Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259931
M. D. Lieu, Trung Nam Doan, Thi Phuong Tran, Thi Hong Cam Tran, Thi Kim Thuy Dang
Agarwood leaves (Aquilaria spp.) have been shown to benefit human health due to their bioactive compounds. However, studies on extraction methods for these beneficial compounds from agarwood leaves have been poorly reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of extraction methods for such compounds. The studied methods included microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Viscozyme L treatment, and fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. The total contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results showed that bioactive compound extraction efficiency differed depending on the treatment methods. Viscozyme L treatment showed the most effective method, followed by MAE treatment and lactic fermentation, and UAE treatments showed the lowest result. The total contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity in the case of Viscozyme treatment were 51.81±2.65 mg GAE/g sample; 23.711±1.26 mg GE/g sample; 252.77±4.32 mg OAE/g sample; 7.90±0.72 mg QE/g sample; and 55.1±1.3%, respectively. The results also indicated that each extraction method has its advantages. MAE and UAE treatments caused overheating inside the medium, affecting the antioxidant activity compounds. In the case of the fermentation process, excessive prolonging of the fermentation time also affected the sensitive antioxidant activity compounds released from the plant cells. The lactic fermentation process required the most time to reach extraction efficiency. However, fermentation would provide bioactive compounds and probiotics for health benefits, showing a potential approach for food supplementation.
沉香叶（Aquilaria spp.）然而，有关从沉香叶中提取这些有益化合物的方法的研究却鲜有报道。因此，本研究旨在调查此类化合物提取方法的效率。研究的方法包括微波辅助萃取（MAE）、超声辅助萃取（UAE）、Viscozyme L 处理和嗜酸乳杆菌 ATCC 4356 发酵。评估了多酚、多糖、皂苷、黄酮类化合物的总含量和抗氧化活性。结果表明，不同处理方法的生物活性化合物提取效率不同。Viscozyme L 处理方法效果最好，其次是 MAE 处理和乳酸发酵，而 UAE 处理方法效果最低。多酚、多糖、皂苷、黄酮类化合物的总含量和抗氧化活性分别为：51.81±2.65 mg GAE/g；23.711±1.26 mg GE/g；252.77±4.32 mg OAE/g；7.90±0.72 mg QE/g；55.1±1.3%。结果还表明，每种萃取方法都有其优点。MAE 和 UAE 处理会导致培养基过热，影响化合物的抗氧化活性。在发酵过程中，过度延长发酵时间也会影响植物细胞释放出敏感的抗氧化活性化合物。乳酸发酵过程需要最长的时间才能达到提取效率。不过，发酵可提供生物活性化合物和益生菌，对健康有益，是一种潜在的食品补充方法。
{"title":"Effect of Microwaves, Ultrasound, Enzyme, and Lactic Bacteria on Extraction Efficiency of Bioactive Compounds from Agarwood Leaves (Aquilaria spp.)","authors":"M. D. Lieu, Trung Nam Doan, Thi Phuong Tran, Thi Hong Cam Tran, Thi Kim Thuy Dang","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259931","url":null,"abstract":"Agarwood leaves (Aquilaria spp.) have been shown to benefit human health due to their bioactive compounds. However, studies on extraction methods for these beneficial compounds from agarwood leaves have been poorly reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of extraction methods for such compounds. The studied methods included microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Viscozyme L treatment, and fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. The total contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results showed that bioactive compound extraction efficiency differed depending on the treatment methods. Viscozyme L treatment showed the most effective method, followed by MAE treatment and lactic fermentation, and UAE treatments showed the lowest result. The total contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity in the case of Viscozyme treatment were 51.81±2.65 mg GAE/g sample; 23.711±1.26 mg GE/g sample; 252.77±4.32 mg OAE/g sample; 7.90±0.72 mg QE/g sample; and 55.1±1.3%, respectively. The results also indicated that each extraction method has its advantages. MAE and UAE treatments caused overheating inside the medium, affecting the antioxidant activity compounds. In the case of the fermentation process, excessive prolonging of the fermentation time also affected the sensitive antioxidant activity compounds released from the plant cells. The lactic fermentation process required the most time to reach extraction efficiency. However, fermentation would provide bioactive compounds and probiotics for health benefits, showing a potential approach for food supplementation.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"46 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259302
Virak Sorn, Yanvary Chhon, Maley Kun
