Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2262497
Exequiel Gonzalez, Adrián Jauregui, Luciano N. Segura
ABSTRACTCowbirds brood parasitism has a detrimental effect on the breeding success of their hosts. The occurrence of parasitism observed may be related to environmental features at landscape or nest-site scales. Such relationships have been assessed for the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in the large forests of the northern hemisphere. Here, we present a study conducted on the Shiny Cowbird (M. bonariensis) in native forests of the southern hemisphere in Argentina. These forests are characterised as semi-open woodlands, with forest fragments of variable sizes immersed in native grasslands. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Shiny Cowbird brood parasitism on the breeding success of a native passerine, the Masked Gnatcatcher (Polioptila dumicola), and to assess the relationship of its occurrence with environmental features at landscape and nest-site scales. During three breeding seasons (2015–2018) we monitored 207 gnatcatcher nests of which 70 were parasitised. Brood parasitism was the cause of nest failure in 60% of the parasitised nests. In addition, breeding success measured by apparent nest success, egg survival, hatching success and nestling survival were significantly lower for parasitised nests than for non-parasitised nests. Brood parasitism occurrence was negatively associated with forest cover, where nests located in sites with less forest cover experienced a higher occurrence of parasitism than those with greater cover. As these native semi-open forests face a continuous decline, our results add to the evidence of negative impacts of deforestation.KEYWORDS: Argentinanesting biologyPolioptilidaereproductive parameterssouth temperate foresttalares AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thanks María Luisa Shaw for allowing us to conduct this study at the ‘Luis Chico’ ranch. We also thank J. Paxman, S. Naegl, S. Stöckli, M. Honeyman, M. Ospina, E. Grim, D. Haegedus, M. Fontaine, C. Tiernan, A. Wolf, B. Vidrio, A. Valencia, T. Lansley and C. Dudley for help with fieldwork. We appreciate the improvements in English usage made by Peter Lowther through the Association of Field Ornithologists’ program of editorial assistance. This paper is Scientific Contribution N° 1241 of the Institute “Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet” (ILPLA, CCT-La Plata CONICET, UNLP). This study was partially supported by the ‘Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica)’, under Grant # 2014-3347. This study was conducted with research permits from the regional nature conservation authority (Organismo Provincial para el Desarrollo Sostenible, OPDS #17717, Dirección de Areas Naturales Protegidas, Buenos Aires province, Argentina). LNS is a CONICET Research Fellow.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2262497.
【摘要】牛椋鸟的幼虫寄生对其寄主的繁殖成功有着不利的影响。寄生现象的发生可能与景观或巢地尺度上的环境特征有关。这种关系已经在北半球大森林中的褐头牛鹂(Molothrus ater)身上得到了评估。在这里,我们提出了对阿根廷南半球原始森林中的闪亮牛鹂(M. bonariensis)进行的研究。这些森林的特点是半开放的林地,不同大小的森林碎片沉浸在原生草原中。本研究在景观和巢地尺度上研究了亮牛椋鸟幼虫寄生对当地雀形目小蚊(Polioptila dumicola)繁殖成功的影响,并探讨了其发生与环境特征的关系。2015-2018年3个繁殖季节共监测捕蚊器巢207个,其中70个被寄生。60%的被寄生巢失败的原因是幼虫寄生。此外,以表观筑巢成功率、卵存活率、孵化成功率和雏鸟存活率衡量的繁殖成功率均显著低于未被寄生的巢。幼虫寄生率与森林覆盖度呈负相关,森林覆盖度低的巢穴寄生率高于森林覆盖度高的巢穴。由于这些原生半开放森林面临持续减少,我们的研究结果进一步证明了森林砍伐的负面影响。我们要感谢María Luisa Shaw允许我们在“Luis Chico”牧场进行这项研究。我们还要感谢J. Paxman、S. Naegl、S. Stöckli、M. Honeyman、M. Ospina、E. Grim、D. Haegedus、M. Fontaine、C. Tiernan、A. Wolf、B. Vidrio、A. Valencia、T. Lansley和C. Dudley对实地工作的帮助。我们感谢彼得·洛瑟通过野外鸟类学家协会的编辑协助项目对英语用法的改进。本文是ILPLA, CCT-La Plata CONICET, UNLP“Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet”研究所的科学贡献N°1241。本研究得到了“Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica(国家机构Promoción Científica y Tecnológica)”的部分资助,资助号为2014-3347。本研究获得了地区自然保护机构(阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省,OPDS #17717, Dirección de Areas Naturales Protegidas)的研究许可。LNS是CONICET研究员。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。补充材料本文的补充数据可在https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2262497上访问。
