ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel design for a low-profile Fabry–Perot resonator antenna (FPRA) that operates at two distinct frequency bands using a single partially reflecting surface (PRS). The PRS is composed of two different types of unit cells arranged in a staggered fashion. These unit cells are comprised of double-sided complementary structures, including a square patch with a square aperture and a circular ring with a circular ring slot. To reduce the overall profile of the antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is utilized as the reflection plane. The proposed design employs a dual-band slotted patch antenna as the primary source. The overall dimensions of the FPRA are 91 mm×91 mm×5.54 mm. The performance of the prototype antenna is validated through measurement, demonstrating peak gains of 14.1 and 16.1 dBi at frequencies of 6.65 and 12.05 GHz, respectively. Additionally, the antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 6.5–6.8 GHz and 12.15–12.23 GHz at the two frequency bands.KEYWORDS: Dual-bandFabry–Perotlow-profilepartially reflecting surface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [62071282]; Open Foundation of China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effect [ZBKF2022020102].
{"title":"A dual-band low-profile Fabry–Perot resonator antenna with single partially reflecting surface","authors":"Yufeng Liu, Lei Xu, Xiaolei Zhao, Jiao Zhang, Shen Wang, Wenmei Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2276428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2276428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel design for a low-profile Fabry–Perot resonator antenna (FPRA) that operates at two distinct frequency bands using a single partially reflecting surface (PRS). The PRS is composed of two different types of unit cells arranged in a staggered fashion. These unit cells are comprised of double-sided complementary structures, including a square patch with a square aperture and a circular ring with a circular ring slot. To reduce the overall profile of the antenna, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is utilized as the reflection plane. The proposed design employs a dual-band slotted patch antenna as the primary source. The overall dimensions of the FPRA are 91 mm×91 mm×5.54 mm. The performance of the prototype antenna is validated through measurement, demonstrating peak gains of 14.1 and 16.1 dBi at frequencies of 6.65 and 12.05 GHz, respectively. Additionally, the antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 6.5–6.8 GHz and 12.15–12.23 GHz at the two frequency bands.KEYWORDS: Dual-bandFabry–Perotlow-profilepartially reflecting surface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [62071282]; Open Foundation of China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effect [ZBKF2022020102].","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2269829
Wei Luo, Meilin Liu, Zihao Wang
ABSTRACTA hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is proposed for the wideband millimeter-wave communication. The radiator is composed with a pair of stacked dielectric resonators (DRs), which are H-shaped and Hexagon-shaped DRs, respectively. The dual-slots on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity are utilized for higher mode generation in the DRA element. The antenna bandwidth is improved by the stacked DRs and dual-slot feeding. The structural characteristics and key parameters of feeding slots are discussed in detail. The DRA array fed with parallel power distribution feeding network is fabricated and measured to verify the reliability of the simulations, and the simulations and measurements have reasonable consistency. The impedance bandwidth is from 23.55 GHz to 27.28 GHz (14.7%), and the measured gain ranges from 13.1 dBi to 15.7 dBi. The radiation patterns are stable in the operation band. The proposed DRA array has a promising application prospect for 5 G communication system.KEYWORDS: Dielectric resonator antennadual-slotsmillimeter-wavestacked structure AcknowledgmentsThis work was funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant number 2022MD723726.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2022MD723726].
