Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676
Kexin Yang, Juan Xu, Hui Pang
ABSTRACTA broadband low profile magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna is proposed which can control the steering of the antenna beam in the elevation plane and azimuth plane. A reflective phase gradient metasurface (RPGMS) is designed to act as the partially reflecting surface of the antenna and provides two different phase shifts for it. By rotating and translating RPGMS around the center of the antenna can reshape the wavefront shape, realize beam steering with directions (θ, ϕ)= (±40°, 0°), (±30°, 0°), (±20°, 0°), (±20°, 90°). The results of full wave simulation are in good agreement with the measured results, the beam tilted range of ± 40° in E-plane and ± 20° in H-plane are obtained at 8 GHz. The bandwidth is between 42.5% and 48.4%, with a maximum gain of 6.29dBi.KEYWORDS: Antennabeam controlbroadbandmetasurface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project number 61701278.
{"title":"Modulation of antenna beam in both elevation and azimuth planes by reflective phase gradient metasurface","authors":"Kexin Yang, Juan Xu, Hui Pang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2269676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA broadband low profile magneto-electric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna is proposed which can control the steering of the antenna beam in the elevation plane and azimuth plane. A reflective phase gradient metasurface (RPGMS) is designed to act as the partially reflecting surface of the antenna and provides two different phase shifts for it. By rotating and translating RPGMS around the center of the antenna can reshape the wavefront shape, realize beam steering with directions (θ, ϕ)= (±40°, 0°), (±30°, 0°), (±20°, 0°), (±20°, 90°). The results of full wave simulation are in good agreement with the measured results, the beam tilted range of ± 40° in E-plane and ± 20° in H-plane are obtained at 8 GHz. The bandwidth is between 42.5% and 48.4%, with a maximum gain of 6.29dBi.KEYWORDS: Antennabeam controlbroadbandmetasurface Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project number 61701278.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760
Lichao Hao, Dong Yang, Lei Wang
ABSTRACTA new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector is proposed in this work. The cross-dipole CP antenna is composed of four rotated L-shaped patches, a pair of vacant-quarter feeding loops as sequential-phase feeding network, two modified trapezoid-microstrip lines as impedance tuner, and a square-cavity reflector with four parasitic strips. Different from the traditional vacant-quarter rings, the modified vacant-quarter loops with trapezoid-microstrip lines are utilized to increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide 90° phase difference. First, the rotated L-shaped patches are used to obtain wide CP operation. Second, a square-cavity reflector is utilized for enhancing the radiation gains. Moreover, four parasitic strips are inserted into the reflector to increase the CP bandwidth. Therefore, multiple CP resonant points could be stimulated simultaneously by fully utilizing these elements, resulting in a wide CP performance. Finally, the proposed cross-dipole CP antenna has a wider −10 dB IBW of 100% (1.0–3.0, 2.0 GHz), broader 3-dB ARBW of 71.2% (1.25–2.65, 1.95 GHz), and a higher radiation gain, which can cover the WiBro (2.3–2.39 GHz) and GPS (L1 1.575 GHz) bands.KEYWORDS: Circularly polarized (CP)cross-dipole antennaparasitic elementsterms—broadband AcknowledgementThis research was funded by Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Functional Materials and Devices (121PYFZX178); Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement Techniques and Applications (201791); co- operative education project of the Ministry of Education (20180233002); and cooperative education project of the Ministry of Education (202002179007).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"A new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector","authors":"Lichao Hao, Dong Yang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2264760","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA new broadband cross-dipole CP antenna with modified square-cavity reflector is proposed in this work. The cross-dipole CP antenna is composed of four rotated L-shaped patches, a pair of vacant-quarter feeding loops as sequential-phase feeding network, two modified trapezoid-microstrip lines as impedance tuner, and a square-cavity reflector with four parasitic strips. Different from the traditional vacant-quarter rings, the modified vacant-quarter loops with trapezoid-microstrip lines