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ABSTRACTUrbanisation is accompanied by major environmental changes that impact the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems, bringing new selective regimes for animal species and for eco-evolutionary dynamics. We aimed to evaluate whether urban intensification promotes ecomorphological changes in birds from a large city in Central Brazil. Analyses were performed on a set of 1314 individuals of 35 species, captured along a gradient of urban intensification. We found significant morphological changes associated with urban intensification by evaluating ten ecomorphological traits and body mass of the species assemblage. Beak length showed the most dramatic changes, and was significantly shorter as a function of urban intensification, mainly in individuals of insectivorous and omnivorous species. These results reinforce the notion that environmental changes caused by human activities in dense urban environments promote new selective pressures in resident bird species.KEYWORDS: Ecomorphologyurban areaurban animalsurban sprawlurban biodiversityurbanisation intensity AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Rufford Foundation for the grant support that made this study possible (Project 36888-1), the Brazilian education agency ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ (CAPES) for a PhD fellowship to EGS, and CNPq for a researcher fellowship to MÂM. We are grateful to MSD for his valuable comments during our statistical analyses, and WSP and RNS for their valuable contributions to the research development. We also thank all volunteers for their assistance during fieldwork. The captures reported here were licenced (SISBIO/ICMBio: 73880-4; CEMAVE/ICMBio: 4639/1-2; CEUA/UCB: 001/2020).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementAll data are available upon request.Geolocation informationBrasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°47’ Lat S 47°56′ Long W).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2253836Additional informationFundingThe authors gratefully the Rufford Foundation for the grant support that made this study possible [Project 36888-1], the Brazilian education agency ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ (CAPES) for a PhD fellowship to EGS, and CNPq for a researcher fellowship to MÂM.
城市化伴随着重大的环境变化,这些变化会影响群落和生态系统的结构和功能,为动物物种和生态进化动力学带来新的选择机制。我们的目的是评估城市集约化是否促进了巴西中部一个大城市鸟类的生态形态变化。对沿城市集约化梯度捕获的35种1314个个体进行了分析。通过对物种群落的10个生态形态特征和体质量的评估,我们发现了与城市集约化相关的显著形态变化。喙长变化最为显著,随城市密集度的增加而显著缩短,主要表现在食虫和杂食性个体中。这些结果加强了人类活动在密集城市环境中引起的环境变化对留鸟物种产生新的选择压力的观点。关键词:Ecomorphologyurban areaurban animalsurban sprawlurban biodiversityurbanisation强度AcknowledgmentsWe谢谢Rufford基金会的拨款支持,使本研究可能的项目(36888 - 1),巴西的教育机构“Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de含量优越”(披肩)博士奖学金EGS,老妈和CNPq研究员奖学金。我们感谢MSD在我们的统计分析过程中提出的宝贵意见,感谢WSP和RNS对研究发展的宝贵贡献。我们也感谢所有志愿者在实地工作期间的协助。这里报告的捕获已获得许可(SISBIO/ICMBio: 73880-4;CEMAVE / ICMBio: 4639/1-2;CEUA / UCB: 001/2020)。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明所有数据均可根据要求提供。地理位置informationBrasília,巴西联邦区(15°47 ' Lat S 47°56 ' Long W).补充数据本文的补充数据可访问https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2253836Additional informationfunding .作者感谢Rufford基金会的资助支持,使这项研究成为可能[项目36888-1],巴西教育机构“协调 aperfei运动与运动与运动组织”(CAPES)为EGS提供博士奖学金。和CNPq的研究员奖学金到MÂM。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757
Henrique C. Delfino
ABSTRACTClimate change is one of the most impactful global phenomena, affecting multiple ecosystems, particularly wetlands and water bodies, as well as important species that depend on these areas. Flamingos are unique and distinctive species that live exclusively in these environments and are highly impacted by any changes in their breeding or non-breeding wetlands. To address and measure the direct impact that future climatic changes could have on the distribution of the six extant species of flamingos, I used citizen science data and climatic variables to construct habitat suitability models. These models were used to predict the future gain or loss of climatic suitability areas in the short, medium, and long term, under four different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and eight Global Circulation Models. The results predicted that five out of the six species of flamingos will experience continued loss of habitat over the next few decades in all scenarios. Dramatic changes in distribution are expected for all species. The data also indicate a higher impact of climate change on more habitat restrictive species and on wetlands along the borders of their distributions. Finally, the research highlights the importance of combined efforts from public communities, scientists, and policymakers to create mitigation and conservation plans that could avoid the intensification of climate change effects on wetlands and prevent the future reduction of flamingo populations.KEYWORDS: Climate changeconservationflamingoshabitat suitability modelsPhoenicopteriformes AcknowledgmentsI am grateful to Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul for putting the facilities of the laboratory at my disposal.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data used to support the study were collected on freely available online research databases; further details on the models are available in the Supplementary Materials.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757.Additional informationFundingThe author is supported by a Doctoral fellowship, from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.