{"title":"Wideband millimeter-wave hybrid dielectric resonator antenna array with dual-slot feeding","authors":"Wei Luo, Meilin Liu, Zihao Wang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2269829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2269829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is proposed for the wideband millimeter-wave communication. The radiator is composed with a pair of stacked dielectric resonators (DRs), which are H-shaped and Hexagon-shaped DRs, respectively. The dual-slots on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity are utilized for higher mode generation in the DRA element. The antenna bandwidth is improved by the stacked DRs and dual-slot feeding. The structural characteristics and key parameters of feeding slots are discussed in detail. The DRA array fed with parallel power distribution feeding network is fabricated and measured to verify the reliability of the simulations, and the simulations and measurements have reasonable consistency. The impedance bandwidth is from 23.55 GHz to 27.28 GHz (14.7%), and the measured gain ranges from 13.1 dBi to 15.7 dBi. The radiation patterns are stable in the operation band. The proposed DRA array has a promising application prospect for 5 G communication system.KEYWORDS: Dielectric resonator antennadual-slotsmillimeter-wavestacked structure AcknowledgmentsThis work was funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant number 2022MD723726.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2022MD723726].","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"13 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676
Kexin Yang, Juan Xu, Hui Pang
ABSTRACTA broadband low profile magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna is proposed which can control the steering of the antenna beam in the elevation plane and azimuth plane. A reflective phase gradient metasurface (RPGMS) is designed to act as the partially reflecting surface of the antenna and provides two different phase shifts for it. By rotating and translating RPGMS around the center of the antenna can reshape the wavefront shape, realize beam steering with directions (θ, ϕ)= (±40°, 0°), (±30°, 0°), (±20°, 0°), (±20°, 90°). The results of full wave simulation are in good agreement with the measured results, the beam tilted range of ± 40° in E-plane and ± 20° in H-plane are obtained at 8 GHz. The bandwidth is between 42.5% and 48.4%, with a maximum gain of 6.29dBi.KEYWORDS: Antennabeam controlbroadbandmetasurface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project number 61701278.
{"title":"Modulation of antenna beam in both elevation and azimuth planes by reflective phase gradient metasurface","authors":"Kexin Yang, Juan Xu, Hui Pang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA broadband low profile magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna is proposed which can control the steering of the antenna beam in the elevation plane and azimuth plane. A reflective phase gradient metasurface (RPGMS) is designed to act as the partially reflecting surface of the antenna and provides two different phase shifts for it. By rotating and translating RPGMS around the center of the antenna can reshape the wavefront shape, realize beam steering with directions (θ, ϕ)= (±40°, 0°), (±30°, 0°), (±20°, 0°), (±20°, 90°). The results of full wave simulation are in good agreement with the measured results, the beam tilted range of ± 40° in E-plane and ± 20° in H-plane are obtained at 8 GHz. The bandwidth is between 42.5% and 48.4%, with a maximum gain of 6.29dBi.KEYWORDS: Antennabeam controlbroadbandmetasurface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project number 61701278.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTIn this work, an ultra-wideband coding phase gradient metasurface (CPGM) is proposed for radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The design process is presented in detail, in which eight types of coding elements are proposed firstly by using Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase. The eight types of coding elements have different reflection direction or phase response under the same EM-wave incidence for they can introduce a series of phase gradients with different directions or starting-values under both right-handed and left-handed circular-polarized incidences, so the proposed CPGM composed of these coding elements has excellent performance in RCS reduction. The simulated results show that, compared with a pure metallic plate with the same size, the RCS of the CPGM can be reduced more than 10 dB in the ultra-wide frequency band of 9.2–46.2 GHz under normal incidence with arbitrary polarization, the relative bandwidth is up to 133.6%; moreover, the RCS reduction under oblique incidence with arbitrary polarization can still be kept larger than 9.3 dB in the frequency band of 13.1–42.5 GHz when the incident angle is increased to 45°. Finally, one experiment is carried out, a reasonable agreement exists between the simulated and experimental results.KEYWORDS: metasurfacePancharatnam-Berry phaseRadar cross section (RCS) AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62072378) and High Level Talent Special Fund of Xijing University (Program No. XJ21B05).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [62072378].