are utilized to increase the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and provide 90° phase difference. First, the rotated L-shaped patches are used to obtain wide CP operation. Second, a square-cavity reflector is utilized for enhancing the radiation gains. Moreover, four parasitic strips are inserted into the reflector to increase the CP bandwidth. Therefore, multiple CP resonant points could be stimulated simultaneously by fully utilizing these elements, resulting in a wide CP performance. Finally, the proposed cross-dipole CP antenna has a wider −10 dB IBW of 100% (1.0–3.0, 2.0 GHz), broader 3-dB ARBW of 71.2% (1.25–2.65, 1.95 GHz), and a higher radiation gain, which can cover the WiBro (2.3–2.39 GHz) and GPS (L1 1.575 GHz) bands.KEYWORDS: Circularly polarized (CP)cross-dipole antennaparasitic elementsterms—broadband AcknowledgementThis research was funded by Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Functional Materials and Devices (121PYFZX178); Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement Techniques and Applications (201791); co- operative education project of the Ministry of Education (20180233002); and cooperative education project of the Ministry of Education (202002179007).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292
Khushboo Pachori, Amit Prakash, Nagendra Kumar
ABSTRACTIn this communication, a metasurface-loaded ceramic-based dual port antenna is designed and raised via artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and XG Boost. With the assistance of these algorithms, a reliable and flexible framework is obtained to predict the optimized design parameters of the proposed radiator. To confirm the accuracy of these ML algorithms, predicted outcomes is compared with outcomes obtained from HFSS and fabricated prototype. The predicted results are very well matched with practical conclusion. The designed radiator operates from 2.55 to 3.2 GHz, along with supporting circularly polarized waves from 2.67 to 3.1 GHz. These appearances make the proposed aerial suitable for the sub-6 GHz frequency band.KEYWORDS: Artificial neural networkcircular polarizationdielectric resonator antennaK-nearest neighborXG boost Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Performance prediction of metasurface-loaded ceramic-based MIMO antenna for B41/n41 bands using ML algorithms","authors":"Khushboo Pachori, Amit Prakash, Nagendra Kumar","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2265292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this communication, a metasurface-loaded ceramic-based dual port antenna is designed and raised via artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and XG Boost. With the assistance of these algorithms, a reliable and flexible framework is obtained to predict the optimized design parameters of the proposed radiator. To confirm the accuracy of these ML algorithms, predicted outcomes is compared with outcomes obtained from HFSS and fabricated prototype. The predicted results are very well matched with practical conclusion. The designed radiator operates from 2.55 to 3.2 GHz, along with supporting circularly polarized waves from 2.67 to 3.1 GHz. These appearances make the proposed aerial suitable for the sub-6 GHz frequency band.KEYWORDS: Artificial neural networkcircular polarizationdielectric resonator antennaK-nearest neighborXG boost Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187
Srinivas Guthi, Vakula Damera
ABSTRACTIn this paper, a single-layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna is presented for a 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). The Metasurface is designed with an array of patches and these patches are excited by four uniform aperture CPW feed MIMO antennas. The stubs are added across the aperture and central patches at respective apertures are increased to achieve broad bandwidth. Truncated corner square patches are used for the metasurface to achieve circular polarization (CP). The CP MIMO antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 33% (4.35 GHz-6.08 GHz), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.95% (5.18 GHz-5.8 GHz) and a gain of 8dBi.KEYWORDS: Broadband circular polarizationCPW fed aperturemetasurfaceMIMO antennatruncated corner square patch Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"A single layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna based on metasurface with aperture CPW feed","authors":"Srinivas Guthi, Vakula Damera","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2263187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, a single-layered broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna is presented for a 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). The