摘要气候变化是最具影响力的全球现象之一,影响着多个生态系统,特别是湿地和水体,以及依赖这些区域的重要物种。火烈鸟是一种独特的物种,只生活在这些环境中,它们的繁殖地或非繁殖地的任何变化都会对它们产生很大的影响。为了解决和衡量未来气候变化可能对现存六种火烈鸟的分布产生的直接影响,我使用公民科学数据和气候变量构建了栖息地适宜性模型。在四种不同的共享社会经济路径和八种全球环流模式下,利用这些模型预测了气候适宜区未来短期、中期和长期的增减。结果预测,在未来几十年的所有情况下,六种火烈鸟中有五种将继续失去栖息地。预计所有物种的分布都将发生巨大变化。数据还表明,气候变化对更多栖息地限制性物种及其分布边界的湿地的影响更大。最后,该研究强调了公共社区、科学家和政策制定者共同努力制定缓解和保护计划的重要性,这些计划可以避免气候变化对湿地的影响加剧,并防止未来火烈鸟数量的减少。关键词:气候变化保护火烈鸟栖息地适宜性模型(hoenicopiformes)致谢感谢南里奥格兰德州联邦大学为我提供实验室设施。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明用于支持研究的数据是从免费的在线研究数据库中收集的;关于这些模型的更多细节可在补充材料中找到。补充数据本文的补充数据可访问https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757.Additional informationfunding作者获得了巴西国家环境研究中心Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)的博士奖学金。
{"title":"A fragile future for pink birds: habitat suitability models predict a high impact of climate change on the future distribution of flamingos","authors":"Henrique C. Delfino","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTClimate change is one of the most impactful global phenomena, affecting multiple ecosystems, particularly wetlands and water bodies, as well as important species that depend on these areas. Flamingos are unique and distinctive species that live exclusively in these environments and are highly impacted by any changes in their breeding or non-breeding wetlands. To address and measure the direct impact that future climatic changes could have on the distribution of the six extant species of flamingos, I used citizen science data and climatic variables to construct habitat suitability models. These models were used to predict the future gain or loss of climatic suitability areas in the short, medium, and long term, under four different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and eight Global Circulation Models. The results predicted that five out of the six species of flamingos will experience continued loss of habitat over the next few decades in all scenarios. Dramatic changes in distribution are expected for all species. The data also indicate a higher impact of climate change on more habitat restrictive species and on wetlands along the borders of their distributions. Finally, the research highlights the importance of combined efforts from public communities, scientists, and policymakers to create mitigation and conservation plans that could avoid the intensification of climate change effects on wetlands and prevent the future reduction of flamingo populations.KEYWORDS: Climate changeconservationflamingoshabitat suitability modelsPhoenicopteriformes AcknowledgmentsI am grateful to Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul for putting the facilities of the laboratory at my disposal.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data used to support the study were collected on freely available online research databases; further details on the models are available in the Supplementary Materials.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2257757.Additional informationFundingThe author is supported by a Doctoral fellowship, from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2253837
José Nilton da Silva, Aureo Banhos, Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo, Pedro Diniz, Charles Duca
ABSTRACT Highways are structures that cause major impacts and threats to biodiversity. We analysed the effects of a highway on the abundance of the Rufous-capped Antthrush (Formicarius colma) in the stretch that intersects the Sooretama Biological Reserve, located in southeastern Brazil. Data were collected using the point-count census method, with points located on the forest edge near the highway, the forest edge near a pasture and random points in the interior of the forest area. Noise was recorded at each point in all areas and related to the abundance of antthrushes. Across habitat types, Rufous-capped Antthrushes were least abundant at the highway-edge, intermediate at the pasture-edge, and highest at the interior of the forest. Within habitat types, species abundance was highest in points 600 m away from the pasture but only in points 800 m away from the highway. The abundance of antthrushes was inversely correlated to noise, irrespective of habitat type (highway or pasture). These results suggest that the presence of the highway and the noise it produces are important threats to the Rufous-capped Antthrush, decreasing its abundance and possibly constraining movements across the highway. For a regionally threatened bird, these impacts could be significant for species viability.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2240346
Karl M. Lenser, T. Worthy
