Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258585
Tripti Singh, Ashwani Mathur
Humulus lupulus, often referred to as "hop," is a plant member of the Cannabaceae family. The plant is dioecious in nature and is a perennial fauna reported for its therapeutic properties. It is used largely in the pharmaceuticals and food industries including breweries. Some of the plant’s metabolites have been studied for their application in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Extensive studies on the plant have established its importance as a product of commercial significance, thereby boosting the economic value of this plant. The present review provides a compact account of the plant’s phytocompound profile and the remedial properties of its secondary metabolites. Although this plant can be explored as a high-profit-generating resource due to increased market demand and growing market acceptance, challenges faced in the cultivation of this plant limit its availability as an industrially suitable resource. This review, therefore, aimed to shed light on the function of hop secondary metabolites used in therapeutics, hop plant demography, and the problems associated with the cultivation of hop. Limited land availability and the expanding population create the need to develop a cost-effective strategy for cultivating this plant with enhanced yield.
{"title":"Humulus lupulus, Plant of Economic and Therapeutic Importance","authors":"Tripti Singh, Ashwani Mathur","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258585","url":null,"abstract":"Humulus lupulus, often referred to as \"hop,\" is a plant member of the Cannabaceae family. The plant is dioecious in nature and is a perennial fauna reported for its therapeutic properties. It is used largely in the pharmaceuticals and food industries including breweries. Some of the plant’s metabolites have been studied for their application in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Extensive studies on the plant have established its importance as a product of commercial significance, thereby boosting the economic value of this plant. The present review provides a compact account of the plant’s phytocompound profile and the remedial properties of its secondary metabolites. Although this plant can be explored as a high-profit-generating resource due to increased market demand and growing market acceptance, challenges faced in the cultivation of this plant limit its availability as an industrially suitable resource. This review, therefore, aimed to shed light on the function of hop secondary metabolites used in therapeutics, hop plant demography, and the problems associated with the cultivation of hop. Limited land availability and the expanding population create the need to develop a cost-effective strategy for cultivating this plant with enhanced yield.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258357
Ifeoma Vivian Anyiam, Douye Victor Zige
Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly prevalent worldwide, albeit with significant regional variations. The development of bacterial resistance to various antibacterial agents coupled with its virulence factors have significantly contributed to its pathogenicity. This investigation aimed to identify multidrug resistant S. aureus in wound infections. A total of 40 specimens from burn and cut wound specimens were examined utilizing culture, Gram staining, biochemical analysis, Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique using ten multidisc antibiotics and plasmid profiling. Descriptive analysis was employed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in specimens collected from individuals with open wounds, comprising 18 (45%) males and 22 (55%) females. Antibiogram profiles were used to determine the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. A total number of 19 (48%) S. aureus isolates were obtained in this study. Among patients with burn wounds, 12 (63.5%) exhibited the highest number of isolates, while those with cut wounds accounted for 7 (36.8%) representing the lowest count. The number of males with burn wounds was 7 (58.3%), higher than that of females 5 (41.7%). Females had a greater number of cut wounds with 5 (71.4%) compared to males with 2 (28.6%). The age group 16-25 years exhibited the highest number of isolates at 7 (37%), while the lowest was observed in the age group 66-75 years, with 1 (5%). Notably, these age intervals showed a statistically significant difference with P<0.05. The highest occurrence of isolate was recorded in males within the age group 16-25 years, totalling 5 (24%). In contrast, for females, the most prevalent isolate was found in the age 26-35 years, amounting to 3 (16%). The susceptibility profile of S. aureus revealed sensitivity to gentamycin 7 (36.8%) and levofloxacin 11 (57.9%), while resistance to norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, amoxil and ampiclox was 100%. Plasmid profiling identified multiple plasmid bands in the obtained multidrug resistant S. aureus, with a molecular weight of 9466kbp. The susceptibility pattern of the multidrug S. aureus both before and after plasmid curing indicated that previously resisted antibiotics became susceptible after curing except for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime. Cefotaxime, with a 25 mm zone of inhibition, was the most sensitive antibiotic after the plasmid curing. The discovery of plasmid in this study may prove valuable for the effective monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria from wound infections and clinical settings.
