Yongxing Yu, Dan Huang, Hongcheng Zhou, Yueming Hu
With the increasing precision and complexity of high-density interconnect integrated circuit (IC) substrates, automated visual inspection encounters significant challenges in accurately detecting etching defects on metallographic substrate images. Factors such as grayscale variations, noise interference, and rich textures further complicate the process. To address this issue, a novel detection method based on differential geometry theory is proposed, encompassing defect detection between circuits and on circuits. Firstly, the variational Chan-Vese model and morphological closing operation are employed to obtain highly accurate substrate segmentation images. For defect detection between substrate circuits, contour regions between circuits are extracted by differencing the original image with the segmented image. Next, a lightweight compressed MobileNet (CMNet) network is constructed using depth-weighted compression to rapidly identify defect regions between circuits. For defects on substrate circuits, the contour of the segmented image is utilized to determine candidate regions of etching defects by evaluating abrupt changes in angles between adjacent contour points. Subsequently, the proposed discrete curvature calculation method based on the Frenet frame of differential geometry theory is employed to detect and measure defect candidates on the circuits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting etching defects, outperforming other advanced techniques in screening and identifying defect regions.
{"title":"A differential geometry-based method for detecting etching defects in high-density interconnect IC substrates","authors":"Yongxing Yu, Dan Huang, Hongcheng Zhou, Yueming Hu","doi":"10.1117/12.3007244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007244","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing precision and complexity of high-density interconnect integrated circuit (IC) substrates, automated visual inspection encounters significant challenges in accurately detecting etching defects on metallographic substrate images. Factors such as grayscale variations, noise interference, and rich textures further complicate the process. To address this issue, a novel detection method based on differential geometry theory is proposed, encompassing defect detection between circuits and on circuits. Firstly, the variational Chan-Vese model and morphological closing operation are employed to obtain highly accurate substrate segmentation images. For defect detection between substrate circuits, contour regions between circuits are extracted by differencing the original image with the segmented image. Next, a lightweight compressed MobileNet (CMNet) network is constructed using depth-weighted compression to rapidly identify defect regions between circuits. For defects on substrate circuits, the contour of the segmented image is utilized to determine candidate regions of etching defects by evaluating abrupt changes in angles between adjacent contour points. Subsequently, the proposed discrete curvature calculation method based on the Frenet frame of differential geometry theory is employed to detect and measure defect candidates on the circuits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting etching defects, outperforming other advanced techniques in screening and identifying defect regions.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"85 4","pages":"129420E - 129420E-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phase recovery algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation uses the fast Fourier solution to calculate the phase from the acquired intensity, but the solution accuracy is not high, and there will be instability caused by zero points and minimum points. Aiming at this problem, An improved fast Fourier solution based on the intensity transfer equation is proposed. By finding a suitable constant value to replace the focused intensity value in the traditional formula, the initial guess solution of the phase is solved; the initial phase and the focused intensity form a new complex amplitude, and then a new intensity differential is obtained in the form of angular spectrum propagation, and then the new The intensity differential of is substituted into the phase solution formula to obtain a new phase, so as to iteratively optimize the phase; when the iteration converges, the exact solution of the phase can be obtained. This solution can bypass the instability caused by the zero point and the minimum value point and has the advantage of high precision. Keywords: Transport of intensity equation, Intensity differential, Iterative optimization, Angular spectrum propagation, Fast Fourier solution, phase recovery.
{"title":"Improved fast Fourier solution based on transport of intensity equation","authors":"Hong Cheng, Qihong Liu, Xiaotian Zhu, Hao Sun, Fen Zhang, Chuan Shen","doi":"10.1117/12.3005604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005604","url":null,"abstract":"The phase recovery algorithm based on the transport of intensity equation uses the fast Fourier solution to calculate the phase from the acquired intensity, but the solution accuracy is not high, and there will be instability caused by zero points and minimum points. Aiming at this problem, An improved fast Fourier solution based on the intensity transfer equation is proposed. By finding a suitable constant value to replace the focused intensity value in the traditional formula, the initial guess solution of the phase is solved; the initial phase and the focused intensity form a new complex amplitude, and then a new intensity differential is obtained in the form of angular spectrum propagation, and then the new The intensity differential of is substituted into the phase solution formula to obtain a new phase, so as to iteratively optimize the phase; when the iteration converges, the exact solution of the phase can be obtained. This solution can bypass the instability caused by the zero point and the minimum value point and has the advantage of high precision. Keywords: Transport of intensity equation, Intensity differential, Iterative optimization, Angular spectrum propagation, Fast Fourier solution, phase recovery.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"76 1","pages":"1294202 - 1294202-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiyang Chen, Tao Chen, Liming Zhu, Zi Wang, G. Lv, Q. Feng
Compressive light field (CLF) is a promising light field display technology, and the traditional multiplicative CLF limits the number of layers due to the low transmittance of liquid crystals, which results in a small depth of field. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-dimensional display structure with a hybrid CLF. This structure utilizes a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to superimpose two sets of multiplicative CLFs, each of which consists of two identical liquid crystal displays and a uniform backlight. The hybrid CLF has a greater depth of field and higher brightness, further improving image quality. Due to the properties of the hybrid CLF structure and the non-negative tensor (NTF) decomposition algorithm, the reconstructed image can suffer from layered image crosstalk, which leads to image quality degradation. We propose a method to reduce the hybrid CLF layered image crosstalk, and we validate the proposed method through computer simulations and optical experiments.