ABSTRACT The Plains-wanderer (Pedionomidae: Pedionomus torquatus) is a species of Australian shorebird that exclusively inhabits open grasslands. The reported presence of this species in the fossil deposits of Naracoorte Caves suggests that it once inhabited a wooded environment. It was therefore important to assess whether the fossils are indeed conspecific with P. torquatus before inferences on the past palaeoecological preferences of the species are made. This study reassessed the identity of fossils identified as P. torquatus using both qualitative observations and morphometric analyses to test for proportional differences of fossil specimens which might indicate taxonomic distinction. Measurements were collected from fossils attributed to Pedionomus from Blanche Cave (45–15 ka) and Victoria Fossil Cave (>400–220 ka), and compared with modern skeletal specimens through univariate and principal component analyses. Fossil elements were significantly larger than the modern specimens, although marked overlap was consistently observed, precluding unambiguous differentiation on size. No qualitative traits distinguishing the two groups could be identified. The Naracoorte fossil Pedionomus are therefore considered to represent a population of P. torquatus, wherein birds were slightly larger than extant ones. The Naracoorte deposits sampled a forest and woodland-dominated environment over the last 400,000 years, one which would be deemed unsuitable for modern Plains-wanderers, indicating that P. torquatus may have formerly occupied a much broader range of habitats than its present distribution suggests. It is inferred that the Plains-wanderer underwent a marked contraction in occupied habitat during the Holocene.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis confirms the presence of the Plains-wanderer (Aves: Pedionomus torquatus) in fossil deposits at Naracoorte Caves, South Australia","authors":"Karl M. Lenser, T. Worthy","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2240346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2240346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Plains-wanderer (Pedionomidae: Pedionomus torquatus) is a species of Australian shorebird that exclusively inhabits open grasslands. The reported presence of this species in the fossil deposits of Naracoorte Caves suggests that it once inhabited a wooded environment. It was therefore important to assess whether the fossils are indeed conspecific with P. torquatus before inferences on the past palaeoecological preferences of the species are made. This study reassessed the identity of fossils identified as P. torquatus using both qualitative observations and morphometric analyses to test for proportional differences of fossil specimens which might indicate taxonomic distinction. Measurements were collected from fossils attributed to Pedionomus from Blanche Cave (45–15 ka) and Victoria Fossil Cave (>400–220 ka), and compared with modern skeletal specimens through univariate and principal component analyses. Fossil elements were significantly larger than the modern specimens, although marked overlap was consistently observed, precluding unambiguous differentiation on size. No qualitative traits distinguishing the two groups could be identified. The Naracoorte fossil Pedionomus are therefore considered to represent a population of P. torquatus, wherein birds were slightly larger than extant ones. The Naracoorte deposits sampled a forest and woodland-dominated environment over the last 400,000 years, one which would be deemed unsuitable for modern Plains-wanderers, indicating that P. torquatus may have formerly occupied a much broader range of habitats than its present distribution suggests. It is inferred that the Plains-wanderer underwent a marked contraction in occupied habitat during the Holocene.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88256025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2241880
C. Lalas, Rosalie Goldsworthy, H. Ratz
ABSTRACT Rehabilitation of wildlife can be a meaningful conservation technique if rehabilitated animals contribute to the breeding population. Endangered Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) are declining on South Island, New Zealand, where modelling published in 2017 predicted their extirpation by 2043. Four management plans dating back to 1989 have been implemented in attempts to mitigate threats. The first three plans overlooked rehabilitation whereas the most recent, published in 2020, regarded rehabilitation as essential to save the South Island population. We assess the outcome of four decades of management of Yellow-eyed Penguins at Moeraki, southeast South Island, by Penguin Rescue, a volunteer conservation organisation. Here, nest numbers have fluctuated but overall increased at a long-term annual average of 5%. Their proportion of the southeast South Island total rose from 1% (six of about 453 nests) in 1982 to 26% (43 of about 166 nests) in 2021. Since 1986 our management has included rehabilitation of all juvenile or adult Yellow-eyed Penguins we encountered locally with life-threatening injuries, emaciation or sickness, with 590 of these marked before release from our rehabilitation facility. We accounted for the effect of rehabilitation on nest numbers by subtracting the number of rehabilitated female breeders and their female descendants from the total number of female breeders. Without rehabilitation nest numbers at Moeraki in 2021 probably would have remained similar to the initial six nests in 1982 instead of the seven-fold increase through four decades. We conclude that rehabilitation is an effective management technique for this species.