{"title":"Detection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococccus aureus from Wound Infection at Tertiary Hospital in Yenagoa, Nigeria","authors":"Ifeoma Vivian Anyiam, Douye Victor Zige","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258357","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly prevalent worldwide, albeit with significant regional variations. The development of bacterial resistance to various antibacterial agents coupled with its virulence factors have significantly contributed to its pathogenicity. This investigation aimed to identify multidrug resistant S. aureus in wound infections. A total of 40 specimens from burn and cut wound specimens were examined utilizing culture, Gram staining, biochemical analysis, Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique using ten multidisc antibiotics and plasmid profiling. Descriptive analysis was employed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in specimens collected from individuals with open wounds, comprising 18 (45%) males and 22 (55%) females. Antibiogram profiles were used to determine the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. A total number of 19 (48%) S. aureus isolates were obtained in this study. Among patients with burn wounds, 12 (63.5%) exhibited the highest number of isolates, while those with cut wounds accounted for 7 (36.8%) representing the lowest count. The number of males with burn wounds was 7 (58.3%), higher than that of females 5 (41.7%). Females had a greater number of cut wounds with 5 (71.4%) compared to males with 2 (28.6%). The age group 16-25 years exhibited the highest number of isolates at 7 (37%), while the lowest was observed in the age group 66-75 years, with 1 (5%). Notably, these age intervals showed a statistically significant difference with P<0.05. The highest occurrence of isolate was recorded in males within the age group 16-25 years, totalling 5 (24%). In contrast, for females, the most prevalent isolate was found in the age 26-35 years, amounting to 3 (16%). The susceptibility profile of S. aureus revealed sensitivity to gentamycin 7 (36.8%) and levofloxacin 11 (57.9%), while resistance to norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, amoxil and ampiclox was 100%. Plasmid profiling identified multiple plasmid bands in the obtained multidrug resistant S. aureus, with a molecular weight of 9466kbp. The susceptibility pattern of the multidrug S. aureus both before and after plasmid curing indicated that previously resisted antibiotics became susceptible after curing except for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime. Cefotaxime, with a 25 mm zone of inhibition, was the most sensitive antibiotic after the plasmid curing. The discovery of plasmid in this study may prove valuable for the effective monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria from wound infections and clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"160 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258685
K. Raju Yadav, A. Suredrakumar, P. Dhananchezhiyan, Kavitha, S. D. Sivakumar, M. R. Duraisamy
Weeding is a critical and labor-intensive process. A mechanical hydraulic actuated weeder was developed by adopting a rotary mechanism that consisted of a rotating blade with the diameter and width of the weeding blade. Instead of lab and field evaluation, the weeding tool's path was traced using the SolidWorks software to reduce cost and time and improve performance and accuracy. A 3D model of the intra-row weeder complex with relative handling modules was analyzed for motion using the SolidWorks Motion system. The blade center moved parallel to the crop row, with the swept area passing between the plant's forming a acycloidal path in rows. Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of the weeding blade geometry, forward speed (1, 1.2 and 1.4 km/h), and weeding tool speed (30, 40, 50 and 60 rpm). The results showed that plant damage was much less at a speed of 1.2 km/h and a weeding tool speed of 50 rpm was found to be optimum for effective weeding operation with plant-to-plant spacing of 45 cm in the experimental test rig.
{"title":"Study on Trajectory Motion of Intra Row Weeder","authors":"K. Raju Yadav, A. Suredrakumar, P. Dhananchezhiyan, Kavitha, S. D. Sivakumar, M. R. Duraisamy","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258685","url":null,"abstract":"Weeding is a critical and labor-intensive process. A mechanical hydraulic actuated weeder was developed by adopting a rotary mechanism that consisted of a rotating blade with the diameter and width of the weeding blade. Instead of lab and field evaluation, the weeding tool's path was traced using the SolidWorks software to reduce cost and time and improve performance and accuracy. A 3D model of the intra-row weeder complex with relative handling modules was analyzed for motion using the SolidWorks Motion system. The blade center moved parallel to the crop row, with the swept area passing between the plant's forming a acycloidal path in rows. Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of the weeding blade geometry, forward speed (1, 1.2 and 1.4 km/h), and weeding tool speed (30, 40, 50 and 60 rpm). The results showed that plant damage was much less at a speed of 1.2 km/h and a weeding tool speed of 50 rpm was found to be optimum for effective weeding operation with plant-to-plant spacing of 45 cm in the experimental test rig.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"52 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.259544
Vigneshwaran Ravishankar, Manasha Karunanidhi, Nivetha Sridhar, Stephen Raj Michael Dason Lourdu
RNase P RNA (RPR) gene responsible for transcribing tRNA processing ribozyme is an essential single-copy gene present in the genome of all organisms and has been proven to be a reliable genetic marker for the differentiation of species. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis was performed by exploiting sequence and structural variations present in the RPRs to determine the taxa of unidentified leptospires. RPR gene-based phylogeny revealed that serovars of Leptospira borgpetersenii could be bifurcated into distinct subgroups A and B. The saprophytic leptospiral strains were classified into three groups namely saprophytic group I, saprophytic group II and saprophytic group III. The presumed taxonomic positions of leptospiral strains Hampton, LT 2116, M4, 18R, Pond 2020, ZV016, ICFT and L. alexanderi were investigated for the phylogeny using both RPR and secY genes. The strains of L. alexanderi branched out as a separate clade between strains of L. santarosai and L. borgpetersenii. Furthermore, a simple restriction digestion assay was performed for the RPR gene-based differentiation of leptospires. PCR amplification and subsequent restriction digestion of the RPR gene amplified helped to distinguish Leptospira sp. The present research contributes to our understanding of leptospiral taxonomy and provides a valuable tool for species identification in diagnostic applications.