{"title":"An ultra-wideband coding phase gradient metasurface for RCS reduction","authors":"Baoqin Lin, Wenzhun Huang, Jianxin Guo, Zuliang Wang, Baigang Huang, Kaibo Si","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2265290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2265290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this work, an ultra-wideband coding phase gradient metasurface (CPGM) is proposed for radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The design process is presented in detail, in which eight types of coding elements are proposed firstly by using Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase. The eight types of coding elements have different reflection direction or phase response under the same EM-wave incidence for they can introduce a series of phase gradients with different directions or starting-values under both right-handed and left-handed circular-polarized incidences, so the proposed CPGM composed of these coding elements has excellent performance in RCS reduction. The simulated results show that, compared with a pure metallic plate with the same size, the RCS of the CPGM can be reduced more than 10 dB in the ultra-wide frequency band of 9.2–46.2 GHz under normal incidence with arbitrary polarization, the relative bandwidth is up to 133.6%; moreover, the RCS reduction under oblique incidence with arbitrary polarization can still be kept larger than 9.3 dB in the frequency band of 13.1–42.5 GHz when the incident angle is increased to 45°. Finally, one experiment is carried out, a reasonable agreement exists between the simulated and experimental results.KEYWORDS: metasurfacePancharatnam-Berry phaseRadar cross section (RCS) AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62072378) and High Level Talent Special Fund of Xijing University (Program No. XJ21B05).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [62072378].","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760
Lichao Hao, Dong Yang, Lei Wang
ABSTRACTA new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector is proposed in this work. The cross-dipole CP antenna is composed of four rotated L-shaped patches, a pair of vacant-quarter feeding loops as sequential-phase feeding network, two modified trapezoid-microstrip lines as impedance tuner, and a square-cavity reflector with four parasitic strips. Different from the traditional vacant-quarter rings, the modified vacant-quarter loops with trapezoid-microstrip lines are utilized to increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide 90° phase difference. First, the rotated L-shaped patches are used to obtain wide CP operation. Second, a square-cavity reflector is utilized for enhancing the radiation gains. Moreover, four parasitic strips are inserted into the reflector to increase the CP bandwidth. Therefore, multiple CP resonant points could be stimulated simultaneously by fully utilizing these elements, resulting in a wide CP performance. Finally, the proposed cross-dipole CP antenna has a wider −10 dB IBW of 100% (1.0–3.0, 2.0 GHz), broader 3-dB ARBW of 71.2% (1.25–2.65, 1.95 GHz), and a higher radiation gain, which can cover the WiBro (2.3–2.39 GHz) and GPS (L1 1.575 GHz) bands.KEYWORDS: Circularly polarized (CP)cross-dipole antennaparasitic elementsterms—broadband AcknowledgementThis research was funded by Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Functional Materials and Devices (121PYFZX178); Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement Techniques and Applications (201791); co- operative education project of the Ministry of Education (20180233002); and cooperative education project of the Ministry of Education (202002179007).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"A new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector","authors":"Lichao Hao, Dong Yang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector is proposed in this work. The cross-dipole CP antenna is composed of four rotated L-shaped patches, a pair of vacant-quarter feeding loops as sequential-phase feeding network, two modified trapezoid-microstrip lines as impedance tuner, and a square-cavity reflector with four parasitic strips. Different from the traditional vacant-quarter rings, the modified vacant-quarter loops with trapezoid-microstrip lines are utilized to increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide 90° phase difference. First, the rotated L-shaped patches are used to obtain wide CP operation. Second, a square-cavity reflector is utilized for enhancing the radiation gains. Moreover, four parasitic strips are inserted into the reflector to increase the CP bandwidth. Therefore, multiple CP resonant points could be stimulated simultaneously by fully utilizing these elements, resulting in a wide CP performance. Finally, the proposed cross-dipole CP antenna has a wider −10 dB IBW of 100% (1.0–3.0, 2.0 GHz), broader 3-dB ARBW of 71.2% (1.25–2.65, 1.95 GHz), and a higher radiation gain, which can cover the WiBro (2.3–2.39 GHz) and GPS (L1 1.575 GHz) bands.KEYWORDS: Circularly polarized (CP)cross-dipole antennaparasitic elementsterms—broadband AcknowledgementThis research was funded by Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Functional Materials and Devices (121PYFZX178); Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement Techniques and Applications (201791); co- operative education project of the Ministry of Education (20180233002); and cooperative education project of the Ministry of Education (202002179007).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292