{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation for management of an endangered seabird, the Yellow-eyed Penguin","authors":"C. Lalas, Rosalie Goldsworthy, H. Ratz","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2241880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2241880","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rehabilitation of wildlife can be a meaningful conservation technique if rehabilitated animals contribute to the breeding population. Endangered Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) are declining on South Island, New Zealand, where modelling published in 2017 predicted their extirpation by 2043. Four management plans dating back to 1989 have been implemented in attempts to mitigate threats. The first three plans overlooked rehabilitation whereas the most recent, published in 2020, regarded rehabilitation as essential to save the South Island population. We assess the outcome of four decades of management of Yellow-eyed Penguins at Moeraki, southeast South Island, by Penguin Rescue, a volunteer conservation organisation. Here, nest numbers have fluctuated but overall increased at a long-term annual average of 5%. Their proportion of the southeast South Island total rose from 1% (six of about 453 nests) in 1982 to 26% (43 of about 166 nests) in 2021. Since 1986 our management has included rehabilitation of all juvenile or adult Yellow-eyed Penguins we encountered locally with life-threatening injuries, emaciation or sickness, with 590 of these marked before release from our rehabilitation facility. We accounted for the effect of rehabilitation on nest numbers by subtracting the number of rehabilitated female breeders and their female descendants from the total number of female breeders. Without rehabilitation nest numbers at Moeraki in 2021 probably would have remained similar to the initial six nests in 1982 instead of the seven-fold increase through four decades. We conclude that rehabilitation is an effective management technique for this species.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88863044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2233994
T. Burg
ABSTRACT Advances in technology and software have provided higher resolution of genetic data. Re-analysis of genetic data from the endangered Antipodean Albatross using STRUCTURE shows that samples from the two main breeding populations on Antipodes and Adams Islands can be assigned correctly to each population using a set of nine microsatellite markers. The new analyses allow for assignment of bycatch birds killed off the east coast of New Zealand with high accuracy and show all of them originated from Antipodes Island. This highlights not only the importance of using genetic markers to inform conservation and management of endangered species but also the important advances in bioinformatics and the value of existing datasets.