负责转录 tRNA 处理核糖酶的 RNase P RNA（RPR）基因是存在于所有生物基因组中的重要单拷贝基因，已被证明是区分物种的可靠遗传标记。本研究利用 RPR 基因的序列和结构变异进行了系统发育分析，以确定不明钩端螺旋体的类群。基于 RPR 基因的系统发生分析表明，博格特氏钩端螺旋体的血清型可分为不同的 A 和 B 亚群。利用 RPR 和 secY 基因研究了 Hampton、LT 2116、M4、18R、Pond 2020、ZV016、ICFT 和 L. alexanderi 等钩端螺旋体菌株的推定分类位置。L. alexanderi菌株在L. santarosai和L. borgpetersenii菌株之间分出了一个独立的支系。此外，还进行了基于 RPR 基因的简单限制性消化试验来区分钩端螺旋体。本研究有助于我们了解钩端螺旋体分类学，并为诊断应用中的物种鉴定提供了宝贵的工具。
{"title":"Elucidating Sequence and Structural Variations Present in RNase P RNA Ribozyme for the Taxonomy of Leptospira spp.","authors":"Vigneshwaran Ravishankar, Manasha Karunanidhi, Nivetha Sridhar, Stephen Raj Michael Dason Lourdu","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.259544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.259544","url":null,"abstract":"RNase P RNA (RPR) gene responsible for transcribing tRNA processing ribozyme is an essential single-copy gene present in the genome of all organisms and has been proven to be a reliable genetic marker for the differentiation of species. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis was performed by exploiting sequence and structural variations present in the RPRs to determine the taxa of unidentified leptospires. RPR gene-based phylogeny revealed that serovars of Leptospira borgpetersenii could be bifurcated into distinct subgroups A and B. The saprophytic leptospiral strains were classified into three groups namely saprophytic group I, saprophytic group II and saprophytic group III. The presumed taxonomic positions of leptospiral strains Hampton, LT 2116, M4, 18R, Pond 2020, ZV016, ICFT and L. alexanderi were investigated for the phylogeny using both RPR and secY genes. The strains of L. alexanderi branched out as a separate clade between strains of L. santarosai and L. borgpetersenii. Furthermore, a simple restriction digestion assay was performed for the RPR gene-based differentiation of leptospires. PCR amplification and subsequent restriction digestion of the RPR gene amplified helped to distinguish Leptospira sp. The present research contributes to our understanding of leptospiral taxonomy and provides a valuable tool for species identification in diagnostic applications.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1986 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cimate change affects the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plants, especially isoprene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. These compounds play vital role in the secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) and ozone formation potential (OFP) through photochemical reactions. In Thailand, daytime temperatures typically reach up to 40°C resulting in potential plant stress. The considered plant Peltophorum pterocarpum, emits high levels of BVOCs and is widely cultivated in the urban areas of Bangkok. Consequently, this research aimed to study the variations in BVOC concentration, SOAP, and OFP associated with Peltophorum pterocarpum, during the daytime. The BVOCs (isoprene, α – pinene, and β – pinene) were sampled using a dynamic enclosure system from 9:00 to 11:00 local time and analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. SOAP and OFP were estimated using fractional aerosol coefficient and maximum incremental reactivity. The results revealed an average BVOC concentration of 4.68 μg/m3, which depended on temperature and light intensity. The highest SOAP and OFP were 1,367.10 and 188.58 μg/m3, respectively, which were largely influenced by β – piene. This study aids in understanding the role of secondary pollutant formation involving BVOCs emitted from trees in urban areas, which can lead to the selection of low BVOC-emitting tree species and improvement of guidelines for planning urban forest areas.