{"title":"Depth layer slicing optimization method based on hybrid compressive light field","authors":"Qiyang Chen, Tao Chen, Liming Zhu, Zi Wang, G. Lv, Q. Feng","doi":"10.1117/12.3007209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007209","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive light field (CLF) is a promising light field display technology, and the traditional multiplicative CLF limits the number of layers due to the low transmittance of liquid crystals, which results in a small depth of field. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-dimensional display structure with a hybrid CLF. This structure utilizes a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to superimpose two sets of multiplicative CLFs, each of which consists of two identical liquid crystal displays and a uniform backlight. The hybrid CLF has a greater depth of field and higher brightness, further improving image quality. Due to the properties of the hybrid CLF structure and the non-negative tensor (NTF) decomposition algorithm, the reconstructed image can suffer from layered image crosstalk, which leads to image quality degradation. We propose a method to reduce the hybrid CLF layered image crosstalk, and we validate the proposed method through computer simulations and optical experiments.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"17 1","pages":"129420D - 129420D-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchen Wang, Fukang Lv, Fengxian Du, Shuhao Fan, Wenjuan Wu, Cuixia Dai
The imaging depth of conventional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is limited by high scattering of biological tissues, while the signal intensity of deep tissue imaged by Photoacoustic Microscopy (PAM) is also affected by the weak light excitation of biological tissues. In this paper, glycerol solution was used as the optical clearing agent (OCA) to enhance tissue transparency and reduce light attenuation during deep tissue imaging. We performed optical clearing treatment on the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes by topically applying glycerol to the conjunctival opening and through posterior injection, respectively. Then the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes were imaged using the PAM and OCT systems. The results demonstrate that the optical transparency alteration of the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes changes the tissue refractive index, increases the signal intensity of OCT and PAM, and enhances the imaging depth of both OCT and PAM. Consequently, the optical clearing agent provides a powerful tool for ophthalmic research and early diagnosis of ocular diseases, and also expands the imaging applications of OCT and PAM.
传统光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的成像深度受到生物组织高散射的限制，而光声显微镜（PAM）成像的深部组织信号强度也受到生物组织弱光激发的影响。本文使用甘油溶液作为光学清除剂（OCA），以提高组织透明度并减少深部组织成像过程中的光衰减。我们通过在结膜开口处局部涂抹甘油和后部注射甘油，分别对兔眼的前部和后部进行了光学清除处理。然后使用 PAM 和 OCT 系统对兔眼前后节段进行成像。结果表明，兔眼前后节段的光学透明度改变会改变组织折射率，增加 OCT 和 PAM 的信号强度，并增强 OCT 和 PAM 的成像深度。因此，光学透明剂为眼科研究和眼科疾病的早期诊断提供了强有力的工具，同时也拓展了 OCT 和 PAM 的成像应用。
{"title":"Enhancement of multimodal imaging of rabbit eyes using optical clearing agents","authors":"Yuchen Wang, Fukang Lv, Fengxian Du, Shuhao Fan, Wenjuan Wu, Cuixia Dai","doi":"10.1117/12.3006794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006794","url":null,"abstract":"The imaging depth of conventional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is limited by high scattering of biological tissues, while the signal intensity of deep tissue imaged by Photoacoustic Microscopy (PAM) is also affected by the weak light excitation of biological tissues. In this paper, glycerol solution was used as the optical clearing agent (OCA) to enhance tissue transparency and reduce light attenuation during deep tissue imaging. We performed optical clearing treatment on the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes by topically applying glycerol to the conjunctival opening and through posterior injection, respectively. Then the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes were imaged using the PAM and OCT systems. The results demonstrate that the optical transparency alteration of the anterior and posterior segments of rabbit eyes changes the tissue refractive index, increases the signal intensity of OCT and PAM, and enhances the imaging depth of both OCT and PAM. Consequently, the optical clearing agent provides a powerful tool for ophthalmic research and early diagnosis of ocular diseases, and also expands the imaging applications of OCT and PAM.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"20 2","pages":"129420A - 129420A-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the lithium battery industry has been developing rapidly, and in the process of its large-scale industrialized production, the automatic defect detection technology based on machine vision has extremely important research value. Because of the complexity of the lithium battery production environment, the defect morphology is variable, the current research results for lithium battery pole piece defect detection is relatively small. In order to meet the needs of lithium battery pole piece defect detection speed and accuracy, to solve the problems of complex background noise, defects and low contrast in the pole piece image, this paper proposes a lithium battery pole piece defect detection algorithm based on machine vision technology, firstly, adopt the topological mapping based on the weighted average neighborhood closure curve filtering template for the image noise reduction processing, and then use the wavelet transform based on the multiscale detail enhancement method for image enhancement processing;; subsequently, adopt the multi-scale detail enhancement method based on wavelet transform for image enhancement processing; and subsequently, use the topological mapping based on the weighted average neighborhood closure curve for image enhancement processing. Then, in order to solve the problem of uneven illumination and more speckle impurities in the polar film image, the area growth method is used and combined with differential geometry tools to extract the defect contour of the area to be tested; finally, the concept of Earth Move Distance (EMD) is introduced, which is used to compute the similarity between the obtained contour and various types of defect templates contours to realize the classification of defects. Experiments have shown that the algorithm in this paper improves the speed and accuracy of defect detection on the surface of the pole piece, retains the details of the defect edges, detects small defects with low contrast, and extracts the complete defect contour, which better meets the actual needs of industrial production.