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the world in terms of consumption and production. Commonly, bananas are propagated using conventional and in vitro techniques. Conventional methods generally involve vegetative propagation by the use of suckers, which is a time-consuming technique and is prone to various diseases. To overcome these problems, tissue culture technique has played a major role. With this technique, plant growth regulators are used to help improve rapid propagation for large-scale production. The plant growth regulators, benzyl adenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), which are both cytokinins, have gained attention for their effects on plant growth and development in tissue culture. In the present study, the effects of BA and TDZ on the shoot multiplication of Cavendish bananas in vitro were investigated. There were two experiments performed due to their being two types of explants obtained: one-month-old banana plantlets and one-month-old banana clumps. Culture I used one-month-old plantlets, and Culture II used one-month-old clumps. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in shoot formation between BA and TDZ at any concentration. However, the optimum concentration of BA was found to be 3 ppm for plantlets (Culture I), which resulted in 1.60 new shoots, and 4 ppm for clumps (Culture II) producing 4.00 shoots. In the case of TDZ, 2 ppm which produced 2.60 shoots, was the optimum concentration for both types of explants. In addition, the study suggested that clumps were the most suitable choice for banana multiplication. Further investigation focusing on the effects of explant morphology and cutting technique on plant growth is recommended.
就消费和生产而言，香蕉（Musa spp.）是世界上最重要的水果作物之一。香蕉通常采用传统和体外技术进行繁殖。传统方法一般是利用吸盘进行无性繁殖，这种技术费时费力，而且容易感染各种疾病。为了克服这些问题，组织培养技术发挥了重要作用。在这项技术中，植物生长调节剂的使用有助于提高大规模生产的快速繁殖能力。植物生长调节剂苄基腺嘌呤（BA）和噻虫嗪（TDZ）都是细胞分裂素，它们对组织培养中植物生长和发育的影响受到了关注。本研究调查了 BA 和 TDZ 对卡文迪许香蕉离体芽繁殖的影响。由于获得了两种类型的外植体：一个月大的香蕉小植株和一个月大的香蕉丛，因此进行了两次实验。培养 I 使用的是一个月大的小植株，培养 II 使用的是一个月大的丛生香蕉。结果表明，BA 和 TDZ 在任何浓度下对芽的形成都没有显著差异。但发现 BA 的最佳浓度为百万分之 3（培养基 I），可产生 1.60 个新芽；百万分之 4（培养基 II），可产生 4.00 个新芽。 至于 TDZ，2 ppm 是两种外植体的最佳浓度，可产生 2.60 个新芽。此外，研究还表明，丛生是香蕉繁殖的最合适选择。建议进一步研究外植体形态和切割技术对植物生长的影响。
{"title":"Effects of Benzyl Adenine and Thidiazuron on Shoot Regeneration of Cavendish Banana","authors":"Virak Sorn, Yanvary Chhon, Maley Kun","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259302","url":null,"abstract":"Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the world in terms of consumption and production. Commonly, bananas are propagated using conventional and in vitro techniques. Conventional methods generally involve vegetative propagation by the use of suckers, which is a time-consuming technique and is prone to various diseases. To overcome these problems, tissue culture technique has played a major role. With this technique, plant growth regulators are used to help improve rapid propagation for large-scale production. The plant growth regulators, benzyl adenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), which are both cytokinins, have gained attention for their effects on plant growth and development in tissue culture. In the present study, the effects of BA and TDZ on the shoot multiplication of Cavendish bananas in vitro were investigated. There were two experiments performed due to their being two types of explants obtained: one-month-old banana plantlets and one-month-old banana clumps. Culture I used one-month-old plantlets, and Culture II used one-month-old clumps. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in shoot formation between BA and TDZ at any concentration. However, the optimum concentration of BA was found to be 3 ppm for plantlets (Culture I), which resulted in 1.60 new shoots, and 4 ppm for clumps (Culture II) producing 4.00 shoots. In the case of TDZ, 2 ppm which produced 2.60 shoots, was the optimum concentration for both types of explants. In addition, the study suggested that clumps were the most suitable choice for banana multiplication. Further investigation focusing on the effects of explant morphology and cutting technique on plant growth is recommended.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.257174
A. Prakash, R. Sumathi, Honnudike Satyanarayana Sudhira
Public transit service is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for commuting, and promoting its usage is the need of the day. An understanding of the variability of travel time can aid service operators to improve the reliability and ridership of public transport. Gaining insights into the variability of travel time is a data-intensive task, and most of the existing studies utilize multiple traffic-related datasets. However, most cities lack the infrastructure to collect multiple data sets, hence in the current study, the location data of public transit buses were used for the analysis. The study was conducted in Tumakuru city, India at two spatial levels, namely route and segment, and further at temporal levels such as the day-of-the-week and departure time window. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to identify similar spatial-temporal aggregations, and a few aggregations demonstrated similarity. Consistent with the existing literature, six statistical distributions were selected to fit the data through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results emphasized that the Logistic distribution is the best fit at all spatial-temporal aggregation levels, and the lognormal and GEV distributions offered better fit for a few aggregation levels. Logistic distribution is recommended for operations planners and researchers to conduct reliability analysis and travel time forecasting in the future.