{"title":"Potential Estimation of Secondary Pollutant Formation of BVOC from Peltophorum pterocarpum in Urban Area","authors":"Suteekan Maneejantra, Thanyaporn Charoenpun, S. Bualert, Parkpoom Choomanee, Suthee Janyasuthiwong, Waraporn Chommon","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.260120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.260120","url":null,"abstract":"Cimate change affects the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plants, especially isoprene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. These compounds play vital role in the secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) and ozone formation potential (OFP) through photochemical reactions. In Thailand, daytime temperatures typically reach up to 40°C resulting in potential plant stress. The considered plant Peltophorum pterocarpum, emits high levels of BVOCs and is widely cultivated in the urban areas of Bangkok. Consequently, this research aimed to study the variations in BVOC concentration, SOAP, and OFP associated with Peltophorum pterocarpum, during the daytime. The BVOCs (isoprene, α – pinene, and β – pinene) were sampled using a dynamic enclosure system from 9:00 to 11:00 local time and analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. SOAP and OFP were estimated using fractional aerosol coefficient and maximum incremental reactivity. The results revealed an average BVOC concentration of 4.68 μg/m3, which depended on temperature and light intensity. The highest SOAP and OFP were 1,367.10 and 188.58 μg/m3, respectively, which were largely influenced by β – piene. This study aids in understanding the role of secondary pollutant formation involving BVOCs emitted from trees in urban areas, which can lead to the selection of low BVOC-emitting tree species and improvement of guidelines for planning urban forest areas.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"22 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.257143
Cyrus Amparo Bausin, Karl Fritze Sibay Sampiano, Sheryl Sarnillo Bayang, Larry Vinluan Aceres, Lira May Awit Sibongga
Fruit flies are one of the major pests infesting varieties of economically important fruits worldwide. This pest represents one of the most damaging groups of polyphagous flies. One of the alternatives for the control of the fruit fly that attacks mangoes is the use of pheromone-baited traps. The effectiveness of the pheromone traps depends on several factors such as field conditions, trap location, and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of different trap heights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 feet above the ground) on fruit fly trapping with traps baited with methyl eugenol. The trap installed at 5 feet above the ground had the highest number (p<0.05) of captured fruit flies compared to other heights evaluated. These results imply that for the effective monitoring and management of fruit flies, pheromone baited traps must be placed 5 feet from the ground level. The results further revealed that weather parameters did not appear to have a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the average population count of the pest. Because of the importance and usefulness of the findings of this study, further research that integrates this technology with other pest management tactics against the tephritid flies infesting mango at farmers’ level is recommended. Optimizing this technology may offer a cost-effective and practical pest management approach for small hold mango farmers.
{"title":"Effects of Trap Height on the Capture of Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango Orchard of Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines","authors":"Cyrus Amparo Bausin, Karl Fritze Sibay Sampiano, Sheryl Sarnillo Bayang, Larry Vinluan Aceres, Lira May Awit Sibongga","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.257143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.257143","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies are one of the major pests infesting varieties of economically important fruits worldwide. This pest represents one of the most damaging groups of polyphagous flies. One of the alternatives for the control of the fruit fly that attacks mangoes is the use of pheromone-baited traps. The effectiveness of the pheromone traps depends on several factors such as field conditions, trap location, and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of different trap heights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 feet above the ground) on fruit fly trapping with traps baited with methyl eugenol. The trap installed at 5 feet above the ground had the highest number (p<0.05) of captured fruit flies compared to other heights evaluated. These results imply that for the effective monitoring and management of fruit flies, pheromone baited traps must be placed 5 feet from the ground level. The results further revealed that weather parameters did not appear to have a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the average population count of the pest. Because of the importance and usefulness of the findings of this study, further research that integrates this technology with other pest management tactics against the tephritid flies infesting mango at farmers’ level is recommended. Optimizing this technology may offer a cost-effective and practical pest management approach for small hold mango farmers.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.257604
Adinda Nurul Huda Manurung, Suwarto, S. Yahya, Budi Nugroho
Oil palm is generally cultivated on tropical soils that have low levels of chemical fertility and various physical fertility. Environmental factors, genetics, and cultivation techniques generally influence oil palm productivity. This study aimed to obtain a model of oil palm growth and phosphorus (P) uptake in the main nursery. The oil palm growth model was carried out through literature studies and field trials. The trial was conducted at Leuwikopo Trial Farm (Bogor Agricultural Institute) IPB University from May 2021-January 2022. The experiment was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with five replications. The experiment consisted of one treatment with five levels of P fertilization: P0 = no fertilizer; P1 = 50% standard fertilization; P2 = 100% standard fertilization; P3 = 150% standard fertilization; and P4 = 200% standard fertilization. The fertilizer dose of 100% using the standard fertilization for oil palm of the Damimas variety was 28 g P seedling-1. This study concluded that the model of oil palm nutrient P uptake for the main nursery was able to simulate oil palm nutrient uptake as shown by actual measurements (observations in the field). The dry weight simulation results fell within the range of standard deviation values for average measurements in the field. The nutrient uptake simulation model is thus a valid tool for planning the optimal fertilization of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.
