利亚的大学生中,心理健康问题日益严重。其中,留学生尤为脆弱。与国内学生相比,澳大利亚留学生享有的社会权利较少,他们面临的社会孤立、就业剥削、住房不稳定、经济无保障、种族主义和歧视等风险也较高。当出现心理健康问题时,留学生获得支持服务的可能性也低于国内学生。在这一问题不断升级的背景下,本文对澳大利亚大学针对留学生心理健康的政策方针进行了批判性分析。我们要问:(a) 有多少大学公开发布了此类政策;(b) 这些政策是如何理解并设法解决留学生心理困扰问题的?通过对公开发布的大学心理健康策略的文献分析,我们发现,在这些文献中,留学生的心理健康问题通常被归结为个人问题,将培养 "抗压能力 "和/或寻求帮助的责任放在学生个人身上。利用有关集体制造(心理)健康和疾病的理论见解,我们提醒说,这种将学生的痛苦个人化的做法,使经济剥削和忽视的逻辑自然化和非政治化,而这些正是造成许多留学生心理健康问题的根源。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing employment barriers for humanitarian migrants: Perspectives from settlement services 解决人道主义移民的就业障碍:安置服务机构的观点
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.353
A. Renzaho, Kerry Woodward, Michael Polonsky, Julianne Abood, Julie Green
This research seeks to understand the challenges faced by settlement service providers (SSPs) in assisting humanitarian migrants to secure appropriate employment. In‐depth interviews with 26 SSPs identified that current impediments to facilitating humanitarian migrants' employment related to employment support programmes; settlement service partnerships; cultural appropriateness of services; employment readiness, experience, skills and knowledge; social support and networks; and limitations of funding and service agreements. While employment is recognised as key to effective settlement, the findings of this study show that employment services are not currently a focus of settlement services, that is, most employment services delivered by settlement services were coordinated as part of job preparedness or readiness programmes. The paper argues for government to ensure financial and human resources to enable SSPs to deliver services that can formally recognise and overcome barriers to humanitarian migrants' employment.
本研究旨在了解安置服务提供者(SSPs)在协助人道主义移民获得适当就业方面所面临的挑战。通过对 26 家 SSP 的深入访谈发现,目前促进人道主义移民就业的障碍涉及就业支持计划;安置服务合作伙伴关系;服务的文化适宜性;就业准备、经验、技能和知识;社会支持和网络;以及资金和服务协议的限制。虽然就业被认为是有效定居的关键,但本研究的结果表明,就业服务目前并不是定居服务的重点,也就是说,定居服务机构提供的大多数就业服务都是作为就业准备或就绪计划的一部分进行协调的。本文认为政府应确保财政和人力资源,使 SSP 能够提供服务,正式确认并克服人道主义移民的就业障碍。
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引用次数: 0
The Aspire Social Impact Bond: How social impact bond financing can promote positive social and economic outcomes 卓望社会影响债券:社会影响债券融资如何促进积极的社会和经济成果
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.354
V. Coram, Selina Tually, Leanne Lester, Michael Kyron, Paul R Flatau, Ian Goodwin‐Smith
Financing human service delivery through social impact bonds (SIBs) is the subject of some critical commentary in the academic literature, but this tends to be largely theoretical rather than empirically based. This paper presents empirical evidence of how SIB financing can promote positive social and economic outcomes for governments, not‐for‐profit providers, individual service beneficiaries and society more broadly. The paper presents some of the results of an evaluation of the Aspire SIB, which financed an innovative intensive case management program providing housing and wraparound supports over a 3‐year period for people experiencing chronic homelessness. Aspire participants experienced significantly improved outcomes and decreased service needs, delivering downstream cost savings across several areas of government service delivery. This paper describes how the SIB financing mechanism underpinned the success of Aspire by promoting flexible, collaborative, outcome‐focussed and data‐informed responses to a challenging, multi‐faceted social problem.
通过社会影响债券(SIBs)为人类服务提供融资是学术文献中一些批判性评论的主题,但这些评论大多是理论性的,而不是基于经验的。本文提供了实证证据,说明社会影响债券融资如何能为政府、非营利机构、个人服务受益者以及更广泛的社会促进积极的社会和经济成果。本文介绍了 Aspire SIB 项目的部分评估结果,该项目资助了一项创新的强化个案管理计划,在 3 年时间内为长期无家可归者提供住房和全方位支持。Aspire 项目的参与者在项目成果和服务需求方面都得到了显著改善,并在政府提供服务的多个领域实现了下游成本节约。本文介绍了 SIB 融资机制如何通过促进灵活、协作、注重成果和数据信息来应对具有挑战性的多方面社会问题,从而为 Aspire 项目的成功奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on making public policy (1977–1996) 关于制定公共政策的思考(1977-1996 年)
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.348
Brian Howe
Brian Howe was elected to the federal Parliament in 1977 as the Labor Member for Batman (now Cooper). Following the election of the Hawke Government in 1983 until his retirement from politics in 1996, Howe held several key social policy portfolios in both the Hawke and Keating Labor Governments, and was Deputy Prime Minister from 1991 to 1995. As a politician, Howe held a strong commitment to policy development and implementation. During his career as a Government Minister, he oversaw some of the most significant changes in social policy in Australian history. This article sets out his reflections on policymaking over this period.