{"title":"Public Transit Bus Travel Time Variability Analysis Using Limited Datasets: A Case Study","authors":"A. Prakash, R. Sumathi, Honnudike Satyanarayana Sudhira","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.257174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.257174","url":null,"abstract":"Public transit service is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for commuting, and promoting its usage is the need of the day. An understanding of the variability of travel time can aid service operators to improve the reliability and ridership of public transport. Gaining insights into the variability of travel time is a data-intensive task, and most of the existing studies utilize multiple traffic-related datasets. However, most cities lack the infrastructure to collect multiple data sets, hence in the current study, the location data of public transit buses were used for the analysis. The study was conducted in Tumakuru city, India at two spatial levels, namely route and segment, and further at temporal levels such as the day-of-the-week and departure time window. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to identify similar spatial-temporal aggregations, and a few aggregations demonstrated similarity. Consistent with the existing literature, six statistical distributions were selected to fit the data through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results emphasized that the Logistic distribution is the best fit at all spatial-temporal aggregation levels, and the lognormal and GEV distributions offered better fit for a few aggregation levels. Logistic distribution is recommended for operations planners and researchers to conduct reliability analysis and travel time forecasting in the future.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259350
Narin Charoenphun, R. Puttha, Pao Srean, Thanya Parametthanuwat, J. Wongsa
This research aimed to develop a healthy salad dressing recipe by enhancing its refreshing aroma and reducing oil content using inulin from Jerusalem artichoke and calamondin essential oils. Mixture designs were used to create six salad dressing formulas, and the optimal ratio of sunflower seed oil, egg yolk, and vinegar was found to be 65%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. The effects of partial fat replacement with Jerusalem artichoke powder were also examined. The optimal ratio of sunflower seed oil to Jerusalem artichoke powder was found to be 10:3. The lightness (L* value) decreased as the amount of Jerusalem artichoke powder increased. Quality analysis showed that the healthy salad dressing had lower energy and fat content but higher protein and total antioxidant contents when compared to the control. The effects of the addition of synthetic calamondin odor and natural calamondin odor extracted from calamondin peel on sensory evaluation were also investigated. Natural calamondin odor from calamondin peel, at 0.1%, gave the highest scores for odor and taste attributes. The findings from this study provided an alternative option for health-conscious consumers.