Khushboo Pachori, Amit Prakash, Nagendra Kumar
ABSTRACTIn this communication, a metasurface-loaded ceramic-based dual port antenna is designed and raised via artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and XG Boost. With the assistance of these algorithms, a reliable and flexible framework is obtained to predict the optimized design parameters of the proposed radiator. To confirm the accuracy of these ML algorithms, predicted outcomes is compared with outcomes obtained from HFSS and fabricated prototype. The predicted results are very well matched with practical conclusion. The designed radiator operates from 2.55 to 3.2 GHz, along with supporting circularly polarized waves from 2.67 to 3.1 GHz. These appearances make the proposed aerial suitable for the sub-6 GHz frequency band.KEYWORDS: Artificial neural networkcircular polarizationdielectric resonator antennaK-nearest neighborXG boost Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Performance prediction of metasurface-loaded ceramic-based MIMO antenna for B41/n41 bands using ML algorithms","authors":"Khushboo Pachori, Amit Prakash, Nagendra Kumar","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this communication, a metasurface-loaded ceramic-based dual port antenna is designed and raised via artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and XG Boost. With the assistance of these algorithms, a reliable and flexible framework is obtained to predict the optimized design parameters of the proposed radiator. To confirm the accuracy of these ML algorithms, predicted outcomes is compared with outcomes obtained from HFSS and fabricated prototype. The predicted results are very well matched with practical conclusion. The designed radiator operates from 2.55 to 3.2 GHz, along with supporting circularly polarized waves from 2.67 to 3.1 GHz. These appearances make the proposed aerial suitable for the sub-6 GHz frequency band.KEYWORDS: Artificial neural networkcircular polarizationdielectric resonator antennaK-nearest neighborXG boost Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187
Srinivas Guthi, Vakula Damera
ABSTRACTIn this paper, a single-layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna is presented for a 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). The Metasurface is designed with an array of patches and these patches are excited by four uniform aperture CPW feed MIMO antennas. The stubs are added across the aperture and central patches at respective apertures are increased to achieve broad bandwidth. Truncated corner square patches are used for the metasurface to achieve circular polarization (CP). The CP MIMO antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 33% (4.35 GHz-6.08 GHz), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.95% (5.18 GHz-5.8 GHz) and a gain of 8dBi.KEYWORDS: Broadband circular polarizationCPW fed aperturemetasurfaceMIMO antennatruncated corner square patch Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"A single layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna based on metasurface with aperture CPW feed","authors":"Srinivas Guthi, Vakula Damera","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, a single-layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna is presented for a 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). The Metasurface is designed with an array of patches and these patches are excited by four uniform aperture CPW feed MIMO antennas. The stubs are added across the aperture and central patches at respective apertures are increased to achieve broad bandwidth. Truncated corner square patches are used for the metasurface to achieve circular polarization (CP). The CP MIMO antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 33% (4.35 GHz-6.08 GHz), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.95% (5.18 GHz-5.8 GHz) and a gain of 8dBi.KEYWORDS: Broadband circular polarizationCPW fed aperturemetasurfaceMIMO antennatruncated corner square patch Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524
Sujoy Mandal, Sujit Kumar Mandal
ABSTRACTIn nonuniform time-modulated array (NTMA), despite modulating the antenna elements with nonidentical modulation frequencies, some harmonics may overlap in space at a particular frequency. In this paper, considering the overlapping and nonoverlapping nature of the radiated harmonics, the mathematical formulations for calculating the total sideband power (PSR) loss of nondegenerate NTMA (ND-NTMA) and degenerate NTMA (D-NTMA) using pulse shifting strategy are presented. Employing the derived closed-form expressions, the effect of shifting the pulse position on PSR is studied. It is investigated that, though the PSR of ND-NTMA does not depend on the shifted pulse position, for D-NTMA, it depends on the intersected switching time duration of the pulses. Through representative numerical results, it is shown that the derived expression is useful to accurately calculate the total sideband power of NTMA with pulse-shifting strategy.KEYWORDS: Harmonic powernon-uniform period modulationpulse-shiftingsideband radiation (SR)time-modulated array AcknowledgmentsThis work is financially supported by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India under Visvesvaraya Young Faculty Fellowship of Visvesvaraya Ph.D. scheme (Grant No. PhD-MLA-4(29)/2015-16) and the work is under DST-SERB project Ref. file number EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the DST-SERB [EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017]; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology [PhD-MLA-4(29)/ 2015-16].