布莱恩-豪于 1977 年当选为联邦议会蝙蝠侠(现库珀)工党议员。从 1983 年霍克政府当选到 1996 年退出政坛,豪在霍克和基廷工党政府中担任过多个重要的社会政策职务,并在 1991 年至 1995 年期间担任副总理。作为一名政治家,豪伊坚定地致力于政策的制定和实施。在担任政府部长期间,他监督了澳大利亚历史上社会政策的一些最重大变革。本文阐述了他对这一时期政策制定的思考。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing Indigenist Critical Policy Analysis: A rights‐based approach to analysing public policies and processes 介绍本土批判政策分析:分析公共政策和进程的基于权利的方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.350
Natalie Bryant
Institutional racism within Australia, grounded in the country's settler‐colonial structure, has sidelined Indigenous interests in public policymaking since federation. In an attempt to redress this, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was endorsed by the Australian government in 2009. UNDRIP is an authoritative international standard that could inform the ways that governments engage with Indigenous peoples and protect their rights. This paper introduces Indigenist Critical Policy Analysis (ICPA). While mainstream policy evaluation assesses whether policies and processes have met the governments stated objectives, ICPA assesses whether they uphold or violate Indigenous rights. ICPA involves reviewing policy documents against the key principles and specific Articles of UNDRIP. Presenting a worked example of ICPA, the NSW Regional Health Strategic Plan 2022–2032 is assessed against the five phases: (1) Orientation; (2) Close examination; (3) Determination; (4) Strengthening practice; and (5) Indigenous final word. This analysis finds that the Strategic Plan is poorly aligned with UNDRIP. Specifically, there is little evidence that Indigenous values influenced or held any authority in the process. ICPA offers a practical approach to analysing policy for compatibility with Indigenous rights under international law that could be used by Indigenous organisations and policymakers.
自联邦成立以来,基于澳大利亚定居者殖民结构的制度性种族主义,使土著利益在公共政策制定中处于边缘地位。为了纠正这一现象,澳大利亚政府于 2009 年批准了《联合国土著人民权利宣言》(UNDRIP)。联合国土著人民权利宣言》是一项权威性的国际标准,可为各国政府与土著人民接触并保护其权利提供参考。本文介绍土著批判政策分析 (ICPA)。主流政策评估是对政策和程序是否达到政府既定目标进行评估,而 ICPA 则是对政策和程序是否维护或侵犯土著权利进行评估。ICPA 包括根据《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的主要原则和具体条款审查政策文件。新南威尔士州《2022-2032 年地区卫生战略计划》是 ICPA 的一个实例,根据以下五个阶段进行评估:(1) 定向;(2) 仔细审查;(3) 确定;(4) 加强实践;(5) 土著定论。分析发现,《战略计划》与《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的一致性很差。具体而言,几乎没有证据表明土著价值观影响了这一进程或在这一进程中具有任何权威性。ICPA 提供了一种实用的方法来分析政策是否符合国际法规定的土著权利,可供土著组织和决策者使用。
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引用次数: 0
Varieties of digitalisation? A comparison of employment services digitalisation in the UK and Australia 数字化的多样性?英国和澳大利亚就业服务数字化比较
Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.339
Jo Ingold, Chris Forde, David Robertshaw
This article examines the digitalisation of employment services in the UK and Australia, countries that have been on similar policy trajectories with respect to the development of quasi‐markets and increased digitalisation. The article deploys comparative mixed methods comprising surveys of employment service providers and interviews with providers and technology developers in both countries to analyse the extent of, forms and challenges around digitalisation across both countries. The survey data analysis suggested considerable similarities in the UK and Australia regarding the drivers of digitalisation and the tasks which were digitalised. However, the interview data highlighted some differences between the two countries, including the persistence of face‐to‐face delivery in the UK compared with accelerated digitalisation in Australia. In both countries, there were clear differing motivations between stakeholder communities (policymakers and developers), which providers had to negotiate.