{"title":"Enhancing Healthy Salad Dressing Quality with Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke Powder and Calamondin Peel Essential Oil","authors":"Narin Charoenphun, R. Puttha, Pao Srean, Thanya Parametthanuwat, J. Wongsa","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259350","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to develop a healthy salad dressing recipe by enhancing its refreshing aroma and reducing oil content using inulin from Jerusalem artichoke and calamondin essential oils. Mixture designs were used to create six salad dressing formulas, and the optimal ratio of sunflower seed oil, egg yolk, and vinegar was found to be 65%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. The effects of partial fat replacement with Jerusalem artichoke powder were also examined. The optimal ratio of sunflower seed oil to Jerusalem artichoke powder was found to be 10:3. The lightness (L* value) decreased as the amount of Jerusalem artichoke powder increased. Quality analysis showed that the healthy salad dressing had lower energy and fat content but higher protein and total antioxidant contents when compared to the control. The effects of the addition of synthetic calamondin odor and natural calamondin odor extracted from calamondin peel on sensory evaluation were also investigated. Natural calamondin odor from calamondin peel, at 0.1%, gave the highest scores for odor and taste attributes. The findings from this study provided an alternative option for health-conscious consumers.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.257439
Pennapa Anuruk, Sa-nguansak Thanapornpoonpong
The aim of this research was to study the effects of storage period, storage condition and packaging type on maize inbred seed qualities over 12 months storage. The experimental design was split-split plot with four replications. The study manipulated storage period (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) as the main plot, uncontrolled storage condition (USC) and controlled storage condition (CSC) as the sub-plot, and packaging types including woven polypropylene (WPP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide (PA) with linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and vacuum packing (PA + LLDPE + VACUUM, PLV) as the sub-sub plot. The results showed that the storage period did not affect seed germination; however, seed vigor decreased progressively with increased storage period. Seeds stored under USC exhibited lower moisture content, seed germination and vigor compared to those in CSC. Notably, seed vigor declined after the sixth month in USC storage. Among the packaging types, seeds in WPP had the lowest moisture content. Packaging type did not significantly influence seed germination throughout the storage period. However, different packaging types were able to maintain seed vigor for varying duration, especially for 6 months in PLV and 3 months in WPP packaging.
{"title":"Effects of Storage Period, Storage Conditions and Packaging Type on Maize Inbred Line Seed Qualities","authors":"Pennapa Anuruk, Sa-nguansak Thanapornpoonpong","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.257439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.257439","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to study the effects of storage period, storage condition and packaging type on maize inbred seed qualities over 12 months storage. The experimental design was split-split plot with four replications. The study manipulated storage period (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) as the main plot, uncontrolled storage condition (USC) and controlled storage condition (CSC) as the sub-plot, and packaging types including woven polypropylene (WPP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide (PA) with linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and vacuum packing (PA + LLDPE + VACUUM, PLV) as the sub-sub plot. The results showed that the storage period did not affect seed germination; however, seed vigor decreased progressively with increased storage period. Seeds stored under USC exhibited lower moisture content, seed germination and vigor compared to those in CSC. Notably, seed vigor declined after the sixth month in USC storage. Among the packaging types, seeds in WPP had the lowest moisture content. Packaging type did not significantly influence seed germination throughout the storage period. However, different packaging types were able to maintain seed vigor for varying duration, especially for 6 months in PLV and 3 months in WPP packaging.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"48 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259482
Pham Huong Quynh, Pham Nguyet Anh, Thai Kim Thanh, Chu Tuong Mai, Ho Quoc Bang
Vinh Phuc province is in the northern key economic region of Vietnam. The province has been facing challenges in air quality management as the number of vehicles has rapidly increased to meet the rising demand for transportation resources. This research was aimed to conduct an emission inventory and to build a spatial emission map for traffic activities in an attempt to improve air quality management in Vinh Phuc province. The vehicles were categorized into 5 groups: motorcycles, cars, light-duty vehicles (LDVs), heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) and buses. Meanwhile, the streets were also categorized into 5 groups: highways, rural roads, urban streets, suburban streets and industrial streets. The results showed that motorcycles were the main means of transportation (93% of total vehicles) and they were also the major contributors to total emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), CH4, NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) and especially in the cases of CO, CH4, VOC and NMVOC emissions which contributed more than 90% of emissions. Cars were the main source of SO2 emissions, contributing 51% of total SO2 road traffic emissions. The emissions of TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10 and PM2.5 were mostly generated from buses (about 32%), followed by motorcycles (about 18%). LDVs and HDVs contributed 18% and 15% to total particulate matter emissions, respectively. Spatial distribution analysis of CO, NOx, SO2, TSP, NMVOC and PM2.5 which involved visual identification in polluted areas, showing that high emissions were in the southeast part of the province and the most polluted areas were Vinh Yen city, followed by Binh Xuyen district and Phuc Yen city. These results provide suggestions for local governments on how to design effective air quality control strategies.