{"title":"Genetic markers separate breeding populations of the endangered Antipodean Albatross and allow for determination of provenance of birds killed at-sea","authors":"T. Burg","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2233994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2233994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Advances in technology and software have provided higher resolution of genetic data. Re-analysis of genetic data from the endangered Antipodean Albatross using STRUCTURE shows that samples from the two main breeding populations on Antipodes and Adams Islands can be assigned correctly to each population using a set of nine microsatellite markers. The new analyses allow for assignment of bycatch birds killed off the east coast of New Zealand with high accuracy and show all of them originated from Antipodes Island. This highlights not only the importance of using genetic markers to inform conservation and management of endangered species but also the important advances in bioinformatics and the value of existing datasets.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"13 1","pages":"250 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78273149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2228350
Alexandra H. Nance, William F. Mitchell, Finella Dawlings, C. Cook, R. Clarke
ABSTRACT Island endemic birds represent approximately 90% of contemporary avian extinctions globally. Introduced predators and land-use change are key drivers of population decline in this group. Where multiple threats may compound the impacts on species, the implementation of complementary approaches to threat assessment can be especially valuable. Using Norfolk Island (NI) in the south-west Pacific as an exemplar, we assessed daily nest survival rates for five endemic songbirds (NI Robin Petroica multicolor, NI Gerygone Gerygone modesta, Slender-billed White-eye Zosterops tenuirostris, NI Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta and NI Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa pelzelni), monitoring 135 nests over four breeding seasons. To understand the factors associated with suitable breeding habitat, we also conducted ecological niche modelling in Maxent for all species. Depredation was the primary driver of nest failure across all species (80% of failed nests), with invasive rats (Rattus sp.) being the most common predator (61% of depredated nests) and a key predictor of nest survival. Gerygones and Fantails exhibited the highest nest survival and were also categorised as habitat generalists using ecological niche modelling. Conversely, the three species that exhibited lower nest survival (Robin, White-eye and Whistler) had specialised habitat requirements, highlighting the potential for cumulative impacts. Our data suggest that invasive rodent control within intact forested sites is a critical management action for this system, followed by strategic habitat restoration and increased connectivity. Our study provides essential ecological information for five poorly understood island songbirds and identifies key management strategies for a regional avian hotspot.
{"title":"Rodent predation and specialised avian habitat requirements drive extinction risk for endemic island songbirds in the south-west Pacific","authors":"Alexandra H. Nance, William F. Mitchell, Finella Dawlings, C. Cook, R. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2228350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2228350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Island endemic birds represent approximately 90% of contemporary avian extinctions globally. Introduced predators and land-use change are key drivers of population decline in this group. Where multiple threats may compound the impacts on species, the implementation of complementary approaches to threat assessment can be especially valuable. Using Norfolk Island (NI) in the south-west Pacific as an exemplar, we assessed daily nest survival rates for five endemic songbirds (NI Robin Petroica multicolor, NI Gerygone Gerygone modesta, Slender-billed White-eye Zosterops tenuirostris, NI Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta and NI Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa pelzelni), monitoring 135 nests over four breeding seasons. To understand the factors associated with suitable breeding habitat, we also conducted ecological niche modelling in Maxent for all species. Depredation was the primary driver of nest failure across all species (80% of failed nests), with invasive rats (Rattus sp.) being the most common predator (61% of depredated nests) and a key predictor of nest survival. Gerygones and Fantails exhibited the highest nest survival and were also categorised as habitat generalists using ecological niche modelling. Conversely, the three species that exhibited lower nest survival (Robin, White-eye and Whistler) had specialised habitat requirements, highlighting the potential for cumulative impacts. Our data suggest that invasive rodent control within intact forested sites is a critical management action for this system, followed by strategic habitat restoration and increased connectivity. Our study provides essential ecological information for five poorly understood island songbirds and identifies key management strategies for a regional avian hotspot.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"34 1","pages":"217 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85731534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2233758
M. Braby, D. Yeates, L. Joseph
ABSTRACT The decline of woodland birds around the world is well known. There are likely to be many causal factors acting together and interacting synergistically, such as habitat fragmentation and the invasion of exotic species. Similarly, insect declines, which likely have been occurring for some time in Australia, have been recorded around the world in recent years, especially in areas of intensive agriculture or urbanisation. Because a large proportion of woodland birds are insectivorous, we ask whether the loss of food resources could also be a driver of bird declines. We encourage more research into this.