Metasurface is designed with an array of patches and these patches are excited by four uniform aperture CPW feed MIMO antennas. The stubs are added across the aperture and central patches at respective apertures are increased to achieve broad bandwidth. Truncated corner square patches are used for the metasurface to achieve circular polarization (CP). The CP MIMO antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 33% (4.35 GHz-6.08 GHz), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.95% (5.18 GHz-5.8 GHz) and a gain of 8dBi.KEYWORDS: Broadband circular polarizationCPW fed aperturemetasurfaceMIMO antennatruncated corner square patch Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524
Sujoy Mandal, Sujit Kumar Mandal
ABSTRACTIn nonuniform time-modulated array (NTMA), despite modulating the antenna elements with nonidentical modulation frequencies, some harmonics may overlap in space at a particular frequency. In this paper, considering the overlapping and nonoverlapping nature of the radiated harmonics, the mathematical formulations for calculating the total sideband power (PSR) loss of nondegenerate NTMA (ND-NTMA) and degenerate NTMA (D-NTMA) using pulse shifting strategy are presented. Employing the derived closed-form expressions, the effect of shifting the pulse position on PSR is studied. It is investigated that, though the PSR of ND-NTMA does not depend on the shifted pulse position, for D-NTMA, it depends on the intersected switching time duration of the pulses. Through representative numerical results, it is shown that the derived expression is useful to accurately calculate the total sideband power of NTMA with pulse-shifting strategy.KEYWORDS: Harmonic powernon-uniform period modulationpulse-shiftingsideband radiation (SR)time-modulated array AcknowledgmentsThis work is financially supported by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India under Visvesvaraya Young Faculty Fellowship of Visvesvaraya Ph.D. scheme (Grant No. PhD-MLA-4(29)/2015-16) and the work is under DST-SERB project Ref. file number EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the DST-SERB [EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017]; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology [PhD-MLA-4(29)/ 2015-16].
{"title":"Effect of Pulse-Shifting on Calculating Sideband Power Losses in Non-uniform Time-Modulated Array","authors":"Sujoy Mandal, Sujit Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn nonuniform time-modulated array (NTMA), despite modulating the antenna elements with nonidentical modulation frequencies, some harmonics may overlap in space at a particular frequency. In this paper, considering the overlapping and nonoverlapping nature of the radiated harmonics, the mathematical formulations for calculating the total sideband power (PSR) loss of nondegenerate NTMA (ND-NTMA) and degenerate NTMA (D-NTMA) using pulse shifting strategy are presented. Employing the derived closed-form expressions, the effect of shifting the pulse position on PSR is studied. It is investigated that, though the PSR of ND-NTMA does not depend on the shifted pulse position, for D-NTMA, it depends on the intersected switching time duration of the pulses. Through representative numerical results, it is shown that the derived expression is useful to accurately calculate the total sideband power of NTMA with pulse-shifting strategy.KEYWORDS: Harmonic powernon-uniform period modulationpulse-shiftingsideband radiation (SR)time-modulated array AcknowledgmentsThis work is financially supported by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India under Visvesvaraya Young Faculty Fellowship of Visvesvaraya Ph.D. scheme (Grant No. PhD-MLA-4(29)/2015-16) and the work is under DST-SERB project Ref. file number EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the DST-SERB [EEQ/2016/00836, dated January 17, 2017]; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology [PhD-MLA-4(29)/ 2015-16].","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527
Mostafa Danaeian
ABSTRACTIn this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.KEYWORDS: Compact sizearbitrary power divisionelectric dipolesevanescent mode techniquefiltering power divider (FPD)half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)metamaterial Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsMostafa Danaeian conceived of the presented idea, developed the theory and performed the computations. Mostafa Danaeian verified the analytical methods and discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsData sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.Ethical ApprovalThe paper reflects the author's own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.