{"title":"Spatial Mapping of On-road Traffic Emission for Air Quality Management: A Case of Vinh Phuc Province","authors":"Pham Huong Quynh, Pham Nguyet Anh, Thai Kim Thanh, Chu Tuong Mai, Ho Quoc Bang","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259482","url":null,"abstract":"Vinh Phuc province is in the northern key economic region of Vietnam. The province has been facing challenges in air quality management as the number of vehicles has rapidly increased to meet the rising demand for transportation resources. This research was aimed to conduct an emission inventory and to build a spatial emission map for traffic activities in an attempt to improve air quality management in Vinh Phuc province. The vehicles were categorized into 5 groups: motorcycles, cars, light-duty vehicles (LDVs), heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) and buses. Meanwhile, the streets were also categorized into 5 groups: highways, rural roads, urban streets, suburban streets and industrial streets. The results showed that motorcycles were the main means of transportation (93% of total vehicles) and they were also the major contributors to total emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), CH4, NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) and especially in the cases of CO, CH4, VOC and NMVOC emissions which contributed more than 90% of emissions. Cars were the main source of SO2 emissions, contributing 51% of total SO2 road traffic emissions. The emissions of TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10 and PM2.5 were mostly generated from buses (about 32%), followed by motorcycles (about 18%). LDVs and HDVs contributed 18% and 15% to total particulate matter emissions, respectively. Spatial distribution analysis of CO, NOx, SO2, TSP, NMVOC and PM2.5 which involved visual identification in polluted areas, showing that high emissions were in the southeast part of the province and the most polluted areas were Vinh Yen city, followed by Binh Xuyen district and Phuc Yen city. These results provide suggestions for local governments on how to design effective air quality control strategies.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259128
Mohammad Nazmul Ahmed Chowdhury, Tanim Jabid Hossain, Subrina Akter Zedny, Mohammed Sajjad Hossain Bappi, Minhajur Rahman, Md. Monir Hossen, Iqbal Hossain Nafiz, Raihanul Islam
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) boost plant growth and agricultural sustainability in an ecologically friendly way. The cultivation of chrysanthemum, a globally significant flower crop, has relied heavily on substantial agrochemical inputs that have detrimental impact on the environment. To assess the potential of chrysanthemum rhizobacteria to reduce this reliance, bacterial strains were retrieved from the plant rhizosphere and subjected to an assessment of various plant growth-promoting traits. Out of the 34 rhizobacterial isolates, 21 demonstrated the production of the plant growth hormone auxin, 21 had phosphate solubilization ability, 22 were capable of nitrogen fixation, and 21 could produce ammonia. Based on these findings, seven preeminent PGPR strains, characterized by multifaceted plant growth-promoting traits, were selected for subsequent studies and identified as species belonging to Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Pantoea, Serratia and Staphylococcus. The selected strains were systematically analyzed for their capacity to endure an array of abiotic stresses. A majority of these strains demonstrated adaptation under osmotic stress ranging from -0.15 to -0.49 MPa, temperatures of 20°C and 30°C, and salt stress within the range of 3 to 7% NaCl, which suggests their potential to promote plant growth across diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, pectinase and amylase was examined, and only the Staphylococcus hominis PGPR-12 strain demonstrated the ability to produce all three extracellular hydrolases. These findings underscore the potential application of multiple isolates possessing promising plant-probiotic properties to enhance plant growth across various conditions, thereby necessitating further exploration through pot and field assays.