{"title":"Woodland birds and insect decline","authors":"M. Braby, D. Yeates, L. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2233758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2233758","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The decline of woodland birds around the world is well known. There are likely to be many causal factors acting together and interacting synergistically, such as habitat fragmentation and the invasion of exotic species. Similarly, insect declines, which likely have been occurring for some time in Australia, have been recorded around the world in recent years, especially in areas of intensive agriculture or urbanisation. Because a large proportion of woodland birds are insectivorous, we ask whether the loss of food resources could also be a driver of bird declines. We encourage more research into this.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"34 1","pages":"255 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1080/01584197.2023.2226342
R. Heinsohn
Professor Robert Heinsohn’s passion for bird behaviour and conservation began with his honours and PhD projects on white-winged choughs at the Australian National University in the 1980s. Since then, he has conducted ground-breaking research on some of our most challenging and endangered avian species, including Swift Parrots, Orange-bellied Parrots, Palm Cockatoos, Eclectus Parrots, Forty-spotted Pardalotes, Norfolk Island Green Parrots and Regent Honeyeaters. He has published 200 papers and two books with profound impact in academic and conservation spheres, including publications in the highest ranking academic journals (eg Science). Professor Heinsohn’s landmark research in bird behaviour includes his discovery of kidnapping in white-winged choughs, the causes of extreme sexual dichromatism in Eclectus parrots, analysis of tool use and rhythmic drumming in Palm Cockatoos, and the impacts of introduced predators on the mating system and sex allocation of Swift Parrots. His research has established Australian birds as textbook examples of behavioural and evolutionary processes (eg Davies et al. 2012 An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell; Lovette & Fitzpatrick 2016 Handbook of Bird Biology, Wiley). His co-edited book Boom and Bust: Bird Stories for a Dry Country explored the adaptations of Australian birds to erratic weather and won Australia’s most prestigious award for zoological publications, the 2009 Whitley Medal (Royal Zoological Society, NSW). He served as Associate Editor for Emu Austral Ornithology for over a decade, and co-edited a special issue on parrots in 2019. Professor Heinsohn’s research has had immense impact on the conservation of Australian birds in four key ways. First, he and his team have discovered a range of previously unknown threats and devised numerous innovative solutions. Examples include his group’s development of hi-tech nest boxes to protect Swift Parrots from catastrophic predation, providing feathers treated with insecticide to Fortyspotted Pardalotes, thereby enabling them to self-fumigate their nests against parasitic flies, and teaching captive reared Regent Honeyeaters to sing the correct song upon release. Second, Professor Heinsohn has used his analytical skills for optimal conservation planning. For example, working with BirdLife and the Regent Honeyeater recovery team in 2021, he led a population viability analysis to identify the levels of nest protection and captive breeding necessary for population recovery. This analysis is an essential part of the blueprint for reviving the fortunes of Regent Honeyeaters over the next 20 years. Further analyses of hard won field data led Professor Heinsohn to advocate successfully for changes in conservation status of Palm Cockatoos (Endangered) and Swift Parrots (Critically Endangered). Third, a high level of media and public engagement, recognised by multiple ANU media awards, has promoted understanding and funding for endangered species. For ex