{"title":"Super-compact equal/unequal half-mode substrate integrated waveguide filtering power dividers using complementary G-shaped resonator","authors":"Mostafa Danaeian","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.KEYWORDS: Compact sizearbitrary power divisionelectric dipolesevanescent mode techniquefiltering power divider (FPD)half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)metamaterial Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsMostafa Danaeian conceived of the presented idea, developed the theory and performed the computations. Mostafa Danaeian verified the analytical methods and discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.Availability of data and materialsData sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.Ethical ApprovalThe paper reflects the author's own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, a dual-port ceramic-based radiator is discussed and examined. A pentagon-shaped slot is used to excite the cylindrical-shaped dielectric, which stimulates HEM11δ mode in it. A meta-surface is placed over the dual-port radiator for transforming linear waves into circularly polarized (CP) waves from 5.51 to 6.01 GHz. LHCP antenna gain is also increased from 6.0 to 9.0 dBi within the working frequency range, after applying the proposed meta-surface. Experimental verification of antenna prototype confirms the working band of the proposed radiator from 5.25 to 6.17 GHz. The isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB, which is in the acceptable limit. The better value of far-field and diversity factors confirms the suitability of the proposed antenna in wireless LAN (5.5 GHz) applications.
{"title":"Linear to circular polarized wave convertor loaded dual port dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced gain for WLAN applications","authors":"Abhay Krishna Yadav, Sudhanshu Verma, Krishna Kanth Varma Penmatsa, Anand Sharma","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2257525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2257525","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a dual-port ceramic-based radiator is discussed and examined. A pentagon-shaped slot is used to excite the cylindrical-shaped dielectric, which stimulates HEM11δ mode in it. A meta-surface is placed over the dual-port radiator for transforming linear waves into circularly polarized (CP) waves from 5.51 to 6.01 GHz. LHCP antenna gain is also increased from 6.0 to 9.0 dBi within the working frequency range, after applying the proposed meta-surface. Experimental verification of antenna prototype confirms the working band of the proposed radiator from 5.25 to 6.17 GHz. The isolation between the ports is more than 20 dB, which is in the acceptable limit. The better value of far-field and diversity factors confirms the suitability of the proposed antenna in wireless LAN (5.5 GHz) applications.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2244829
Asghar Askarian, F. Parandin
ABSTRACT In this paper, all optical OR, AND, NOR and NAND gates based on linear photonic crystals (LPhCs) have been numerically designed and simulated by the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. The LPhC fundamental structure with cross-section of 114 is used for designing the proposed all optical gates (AOGATEs), which is composed of 15 × 23 cubic matrix of dielectric silicon rods in air substrate. The mechanism of the proposed AOGATEs is performed based on phase shift keying (PSK) technique and beam interference effect. Simulation results by FDTD approach illustrate the minimum contrast ratio of 8.88 and 10.31 dB for all optical AND/NOR and OR/NAND logic gates, respectively. Also, the minimum bit rate is obtained as 3.34 Tb/s for AND/NOR and 5 Tb/s for OR/NAND logic gates.
{"title":"Investigations of all-optical gates based on linear photonic crystals using the PSK technique and beam interference effect","authors":"Asghar Askarian, F. Parandin","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2244829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2244829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, all optical OR, AND, NOR and NAND gates based on linear photonic crystals (LPhCs) have been numerically designed and simulated by the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. The LPhC fundamental structure with cross-section of 114 is used for designing the proposed all optical gates (AOGATEs), which is composed of 15 × 23 cubic matrix of dielectric silicon rods in air substrate. The mechanism of the proposed AOGATEs is performed based on phase shift keying (PSK) technique and beam interference effect. Simulation results by FDTD approach illustrate the minimum contrast ratio of 8.88 and 10.31 dB for all optical AND/NOR and OR/NAND logic gates, respectively. Also, the minimum bit rate is obtained as 3.34 Tb/s for AND/NOR and 5 Tb/s for OR/NAND logic gates.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44242616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2244830
Venkata A. P. Chavali, A. Deshmukh
ABSTRACT Wideband microstrip antenna is realized by adding more than one resonant modes in the patch. In this paper, on electrically thinner substrate, design of modified shape rectangular microstrip antenna by employing folded rectangular patch is presented for linear polarized wideband response. Unlike the conventional rectangular patch, radiation pattern and resonance frequency at the second-order resonant mode are modified and along with the fundamental mode, yield wider bandwidth. On substrate of thickness 0.045λ0, folded patch design yields bandwidth of more than 20% along with the broadside radiation pattern and gain more than 8 dBi. Against the reported wideband designs, proposed design does not employ parasitic patches, resonant slot, modified ground plane structures, but on thinner substrate achieves the bandwidth of more than 20%. Resonant length formulation and subsequent design methodology are presented, which is useful in realizing similar folded antenna as per the specific frequency band. Simulated results have been experimentally verified, which shows close agreement.