英国和澳大利亚在发展准市场和加强数字化方面有着相似的政策轨迹,本文研究了这两个国家的就业服务数字化情况。文章采用混合比较方法,包括对两国就业服务提供商的调查以及对提供商和技术开发人员的访谈,分析了两国数字化的程度、形式和挑战。调查数据分析显示,英国和澳大利亚在数字化的驱动因素和数字化的任务方面有相当多的相似之处。然而,访谈数据突出显示了两国之间的一些差异,包括英国坚持面对面提供服务,而澳大利亚则加快了数字化进程。在这两个国家,利益相关者群体(政策制定者和开发者)之间存在明显的动机差异,提供者必须对此进行协商。
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引用次数: 0
Unburdening care: Exploring modes of care through post‐productivist thought and Australian parliamentary inquiry representations 解除护理负担:通过后生产主义思想和澳大利亚议会调查表述探索护理模式
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.335
Chabel Khan
Research on care increasingly emphasises the “care‐less” or “uncaring” nature of state‐coordinated interventions imposed on marginalised communities. However, these perspectives tend to eliminate discussions about modes of care (Fox, Critical Social Policy, 15, 1995, 107) or the ways in which care is differentially experienced and performed. This paper argues for scholars to think multimodally about care, proposing a typology of four different modes of care: care‐as‐gift, ‐burden, ‐control and ‐cure. The paper makes a case for locating these modes of care within a post‐capitalist political horizon to respond to the demand to “unburden care.” That is, the political demand to provide the economic and social conditions that best enable caregiving and reduce gendered pressures on caregivers. The paper develops these arguments through the post‐productivist thought of Kathi Weeks (2011, The problem with work: feminism, marxism, antiwork politics, and postwork imaginaries. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press) and a critical discursive examination of care representations made by submitters to two parliamentary inquiries into the Australian “pre‐employment” programme ParentsNext—a labour market activation programme that targets single‐parent caregivers “at risk of welfare dependency.” The paper contributes a critical and multimodal approach to better conceptualise competing framings of care's value and the ways in which the state can (un)burden caregiving.
有关护理的研究越来越多地强调国家协调的干预措施强加给边缘化社区的 "无护理 "或 "不护理 "性质。然而,这些观点往往忽略了对照护模式的讨论(Fox, Critical Social Policy, 15, 1995, 107),也忽略了照护的不同体验和表现方式。本文主张学者们从多模式的角度思考照护问题,提出了四种不同照护模式的类型:照护--礼物、负担、控制和保护。本文主张将这些护理模式置于后资本主义政治视野中,以响应 "减轻护理负担 "的要求。也就是说,政治上要求提供经济和社会条件,使护理工作成为可能,并减轻护理人员的性别压力。本文通过卡蒂-威克斯(Kathi Weeks)的后生产主义思想(2011 年,《工作问题:女权主义、马克思主义、反工作政治和后工作想象》。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆和伦敦:Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press),并对提交澳大利亚 "就业前 "计划 ParentsNext--一项针对 "面临福利依赖风险 "的单亲照顾者的劳动力市场激活计划的两次议会调查的提交者所做的照顾表述进行了批判性的话语研究。本文采用了一种批判性的多模式方法,以更好地概念化关于照护价值的相互竞争的框架,以及国家可以(减轻)照护负担的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Guest editors' introduction to special issue on corporal punishment of children in Australia 澳大利亚儿童体罚问题特刊特邀编辑导言
Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.337
Carys Chainey, Sarah Whittle
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引用次数: 0
How does the media represent institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities? A case study of the Malka Leifer court case 媒体如何报道犹太社区内对儿童的机构性虐待?Malka Leifer 法庭案件案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.317
Philip Mendes, Marcia Pinskier, Susan Baidawi
Concerns about institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities have been documented in two recent national enquiries into child sexual abuse, in Australia, and England and Wales. Yet to date, there has been little analysis of how media reporting informs public awareness of these concerns, and potential programme and policy responses. This paper examines media reports of the high‐profile case of ultra‐orthodox Jewish school principal Malka Leifer who was found to have sexually abused several girls in her school in Melbourne, Australia. It draws on five Australian media publications (two specifically Jewish and three mainstream newspapers), from the initial committal hearing in September 2021 until the completion of her trial and conviction in July 2023. Our findings highlight the importance of child safety processes as being aligned with the specific religious and cultural context of faith‐based communities in order to be effective in preventing institutional child sexual abuse.
最近在澳大利亚和英格兰及威尔士进行的两次全国性儿童性虐待调查中,都记录了对犹太社区内机构性儿童性虐待的担忧。然而,迄今为止,关于媒体报道如何影响公众对这些问题的认识以及潜在的计划和政策应对措施的分析还很少。本文研究了媒体对澳大利亚墨尔本极端正统犹太学校校长马尔卡-莱弗(Malka Leifer)一案的报道。本研究参考了澳大利亚五家媒体的出版物(两家专门针对犹太人的报纸和三家主流报纸),从 2021 年 9 月的首次拘押听证会到 2023 年 7 月的审判和定罪。我们的研究结果强调了儿童安全程序与信仰社区特定的宗教和文化背景相一致的重要性,这样才能有效预防机构性儿童性虐待。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Australian Journal of Social Issues
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