罗伯特·海因索恩教授对鸟类行为和保护的热情始于20世纪80年代他在澳大利亚国立大学的荣誉和博士项目,研究的是白翅鸟。从那时起,他对一些最具挑战性和濒危的鸟类物种进行了开创性的研究,包括燕鹦鹉、橙腹鹦鹉、棕榈凤头鹦鹉、折衷鹦鹉、四十斑鹦鹉、诺福克岛绿鹦鹉和摄政蜜鹦鹉。他发表了200篇论文和两本书,在学术和保护领域产生了深远的影响,其中包括在最高级学术期刊(如《科学》)上发表的文章。Heinsohn教授在鸟类行为方面的里程碑式研究包括他发现了白翅鸟的绑架行为、Eclectus鹦鹉极端性别二色性的原因、分析了棕榈凤头鹦鹉的工具使用和有节奏的鼓声,以及引入捕食者对雨燕鹦鹉交配系统和性别分配的影响。他的研究使澳大利亚鸟类成为行为和进化过程的教科书范例(例如Davies等人。2012年《行为生态学导论》,Wiley-Blackwell;Lovette & Fitzpatrick 2016年鸟类生物学手册,Wiley)。他与人合写了《繁荣与萧条:干旱国家的鸟类故事》一书,探讨了澳大利亚鸟类对不稳定天气的适应,并获得了澳大利亚最负盛名的动物学出版物奖——2009年惠特利奖章(新南威尔士州皇家动物学会)。他担任《鸸鹋南方鸟类学》副主编十多年,并于2019年与人合编了一本关于鹦鹉的特刊。海因索恩教授的研究在四个关键方面对澳大利亚鸟类的保护产生了巨大影响。首先,他和他的团队发现了一系列以前未知的威胁,并设计了许多创新的解决方案。例如,他的团队开发了高科技的巢箱,以保护雨燕鹦鹉免受灾难性的捕食,为四十斑雨燕提供经过杀虫剂处理的羽毛,从而使它们能够自我熏蒸鸟巢,防止寄生苍蝇,以及教被囚禁的摄金蜂蜜鸟在释放时唱正确的歌。其次,海因索恩教授运用他的分析能力制定了最佳的保护规划。例如,他在2021年与国际鸟盟和摄政蜜水恢复团队合作,领导了一项种群生存能力分析,以确定种群恢复所需的巢穴保护和圈养繁殖水平。这一分析是未来20年瑞金特饮蜜者复兴蓝图的重要组成部分。通过对来之不易的野外数据的进一步分析,海因索恩教授成功地倡导改变棕榈凤头鹦鹉(濒危)和雨燕鹦鹉(极度濒危)的保护状况。第三,获得澳大利亚国立大学多个媒体奖项认可的高水平媒体和公众参与,促进了对濒危物种的理解和资助。例如,他的研究被美国广播公司的纪录片《澳大利亚:鹦鹉之地》(Australia: Land of parrot)收录;BBC制作的多部作品,畅销书作家詹妮弗·阿克曼的《鸟之路》;并为广播、报纸和网络媒体撰写了数十篇报道,触及数百万人。他和他的团队还开展了非常成功的众筹活动,吸引了大量公众参与,并为研究筹集了数十万美元。最后,海因索恩教授在下一代动物学家和保护科学家身上投入了大量资金。他是30名博士生的导师,获得了澳大利亚国立大学导师奖,并指导了9名博士后。海因索恩教授对鸟类研究和保护的坚定不移的奉献精神鼓舞了所有与他一起工作的人,他完全应该获得澳大利亚鸟类联盟的DL Serventy奖章。《鸸鹋南方鸟类学2023》,第123卷,第123期。3,260 https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2226342
{"title":"2023 DL Serventy Medal Citation","authors":"R. Heinsohn","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2023.2226342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2226342","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Robert Heinsohn’s passion for bird behaviour and conservation began with his honours and PhD projects on white-winged choughs at the Australian National University in the 1980s. Since then, he has conducted ground-breaking research on some of our most challenging and endangered avian species, including Swift Parrots, Orange-bellied Parrots, Palm Cockatoos, Eclectus Parrots, Forty-spotted Pardalotes, Norfolk Island Green Parrots and Regent Honeyeaters. He has published 200 papers and two books with profound impact in academic and conservation spheres, including publications in the highest ranking academic journals (eg Science). Professor Heinsohn’s landmark research in bird behaviour includes his discovery of kidnapping in white-winged choughs, the causes of extreme sexual dichromatism in Eclectus parrots, analysis of tool use and rhythmic drumming in Palm Cockatoos, and the impacts of introduced predators on the mating system and sex allocation of Swift Parrots. His research has established Australian birds as textbook examples of behavioural and evolutionary processes (eg Davies et al. 2012 An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell; Lovette & Fitzpatrick 2016 Handbook of Bird Biology, Wiley). His co-edited book Boom and Bust: Bird Stories for a Dry Country explored the adaptations of Australian birds to erratic weather and won Australia’s most prestigious award for zoological publications, the 2009 Whitley Medal (Royal Zoological Society, NSW). He served as Associate Editor for Emu Austral Ornithology for over a decade, and co-edited a special issue on parrots in 2019. Professor Heinsohn’s research has had immense impact on the conservation of Australian birds in four key ways. First, he and his team have discovered a range of previously unknown threats and devised numerous innovative solutions. Examples include his group’s development of hi-tech nest boxes to protect Swift Parrots from catastrophic predation, providing feathers treated with insecticide to Fortyspotted Pardalotes, thereby enabling them to self-fumigate their nests against parasitic flies, and teaching captive reared Regent Honeyeaters to sing the correct song upon release. Second, Professor Heinsohn has used his analytical skills for optimal conservation planning. For example, working with BirdLife and the Regent Honeyeater recovery team in 2021, he led a population viability analysis to identify the levels of nest protection and captive breeding necessary for population recovery. This analysis is an essential part of the blueprint for reviving the fortunes of Regent Honeyeaters over the next 20 years. Further analyses of hard won field data led Professor Heinsohn to advocate successfully for changes in conservation status of Palm Cockatoos (Endangered) and Swift Parrots (Critically Endangered). Third, a high level of media and public engagement, recognised by multiple ANU media awards, has promoted understanding and funding for endangered species. For ex","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":"260 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85036739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}