{"title":"Research on precision visual inspection technology based on new energy battery manufacturing","authors":"Hongcheng Zhou, Dan Huang, Yongxing Yu","doi":"10.1117/12.3006182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006182","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the lithium battery industry has been developing rapidly, and in the process of its large-scale industrialized production, the automatic defect detection technology based on machine vision has extremely important research value. Because of the complexity of the lithium battery production environment, the defect morphology is variable, the current research results for lithium battery pole piece defect detection is relatively small. In order to meet the needs of lithium battery pole piece defect detection speed and accuracy, to solve the problems of complex background noise, defects and low contrast in the pole piece image, this paper proposes a lithium battery pole piece defect detection algorithm based on machine vision technology, firstly, adopt the topological mapping based on the weighted average neighborhood closure curve filtering template for the image noise reduction processing, and then use the wavelet transform based on the multiscale detail enhancement method for image enhancement processing;; subsequently, adopt the multi-scale detail enhancement method based on wavelet transform for image enhancement processing; and subsequently, use the topological mapping based on the weighted average neighborhood closure curve for image enhancement processing. Then, in order to solve the problem of uneven illumination and more speckle impurities in the polar film image, the area growth method is used and combined with differential geometry tools to extract the defect contour of the area to be tested; finally, the concept of Earth Move Distance (EMD) is introduced, which is used to compute the similarity between the obtained contour and various types of defect templates contours to realize the classification of defects. Experiments have shown that the algorithm in this paper improves the speed and accuracy of defect detection on the surface of the pole piece, retains the details of the defect edges, detects small defects with low contrast, and extracts the complete defect contour, which better meets the actual needs of industrial production.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"44 2","pages":"1294207 - 1294207-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For free space optical transmission, vortex beam can greatly improve the channel capacity, but it is easy to be affected by atmospheric turbulence. To solve this problem, in this paper, a radially aligned Gaussian beam array is loaded with a discrete vortex phase-coherent synthetic vortex beam. Based on the multi-phase screen numerical simulation method, the transmission of the synthetic vortex beam in Von Karman spectrum atmospheric turbulence is simulated, and the intensity distribution, drift and flicker characteristics of the beams under different turbulence intensity are studied. The effect of topological charge on light intensity flicker and beam drift is also discussed. The simulation results show that when the coherent vortex beam is transmitted in atmospheric turbulence, the turbulence makes the intensity distribution at the receiving end disordered and the phase distribution distorted. With the increase of turbulence intensity and transmission distance, the scintillation index and drift mean square error will increase, but when increasing to a certain extent, the scintillation index will tend to be flat. Under the same transmission conditions, the more topological charge of the beam, the better the transmission quality of the coherent synthetic vortex beam.
{"title":"Study on the propagation characteristics of coherent synthetic vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence","authors":"Zibo Kang, Fang Lu, Xiaohu Tang","doi":"10.1117/12.3006010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006010","url":null,"abstract":"For free space optical transmission, vortex beam can greatly improve the channel capacity, but it is easy to be affected by atmospheric turbulence. To solve this problem, in this paper, a radially aligned Gaussian beam array is loaded with a discrete vortex phase-coherent synthetic vortex beam. Based on the multi-phase screen numerical simulation method, the transmission of the synthetic vortex beam in Von Karman spectrum atmospheric turbulence is simulated, and the intensity distribution, drift and flicker characteristics of the beams under different turbulence intensity are studied. The effect of topological charge on light intensity flicker and beam drift is also discussed. The simulation results show that when the coherent vortex beam is transmitted in atmospheric turbulence, the turbulence makes the intensity distribution at the receiving end disordered and the phase distribution distorted. With the increase of turbulence intensity and transmission distance, the scintillation index and drift mean square error will increase, but when increasing to a certain extent, the scintillation index will tend to be flat. Under the same transmission conditions, the more topological charge of the beam, the better the transmission quality of the coherent synthetic vortex beam.","PeriodicalId":505225,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Imaging and Information Processing","volume":"139 4","pages":"1294206 - 1294206-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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