Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/2.2.23310
H. Buhari, Salisu, Muhammad, E. Obeagu
This comprehensive update explores the recent advancements in the treatment landscape of myeloid leukemia. Myeloid leukemia, a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, poses significant challenges in clinical management. This review highlights the latest therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and emerging treatment modalities. It discusses the impact of precision medicine, novel drug developments, and the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, the abstract outlines current research trends, challenges, and future prospects, aiming to provide a concise overview for healthcare professionals and researchers involved in leukemia management. Keywords: targeted therapy; immunotherapy; precision medicine; molecular profiling; personalized treatment; bone marrow transplantation; novel therapies
{"title":"Advancements in Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Comprehensive Update","authors":"H. Buhari, Salisu, Muhammad, E. Obeagu","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/2.2.23310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/2.2.23310","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive update explores the recent advancements in the treatment landscape of myeloid leukemia. Myeloid leukemia, a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, poses significant challenges in clinical management. This review highlights the latest therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and emerging treatment modalities. It discusses the impact of precision medicine, novel drug developments, and the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, the abstract outlines current research trends, challenges, and future prospects, aiming to provide a concise overview for healthcare professionals and researchers involved in leukemia management. Keywords: targeted therapy; immunotherapy; precision medicine; molecular profiling; personalized treatment; bone marrow transplantation; novel therapies","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.4.1000
U. Paul-Chima, A. Ugo, O. E. Ifeanyi, Shanthi Subbarayan, Vidya Sankarapandiyan
The exploration of medicinal plant diversity in Uganda and across Africa holds substantial importance in the realms of ethnobotany, traditional medicine, and modern healthcare. This diversity, deeply rooted in indigenous communities, forms the foundation of traditional healing practices. Conservation of Africa's biodiversity hotspots, coupled with sustainable practices, is crucial for preserving these invaluable resources. However, challenges persist in bridging traditional knowledge with scientific validation, addressing ethical collection practices, and ensuring equitable benefit-sharing. Collaborative efforts involving scientists, indigenous communities, and governments are pivotal for systematic study and conservation. Regulation, standardization, and integration of traditional medicine within healthcare systems remain imperative for safe and effective utilization. Keywords: Healing potential, Medicinal Plants, Post-COVID, Disease management and Uganda
{"title":"Integrating Medicinal Plant Diversity in Post-COVID Uganda for Holistic Healthcare Management","authors":"U. Paul-Chima, A. Ugo, O. E. Ifeanyi, Shanthi Subbarayan, Vidya Sankarapandiyan","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.4.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.4.1000","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of medicinal plant diversity in Uganda and across Africa holds substantial importance in the realms of ethnobotany, traditional medicine, and modern healthcare. This diversity, deeply rooted in indigenous communities, forms the foundation of traditional healing practices. Conservation of Africa's biodiversity hotspots, coupled with sustainable practices, is crucial for preserving these invaluable resources. However, challenges persist in bridging traditional knowledge with scientific validation, addressing ethical collection practices, and ensuring equitable benefit-sharing. Collaborative efforts involving scientists, indigenous communities, and governments are pivotal for systematic study and conservation. Regulation, standardization, and integration of traditional medicine within healthcare systems remain imperative for safe and effective utilization. Keywords: Healing potential, Medicinal Plants, Post-COVID, Disease management and Uganda","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.2.1000
Emmanuel Kirule Ssegawa
This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the utilization of family planning services among women of reproductive age at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Kabarole, Uganda. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based design and a simple random sampling technique, 174 women in the reproductive age group were included in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized for data collection, which was then coded, entered, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The results were presented in frequency and percentage charts and tables, accompanied by Pvalues, odds ratios, and their respective confidence intervals where relevant. The findings revealed that 44.91% of participants at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda used contraceptives. Among them, 66.7% discussed contraceptives with their partners, while 51.1% opted for a specific contraceptive method during their last sexual encounter prior to the study. Interestingly, 35.1% considered condoms to be the most effective form of contraception, followed by implanon and oral pills at 14.9% and 14.4%, respectively. Safe days/withdrawal and injectable contraceptives were perceived as the least effective at 10.9% each. Accessibility and availability were cited as primary reasons for contraceptive choice by 21.8% of respondents, followed by safety with fewer side effects (16.1%), ease of use (6.3%), and affordability (5.2%). Household size, with the majority having 1-5 members (36.8%), and the number of children under five in the family (45.4% with 1-5 children) were notable demographic factors influencing family planning choices. However, the study highlighted a low level of family planning utilization (44.9%) among women at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, predominantly favoring male condoms (40.7%). This utilization was significantly affected by socio-demographic factors such as marital status, place of residence, occupation, and income levels. Furthermore, the type, duration, frequency, availability, accessibility, affordability, and perceived side effects or effectiveness of contraceptives significantly influenced the likelihood of family planning utilization. Keywords: associated factors, utilisation, family planning, women