{"title":"Multifaceted Plant Growth Promoting Traits and Abiotic Stress Resistance Abilities Exhibited by Chrysanthemum Rhizobacteria","authors":"Mohammad Nazmul Ahmed Chowdhury, Tanim Jabid Hossain, Subrina Akter Zedny, Mohammed Sajjad Hossain Bappi, Minhajur Rahman, Md. Monir Hossen, Iqbal Hossain Nafiz, Raihanul Islam","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259128","url":null,"abstract":"Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) boost plant growth and agricultural sustainability in an ecologically friendly way. The cultivation of chrysanthemum, a globally significant flower crop, has relied heavily on substantial agrochemical inputs that have detrimental impact on the environment. To assess the potential of chrysanthemum rhizobacteria to reduce this reliance, bacterial strains were retrieved from the plant rhizosphere and subjected to an assessment of various plant growth-promoting traits. Out of the 34 rhizobacterial isolates, 21 demonstrated the production of the plant growth hormone auxin, 21 had phosphate solubilization ability, 22 were capable of nitrogen fixation, and 21 could produce ammonia. Based on these findings, seven preeminent PGPR strains, characterized by multifaceted plant growth-promoting traits, were selected for subsequent studies and identified as species belonging to Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Pantoea, Serratia and Staphylococcus. The selected strains were systematically analyzed for their capacity to endure an array of abiotic stresses. A majority of these strains demonstrated adaptation under osmotic stress ranging from -0.15 to -0.49 MPa, temperatures of 20°C and 30°C, and salt stress within the range of 3 to 7% NaCl, which suggests their potential to promote plant growth across diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, pectinase and amylase was examined, and only the Staphylococcus hominis PGPR-12 strain demonstrated the ability to produce all three extracellular hydrolases. These findings underscore the potential application of multiple isolates possessing promising plant-probiotic properties to enhance plant growth across various conditions, thereby necessitating further exploration through pot and field assays.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.261251
Nathnaphads Nathkhaanthaphot, P. Pongdontri, N. Riddech, P. Theerakulpisut
In the modern cosmetics industry, there exists a major trend for replacement of synthetic chemicals with plant-based ingredients in skincare formulation. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of different methods to extract bioactive compounds (as measured by total phenolic content; TPC and total flavonoid content; TFC) responsible for three important cosmeceutical properties (antioxidation, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-elastase) from selected rice grains. The grains of two varieties of purplish-black rice (Neaw Leum Pua; NLP) and black rice (Hom Nil; HN) were extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then supplementary treated with sonication, heating, and proteolytic enzyme digestion or fermented with Aspergillus niger. The results showed that sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC, but significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity. The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited. The addition of papain to the seed extracts slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity. Notably, fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods. The fermented rice exhibited the highest TFC after 3 days; the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days; and the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days. Therefore, fermentation was the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredients when pigmented rice was used as the raw material.
{"title":"Enhancing the Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-elastase Activity of Pigmented Rice Extracts by Sonication, Heating, Enzyme Digestion and Fermentation","authors":"Nathnaphads Nathkhaanthaphot, P. Pongdontri, N. Riddech, P. Theerakulpisut","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.261251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.261251","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern cosmetics industry, there exists a major trend for replacement of synthetic chemicals with plant-based ingredients in skincare formulation. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of different methods to extract bioactive compounds (as measured by total phenolic content; TPC and total flavonoid content; TFC) responsible for three important cosmeceutical properties (antioxidation, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-elastase) from selected rice grains. The grains of two varieties of purplish-black rice (Neaw Leum Pua; NLP) and black rice (Hom Nil; HN) were extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then supplementary treated with sonication, heating, and proteolytic enzyme digestion or fermented with Aspergillus niger. The results showed that sonication slightly enhanced TPC and TFC, but significantly increased antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity. The high temperature of 60℃ and 100℃ significantly increased antioxidant capacity based on FRAP assay but reduced that based on DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-tyrosinase activity was enhanced by high temperature but that of anti-elastase was inhibited. The addition of papain to the seed extracts slightly enhanced anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activity. Notably, fermented rice grains exhibited much greater yields of TPC and TFC, and higher biochemical activities than other methods. The fermented rice exhibited the highest TFC after 3 days; the highest TPC, antioxidant capacity, and tyrosinase inhibition after 6 days; and the highest elastase inhibition activity after 9 days. Therefore, fermentation was the most promising technique to enhance all three desirable properties for cosmetic ingredients when pigmented rice was used as the raw material.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"4 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since global plastic production has been excessive over the past half-century, the amount of plastic waste generated has become one of the major environmental issues worldwide. Most plastics are petroleum-based synthetic plastics, specifically polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyester, epoxy, and polytetrafluoroethylene. These plastics are associate with many environmental problems, including intensification of the greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants, and poor water quality. Waste plastics can take decades and even centuries to decompose in the environment, and this can involve the potential leakage of pollutants into the soil, rivers and oceans, which can be harmful in our daily life. Hence, a reduction in the use of plastic is a major step in alleviating environmental concern. The aim of this article was to review the literature concerned with biodegradable pots or biopots in Thailand. The review also included main characteristics of biodegradable pots, mechanical and physical properties, environmental degradation, and latest applications of biodegradable pots. Biopots have been developed from natural materials, and they thus represent alternatives for plastic pots. In that sense, using biopots may help to better maintain the balance of nature, protect the environment, and provide a better life for future generations.