{"title":"Design of folded rectangular microstrip antenna on thinner substrate for wideband response","authors":"Venkata A. P. Chavali, A. Deshmukh","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2244830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2244830","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wideband microstrip antenna is realized by adding more than one resonant modes in the patch. In this paper, on electrically thinner substrate, design of modified shape rectangular microstrip antenna by employing folded rectangular patch is presented for linear polarized wideband response. Unlike the conventional rectangular patch, radiation pattern and resonance frequency at the second-order resonant mode are modified and along with the fundamental mode, yield wider bandwidth. On substrate of thickness 0.045λ0, folded patch design yields bandwidth of more than 20% along with the broadside radiation pattern and gain more than 8 dBi. Against the reported wideband designs, proposed design does not employ parasitic patches, resonant slot, modified ground plane structures, but on thinner substrate achieves the bandwidth of more than 20%. Resonant length formulation and subsequent design methodology are presented, which is useful in realizing similar folded antenna as per the specific frequency band. Simulated results have been experimentally verified, which shows close agreement.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2249293
Zekui Zhang, Wen Zhang
ABSTRACT A new ultra-low profile reconfigurable multi-beam antenna is proposed. It is based on impedance modulated metasurface fed with a one-divide-four electronically controllable feed network. By properly arranging the feed network, six beams at different azimuth planes are formed by controlling four diodes. The gain is enhanced through loading a cross metal strip in the middle of metasurface. The results indicate that the realized antenna has dimensions of 126 mm × 126 mm × 4 mm (equal to 2.1λ0 ×2.1λ0 ×0.067λ0, λ0, wavelength at 5 GHz). Its −10-dB bandwidth is larger than 30.0% (4.28 GHz − 5.79 GHz) when diodes I-V are turned on successively. And it can radiate beams pointing to (0°, 33°), (20°, 44°), (150°, 36°), (180°, 35°). Furthermore, the beams can be steered to (0°, 43°) and (180°, 43°) in case that diodes I&II or III&IV are switched on simultaneously.
{"title":"An ultra-low profile reconfigurable multi-beam antenna based on impedance modulated metasurface","authors":"Zekui Zhang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2249293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2249293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new ultra-low profile reconfigurable multi-beam antenna is proposed. It is based on impedance modulated metasurface fed with a one-divide-four electronically controllable feed network. By properly arranging the feed network, six beams at different azimuth planes are formed by controlling four diodes. The gain is enhanced through loading a cross metal strip in the middle of metasurface. The results indicate that the realized antenna has dimensions of 126 mm × 126 mm × 4 mm (equal to 2.1λ0 ×2.1λ0 ×0.067λ0, λ0, wavelength at 5 GHz). Its −10-dB bandwidth is larger than 30.0% (4.28 GHz − 5.79 GHz) when diodes I-V are turned on successively. And it can radiate beams pointing to (0°, 33°), (20°, 44°), (150°, 36°), (180°, 35°). Furthermore, the beams can be steered to (0°, 43°) and (180°, 43°) in case that diodes I&II or III&IV are switched on simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49297187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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