{"title":"Effect of Pulse-Shifting on Calculating Sideband Power Losses in Non-uniform Time-Modulated Array","authors":"Sujoy Mandal, Sujit Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn nonuniform time-modulated array (NTMA), despite modulating the antenna elements with nonidentical modulation frequencies, some harmonics may overlap in space at a particular frequency. In this paper, considering the overlapping and nonoverlapping nature of the radiated harmonics, the mathematical formulations for calculating the total sideband power (PSR) loss of nondegenerate NTMA (ND-NTMA) and degenerate NTMA (D-NTMA) using pulse shifting strategy are presented. Employing the derived closed-form expressions, the effect of shifting the pulse position on PSR is studied. It is investigated that, though the PSR of ND-NTMA does not depend on the shifted pulse position, for D-NTMA, it depends on the intersected switching time duration of the pulses. Through representative numerical results, it is shown that the derived expression is useful to accurately calculate the total sideband power of NTMA with pulse-shifting strategy.KEYWORDS: Harmonic powernon-uniform period modulationpulse-shiftingsideband radiation (SR)time-modulated array AcknowledgmentsThis work is financially supported by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India under Visvesvaraya Young Faculty Fellowship of Visvesvaraya Ph.D. scheme (Grant No. PhD-MLA-4(29)/2015-16) and the work is under DST-SERB project Ref. file number EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the DST-SERB [EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017]; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology [PhD-MLA-4(29)/ 2015-16].","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"121 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527
Mostafa Danaeian
ABSTRACTIn this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.KEYWORDS: Compact sizearbitrary power divisionelectric dipolesevanescent mode techniquefiltering power divider (FPD)half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)metamaterial Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsMostafa Danaeian conceived of the presented idea, developed the theory and performed the computations. Mostafa Danaeian verified the analytical methods and discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsData sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.Ethical ApprovalThe paper reflects the author's own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.
{"title":"Super-compact equal/unequal half-mode substrate integrated waveguide filtering power dividers using complementary G-shaped resonator","authors":"Mostafa Danaeian","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.KEYWORDS: Compact sizearbitrary power divisionelectric dipolesevanescent mode techniquefiltering power divider (FPD)half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)metamaterial Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsMostafa Danaeian conceived of the presented idea, developed the theory and performed the computations. Mostafa Danaeian verified the analytical methods and discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsData sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.Ethical ApprovalThe paper reflects the author's own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, a dual-port ceramic-based radiator is discussed and examined. A pentagon-shaped slot is used to excite the cylindrical-shaped dielectric, which stimulates HEM11δ mode in it. A meta-surface is placed over the dual-port radiator for transforming linear waves into circularly polarized (CP) waves from 5.51 to 6.01 GHz. LHCP antenna gain is also increased from 6.0 to 9.0 dBi within the working frequency range, after applying the proposed meta-surface. Experimental verification of antenna prototype confirms the working band of the proposed radiator from 5.25 to 6.17 GHz. The isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB, which is in the acceptable limit. The better value of far-field and diversity factors confirms the suitability of the proposed antenna in wireless LAN (5.5 GHz) applications.
{"title":"Linear to circular polarized wave convertor loaded dual port dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced gain for WLAN applications","authors":"Abhay Krishna Yadav, Sudhanshu Verma, Krishna Kanth Varma Penmatsa, Anand Sharma","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257525","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a dual-port ceramic-based radiator is discussed and examined. A pentagon-shaped slot is used to excite the cylindrical-shaped dielectric, which stimulates HEM11δ mode in it. A meta-surface is placed over the dual-port radiator for transforming linear waves into circularly polarized (CP) waves from 5.51 to 6.01 GHz. LHCP antenna gain is also increased from 6.0 to 9.0 dBi within the working frequency range, after applying the proposed meta-surface. Experimental verification of antenna prototype confirms the working band of the proposed radiator from 5.25 to 6.17 GHz. The isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB, which is in the acceptable limit. The better value of far-field and diversity factors confirms the suitability of the proposed antenna in wireless LAN (5.5 GHz) applications.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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