{"title":"Determinants Impacting the Use of Family Planning Services in Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, Kabarole District, Western Uganda","authors":"Emmanuel Kirule Ssegawa","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.2.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.2.1000","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the utilization of family planning services among women of reproductive age at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Kabarole, Uganda. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based design and a simple random sampling technique, 174 women in the reproductive age group were included in the study. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized for data collection, which was then coded, entered, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. The results were presented in frequency and percentage charts and tables, accompanied by Pvalues, odds ratios, and their respective confidence intervals where relevant. The findings revealed that 44.91% of participants at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda used contraceptives. Among them, 66.7% discussed contraceptives with their partners, while 51.1% opted for a specific contraceptive method during their last sexual encounter prior to the study. Interestingly, 35.1% considered condoms to be the most effective form of contraception, followed by implanon and oral pills at 14.9% and 14.4%, respectively. Safe days/withdrawal and injectable contraceptives were perceived as the least effective at 10.9% each. Accessibility and availability were cited as primary reasons for contraceptive choice by 21.8% of respondents, followed by safety with fewer side effects (16.1%), ease of use (6.3%), and affordability (5.2%). Household size, with the majority having 1-5 members (36.8%), and the number of children under five in the family (45.4% with 1-5 children) were notable demographic factors influencing family planning choices. However, the study highlighted a low level of family planning utilization (44.9%) among women at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, predominantly favoring male condoms (40.7%). This utilization was significantly affected by socio-demographic factors such as marital status, place of residence, occupation, and income levels. Furthermore, the type, duration, frequency, availability, accessibility, affordability, and perceived side effects or effectiveness of contraceptives significantly influenced the likelihood of family planning utilization. Keywords: associated factors, utilisation, family planning, women","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.3.1000
Stephen Oluka
Depressive disorders are notably more prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), occurring at rates three times higher than in the general population. In Uganda, the reported prevalence of depressive disorders among PLWHA ranges between 20% and 40%, with stigma affecting about 34% of this demographic. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with major depression and stigma among HIV-positive patients attending the ART clinic at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). Conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study, the research utilized a simple random sampling technique to select 138 participants aged 18 years and older, already diagnosed with HIV and attending the SRRH ART clinic. Critically ill or admitted individuals were excluded from the study. The majority of respondents were female (60.9%), aged between 31 and 45 years (45.7%), and had attained primary school education (54%). The study found a 16.7% prevalence of current major depressive episodes among PLWHA, with 56.5% experiencing recurrent major depressive episodes. Regarding stigma, the prevalence of minimal, mild, and moderate stigma was 65.2%, 29%, and 5.8%, respectively. Factors such as male gender, being divorced or widowed, and being unemployed or engaged in peasant work were statistically associated with any form of major depressive episode. Additionally, recent initiation of ART was linked to stigma among this population. The findings underscored the frequent occurrence of major depression and stigma among PLWHA, which were influenced by factors such as changes in marital status, recent ART initiation, and limited employment opportunities. The study recommended institutionalized and personalized counseling, the formation of social or peer support groups, community education initiatives regarding major depression and stigma among PLWHA, and regular patient follow-ups to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of major depression and stigma in this vulnerable segment of the population. Keywords: prevalence, depression, stigma, HIV
{"title":"Incidence and Correlates of Severe Depression and Stigmatization among HIVPositive Patients Seeking Care at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital","authors":"Stephen Oluka","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.3.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.3.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Depressive disorders are notably more prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), occurring at rates three times higher than in the general population. In Uganda, the reported prevalence of depressive disorders among PLWHA ranges between 20% and 40%, with stigma affecting about 34% of this demographic. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with major depression and stigma among HIV-positive patients attending the ART clinic at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). Conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study, the research utilized a simple random sampling technique to select 138 participants aged 18 years and older, already diagnosed with HIV and attending the SRRH ART clinic. Critically ill or admitted individuals were excluded from the study. The majority of respondents were female (60.9%), aged between 31 and 45 years (45.7%), and had attained primary school education (54%). The study found a 16.7% prevalence of current major depressive episodes among PLWHA, with 56.5% experiencing recurrent major depressive episodes. Regarding stigma, the prevalence of minimal, mild, and moderate stigma was 65.2%, 29%, and 5.8%, respectively. Factors such as male gender, being divorced or widowed, and being unemployed or engaged in peasant work were statistically associated with any form of major depressive episode. Additionally, recent initiation of ART was linked to stigma among this population. The findings underscored the frequent occurrence of major depression and stigma among PLWHA, which were influenced by factors such as changes in marital status, recent ART initiation, and limited employment opportunities. The study recommended institutionalized and personalized counseling, the formation of social or peer support groups, community education initiatives regarding major depression and stigma among PLWHA, and regular patient follow-ups to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of major depression and stigma in this vulnerable segment of the population. Keywords: prevalence, depression, stigma, HIV","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.5.1000
Emmanuel Gutaka l, Martin Odoki, Isaac Edyedu, Rogers Muland, E. I. Obeagu
Diabetes and depression regularly co-occur, but only about two-thirds of patients with both diseases receive recognition and treatment for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among adult patients with diabetes attending diabetic clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. The prevalence of depression among diabetes mellitus patients attending diabetic clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. was found to be 26.6%. Gender, age bracket, area of Residence, level of education and marital status were statistically significantly associated with depression among diabetes mellitus patients attending diabetic Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. in the model at 5% level. Females were 3times more likely to develop depression compared to the males (OR=3.29: 95%CI, 0.84–6.58: P=0.052). Patients in the age bracket 31-39 years were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those in age bracket 18-30 years (OR=5.73: 95%CI, 2.31- 28.4: P=<0.001). Patients who lived in urban areas were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those who lived in rural areas (OR=2.61: 95%CI, 0.77–8.85: P=0.04). Patients who were widows were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those who were single (OR=5.09: 95%CI, 0.87–12.30: P=<0.001). Patients with primary levels of education were 6times more likely to develop depression compared to those who attained secondary level of education (OR=6.98: 95%CI, 2.01–14.37: P=0.001). The prevalence of depressive illness in patients with DM is high and is associated with low education level, period with diabetes, Sugar levels well controlled, chronic illness other than diabetes, number of chronic illness and mode of medication for diabetes history of being in the intensive phase of DM treatment and family history of depressive illness. Keywords: Prevalence, depression, associated factors, diabetes mellitus
{"title":"Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending Diabetic Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital","authors":"Emmanuel Gutaka l, Martin Odoki, Isaac Edyedu, Rogers Muland, E. I. Obeagu","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.5.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.5.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes and depression regularly co-occur, but only about two-thirds of patients with both diseases receive recognition and treatment for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among adult patients with diabetes attending diabetic clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. The prevalence of depression among diabetes mellitus patients attending diabetic clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. was found to be 26.6%. Gender, age bracket, area of Residence, level of education and marital status were statistically significantly associated with depression among diabetes mellitus patients attending diabetic Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital. in the model at 5% level. Females were 3times more likely to develop depression compared to the males (OR=3.29: 95%CI, 0.84–6.58: P=0.052). Patients in the age bracket 31-39 years were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those in age bracket 18-30 years (OR=5.73: 95%CI, 2.31- 28.4: P=<0.001). Patients who lived in urban areas were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those who lived in rural areas (OR=2.61: 95%CI, 0.77–8.85: P=0.04). Patients who were widows were 5times more likely to develop depression compared to those who were single (OR=5.09: 95%CI, 0.87–12.30: P=<0.001). Patients with primary levels of education were 6times more likely to develop depression compared to those who attained secondary level of education (OR=6.98: 95%CI, 2.01–14.37: P=0.001). The prevalence of depressive illness in patients with DM is high and is associated with low education level, period with diabetes, Sugar levels well controlled, chronic illness other than diabetes, number of chronic illness and mode of medication for diabetes history of being in the intensive phase of DM treatment and family history of depressive illness. Keywords: Prevalence, depression, associated factors, diabetes mellitus","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.1.1000
Ssali Ronald
Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under 5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth. Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to preterm birth. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, preterm birth
{"title":"Incidence and Correlates of Preterm Birth at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital","authors":"Ssali Ronald","doi":"10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.1.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2023/1.1.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under 5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth. Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to preterm birth. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, preterm birth","PeriodicalId":504901,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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