Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106595
Elsa Dent , Peter Hanlon , Paul Kowal , Emiel O. Hoogendijk
Frailty is a highly prevalent geriatric condition, affecting between 12–24% of older adults globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Incorporating frailty measurement into clinical decision making can guide optimal patient care. This updated review presents an outline of current frailty definitions and measurement approaches in both research and clinical practice, including: Fried’s frailty phenotype; Rockwood and Mitnitski’s Frailty Index (FI) of cumulative deficits; Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS); Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale; Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS); electronic Frailty Index (eFI); Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS); Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Index; Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI); Groningen Frailty Indictor (GFI); Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI); the Kihon Checklist (KCL); Geriatric 8 (G8) for oncology; the Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) for cardiology; plus gait speed and grip strength. The main strengths and limitations of existing frailty measurements are summarised, including how well these measurements operationalise frailty in terms of their accuracy in identifying frailty, their basis on biological causative theory, and their ability to reliably predict patient outcomes and response to potential therapies.
{"title":"Frailty measurement in research and clinical practice: An updated review","authors":"Elsa Dent , Peter Hanlon , Paul Kowal , Emiel O. Hoogendijk","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frailty is a highly prevalent geriatric condition, affecting between 12–24% of older adults globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Incorporating frailty measurement into clinical decision making can guide optimal patient care. This updated review presents an outline of current frailty definitions and measurement approaches in both research and clinical practice, including: Fried’s frailty phenotype; Rockwood and Mitnitski’s Frailty Index (FI) of cumulative deficits; Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS); Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale; Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS); electronic Frailty Index (eFI); Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS); Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Index; Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI); Groningen Frailty Indictor (GFI); Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI); the Kihon Checklist (KCL); Geriatric 8 (G8) for oncology; the Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) for cardiology; plus gait speed and grip strength. The main strengths and limitations of existing frailty measurements are summarised, including how well these measurements operationalise frailty in terms of their accuracy in identifying frailty, their basis on biological causative theory, and their ability to reliably predict patient outcomes and response to potential therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Natural history of the severe subtype of MYH9-related disease (Epstein syndrome)” [European Journal of Internal Medicine 138 (2025) 6354]","authors":"Kazuma Shinno , Shinji Kunishima , Atsushi Sakamoto , Toru Uchiyama , Akira Ishiguro","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106515
William F. McIntyre , Linda S. Johnson , Alexander P. Benz , Maria E. Vadakken , Nicole R. Latendresse , Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige , Faith Kirabo , Jorge A. Wong , Jason D. Roberts , Jeff S. Healey
Background
Approximately one-third-of patients with transient new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness will have recurrent AF within 1 year when assessed using two 14-day ECG monitors. The proportion of patients that would be diagnosed with recurrent AF with less monitoring is unknown.
Methods
We used data from a prospective cohort of participants with transient new-onset AF while hospitalized for noncardiac surgery or medical illness, who wore one or two 14-day ECG monitors. We calculated the proportion of patients that would be diagnosed with recurrent AF with different durations of ECG monitoring and the median time-to-detection of recurrent AF lasting ≥30 s.
Results
A total of 139 participants (41.0 % female, median CHA2DS2-VASc 3) wore an ECG monitor a median of 1.5 months following hospital discharge; 83 (59.7 %) wore a second monitor at median of 5.8 months after the first monitor. Recurrent AF was detected in 5.0 % of participants by 1 day, 5.8 % by 2 days, 6.5 % by 3 days, 12.2 % by 7 days, 21.6 % by 14 days and in 28.8 % by the end of the second 14-day monitor. Median monitoring time to recurrent AF was 5.3 (IQR 1.4–9.7) days.
Conclusions
In patients with transient new-onset AF during hospitalization for another reason, the rate of detection of recurrent AF increased with longer monitoring durations. Approximately 80 % of diagnoses were made after 2 days of monitoring; the likelihood of capturing recurrent AF was 4 times higher with 14 days of monitoring compared to 2 days.
{"title":"Monitoring time-to-detection of recurrent atrial fibrillation in patients with transient new-onset atrial fibrillation detected initially during hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness","authors":"William F. McIntyre , Linda S. Johnson , Alexander P. Benz , Maria E. Vadakken , Nicole R. Latendresse , Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige , Faith Kirabo , Jorge A. Wong , Jason D. Roberts , Jeff S. Healey","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Approximately one-third-of patients with transient new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness will have recurrent AF within 1 year when assessed using two 14-day ECG monitors. The proportion of patients that would be diagnosed with recurrent AF with less monitoring is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from a prospective cohort of participants with transient new-onset AF while hospitalized for noncardiac surgery or medical illness, who wore one or two 14-day ECG monitors. We calculated the proportion of patients that would be diagnosed with recurrent AF with different durations of ECG monitoring and the median time-to-detection of recurrent AF lasting ≥30 s.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 139 participants (41.0 % female, median CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc 3) wore an ECG monitor a median of 1.5 months following hospital discharge; 83 (59.7 %) wore a second monitor at median of 5.8 months after the first monitor. Recurrent AF was detected in 5.0 % of participants by 1 day, 5.8 % by 2 days, 6.5 % by 3 days, 12.2 % by 7 days, 21.6 % by 14 days and in 28.8 % by the end of the second 14-day monitor. Median monitoring time to recurrent AF was 5.3 (IQR 1.4–9.7) days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients with transient new-onset AF during hospitalization for another reason, the rate of detection of recurrent AF increased with longer monitoring durations. Approximately 80 % of diagnoses were made after 2 days of monitoring; the likelihood of capturing recurrent AF was 4 times higher with 14 days of monitoring compared to 2 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106515"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106582
Hui Chen
{"title":"Methodological considerations for interpreting the association between central systolic blood pressure and brain health","authors":"Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibiotic use in hospitalized older adults according to WHO AWaRe classification: data from the REPOSI register","authors":"Chiara Elli, Chiara Crippa, Luca Pasina, REPOSI, Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106597
Sabrina Scilletta, Antonino Di Pino, Salvatore Piro, Roberto Scicali
{"title":"Cognitive impairment in familiar hypercholesterolemia: How much is vascular and how much is confounding? Author's reply","authors":"Sabrina Scilletta, Antonino Di Pino, Salvatore Piro, Roberto Scicali","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106597"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106602
Yulin Liu , Lu Wang
{"title":"Bronchoscopy, ventilator dose and outcomes in severe CAP: reading the sex signal","authors":"Yulin Liu , Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50485,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 106602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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