{"title":"Phosphorus Uptake Model of Oil Palm Seedlings in the Main Nursery","authors":"Adinda Nurul Huda Manurung, Suwarto, S. Yahya, Budi Nugroho","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.257604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.257604","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm is generally cultivated on tropical soils that have low levels of chemical fertility and various physical fertility. Environmental factors, genetics, and cultivation techniques generally influence oil palm productivity. This study aimed to obtain a model of oil palm growth and phosphorus (P) uptake in the main nursery. The oil palm growth model was carried out through literature studies and field trials. The trial was conducted at Leuwikopo Trial Farm (Bogor Agricultural Institute) IPB University from May 2021-January 2022. The experiment was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with five replications. The experiment consisted of one treatment with five levels of P fertilization: P0 = no fertilizer; P1 = 50% standard fertilization; P2 = 100% standard fertilization; P3 = 150% standard fertilization; and P4 = 200% standard fertilization. The fertilizer dose of 100% using the standard fertilization for oil palm of the Damimas variety was 28 g P seedling-1. This study concluded that the model of oil palm nutrient P uptake for the main nursery was able to simulate oil palm nutrient uptake as shown by actual measurements (observations in the field). The dry weight simulation results fell within the range of standard deviation values for average measurements in the field. The nutrient uptake simulation model is thus a valid tool for planning the optimal fertilization of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"250 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258414
Chugiat Ponkaew, Nuanpan Lawson
Missing data are frequently present in datasets and give rise to a myriad of issues that significantly affect data utilization. The missing data needs to be handled before data can be efficiently estimated and applied. New ratio estimators for population mean were proposed for use when data are missing completely at random and for a more flexible situation where missing data are missing at random in the study variable under unequal probability sampling without replacement. Furthermore, the variance estimators of the proposed ratio estimators were investigated under a reverse framework. We show theoretically that the proposed estimators were approximately unbiased estimators. The proposed estimators were utilized in simulation studies and were applied to the study of fine particulate matter data in Suan Luang District, Bangkok, Thailand in order to see how the proposed estimators performed. The results from the application to fine particulate matter showed that the ratio estimators and their variance estimators worked better than existing estimators, producing less estimated variances. Therefore, they could be applied to estimate the average fine particulate matter even when missing values appeared.
{"title":"New Ratio Estimators for Population Mean under Unequal Probability Sampling Without Replacement in the Presence of Missing Data: A Case Study on Fine Particulate Matter in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Chugiat Ponkaew, Nuanpan Lawson","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258414","url":null,"abstract":"Missing data are frequently present in datasets and give rise to a myriad of issues that significantly affect data utilization. The missing data needs to be handled before data can be efficiently estimated and applied. New ratio estimators for population mean were proposed for use when data are missing completely at random and for a more flexible situation where missing data are missing at random in the study variable under unequal probability sampling without replacement. Furthermore, the variance estimators of the proposed ratio estimators were investigated under a reverse framework. We show theoretically that the proposed estimators were approximately unbiased estimators. The proposed estimators were utilized in simulation studies and were applied to the study of fine particulate matter data in Suan Luang District, Bangkok, Thailand in order to see how the proposed estimators performed. The results from the application to fine particulate matter showed that the ratio estimators and their variance estimators worked better than existing estimators, producing less estimated variances. Therefore, they could be applied to estimate the average fine particulate matter even when missing values appeared.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"112 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258288
Sanphop Dumkrang, Kang Li, L. Intakhuen, Konlayutt Punyawudho, S. Koonaphapdeelert
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are a type of flow battery that offers a promising solution for energy storage, and one of the main issues is selecting low-cost membranes with high ion conductivity to enhance performance and efficiency. In this study, low-cost sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) membranes were fabricated using the casting method, with the polymer/solvent ratios of SPEEK and N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) being varied. The Nafion 117 membrane was used as a benchmark for comparison. The performance of aqueous organic redox flow batteries employing anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS) and 1,2-benzoquinone-3,5-disulfonic acid (BQDS) as electrolytes was evaluated. The SPEEK membranes were determined to have dense, homogeneous surfaces with no flaws and a thickness of 60 microns. In addition, their physicochemical properties, such as water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, and degree of sulfonation, were investigated. The results showed that the SPEEK membranes had better rate performance and cycle stability when compared to the Nafion117 membrane during charge-discharge cycles. Additionally, the SPEEK membranes exhibited slower potential drops and higher power density during constant current mode operation, despite showing no significant differences in energy efficiency and power density. These findings demonstrate the potential of SPEEK membranes for use in AORFBs and as a benchmark for future research and development.