{"title":"A Brief Overview of Biodegradable Pots for Sustainable Environment in Thailand","authors":"Treeranut Srisunont, Watcharaporn Wongsakoonkan, Natagarn Tongphanpharn, Pacharawan Ratanasongtham, Chayarat Srisunont","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.260109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.260109","url":null,"abstract":"Since global plastic production has been excessive over the past half-century, the amount of plastic waste generated has become one of the major environmental issues worldwide. Most plastics are petroleum-based synthetic plastics, specifically polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, polyester, epoxy, and polytetrafluoroethylene. These plastics are associate with many environmental problems, including intensification of the greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants, and poor water quality. Waste plastics can take decades and even centuries to decompose in the environment, and this can involve the potential leakage of pollutants into the soil, rivers and oceans, which can be harmful in our daily life. Hence, a reduction in the use of plastic is a major step in alleviating environmental concern. The aim of this article was to review the literature concerned with biodegradable pots or biopots in Thailand. The review also included main characteristics of biodegradable pots, mechanical and physical properties, environmental degradation, and latest applications of biodegradable pots. Biopots have been developed from natural materials, and they thus represent alternatives for plastic pots. In that sense, using biopots may help to better maintain the balance of nature, protect the environment, and provide a better life for future generations.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.260107
W. Panichkitkosolkul
The Poisson distribution is commonly applied in statistical modeling to represent the count of events, assuming that the events are independent and occur at a constant rate. This assumption, however, may not always hold true in real-life situations. The Poisson distribution may be inadequate if the underlying rate of occurrence is not constant. The mixed Poisson distribution is proposed to solve this limitation because it permits the rate parameter of the Poisson distribution to be random rather than fixed. The Poisson-Pranav distribution, which is classified as a type of mixed Poisson distribution, has been commonly utilized to analyze count data that exhibits over-dispersion over many domains. However, no research has been done into building confidence intervals for the parameter of the Poisson-Pranav distribution using the bootstrap method. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the coverage probabilities and average lengths of the percentile bootstrap (PB), basic bootstrap (BB), and biased-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap’s interval-estimation performances were compared. The bootstrap method was not appropriate for achieving the desired nominal confidence level with small sample sizes. In addition, the performance of the bootstrap confidence intervals did not differ significantly when the sample size was increased considerably. In each case studied, the BCa bootstrap confidence intervals performed better than the others. The effectiveness of bootstrap confidence intervals was demonstrated by applying them to the number of COVID-19 deaths in Belgium. The computations substantially supported the proposed bootstrap confidence intervals.
{"title":"Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for the Poisson-Pranav Distribution Parameter with an Application to COVID-19 Data","authors":"W. Panichkitkosolkul","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.260107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.260107","url":null,"abstract":"The Poisson distribution is commonly applied in statistical modeling to represent the count of events, assuming that the events are independent and occur at a constant rate. This assumption, however, may not always hold true in real-life situations. The Poisson distribution may be inadequate if the underlying rate of occurrence is not constant. The mixed Poisson distribution is proposed to solve this limitation because it permits the rate parameter of the Poisson distribution to be random rather than fixed. The Poisson-Pranav distribution, which is classified as a type of mixed Poisson distribution, has been commonly utilized to analyze count data that exhibits over-dispersion over many domains. However, no research has been done into building confidence intervals for the parameter of the Poisson-Pranav distribution using the bootstrap method. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the coverage probabilities and average lengths of the percentile bootstrap (PB), basic bootstrap (BB), and biased-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap’s interval-estimation performances were compared. The bootstrap method was not appropriate for achieving the desired nominal confidence level with small sample sizes. In addition, the performance of the bootstrap confidence intervals did not differ significantly when the sample size was increased considerably. In each case studied, the BCa bootstrap confidence intervals performed better than the others. The effectiveness of bootstrap confidence intervals was demonstrated by applying them to the number of COVID-19 deaths in Belgium. The computations substantially supported the proposed bootstrap confidence intervals.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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