{"title":"Development of Aqueous Organic Flow Battery Using SPEEK Membrane and Eco-Friendly Electrolytes","authors":"Sanphop Dumkrang, Kang Li, L. Intakhuen, Konlayutt Punyawudho, S. Koonaphapdeelert","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258288","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are a type of flow battery that offers a promising solution for energy storage, and one of the main issues is selecting low-cost membranes with high ion conductivity to enhance performance and efficiency. In this study, low-cost sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) membranes were fabricated using the casting method, with the polymer/solvent ratios of SPEEK and N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) being varied. The Nafion 117 membrane was used as a benchmark for comparison. The performance of aqueous organic redox flow batteries employing anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS) and 1,2-benzoquinone-3,5-disulfonic acid (BQDS) as electrolytes was evaluated. The SPEEK membranes were determined to have dense, homogeneous surfaces with no flaws and a thickness of 60 microns. In addition, their physicochemical properties, such as water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, and degree of sulfonation, were investigated. The results showed that the SPEEK membranes had better rate performance and cycle stability when compared to the Nafion117 membrane during charge-discharge cycles. Additionally, the SPEEK membranes exhibited slower potential drops and higher power density during constant current mode operation, despite showing no significant differences in energy efficiency and power density. These findings demonstrate the potential of SPEEK membranes for use in AORFBs and as a benchmark for future research and development.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.55003/cast.2024.258758
Achmad Makin Amin, S. Sismindari, Purwanto Purwanto
High bacterial infection cases in Indonesia cause a high need for antibiotic drugs. Unfortunately, most of the raw materials used for antibiotic production in Indonesia are still imported. For this reason, the government is eager to find better ways to produce penicillin and its derivatives, which are widely used in society. The production of penicillin-derivative requires penicillin G acylase (PGA) as a catalyst. In previous studies, the expression of the syn-pac gene in E. coli BL21(DE3) to produce a recombinant PGA enzyme was performed, but the enzyme activity was low (0.01754 U/mg). Thus, the expression was carried out in different hosts and inducers. The purpose of this research was to obtain the production of PGA with higher enzyme activity. The transformation was carried out in the pET22b-pacEc in E. coli BL21(DE3) and HB101. For enzyme expression, the recombinant hosts were induced by 0.05 mM IPTG, 176 mM lactose, and 1998 mM arabinose at a temperature of 20°C and 150 rpm of shaking for 17 h. Protein isolation was performed by sonication and freeze-thawing to recover biologically active PGA. Verification of PGA was performed by SDS-PAGE and the enzyme activity was tested by pDAB. E. coli HB101 produced PGA with higher activity (10.17 U/mg) than BL21(DE3) (6.67 U/mg), and arabinose was the strongest inducer for enzyme expression.
{"title":"Expression of Synthetic pac Gene Encoding Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) Enzyme in E. coli BL21(DE3) and HB101","authors":"Achmad Makin Amin, S. Sismindari, Purwanto Purwanto","doi":"10.55003/cast.2024.258758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2024.258758","url":null,"abstract":"High bacterial infection cases in Indonesia cause a high need for antibiotic drugs. Unfortunately, most of the raw materials used for antibiotic production in Indonesia are still imported. For this reason, the government is eager to find better ways to produce penicillin and its derivatives, which are widely used in society. The production of penicillin-derivative requires penicillin G acylase (PGA) as a catalyst. In previous studies, the expression of the syn-pac gene in E. coli BL21(DE3) to produce a recombinant PGA enzyme was performed, but the enzyme activity was low (0.01754 U/mg). Thus, the expression was carried out in different hosts and inducers. The purpose of this research was to obtain the production of PGA with higher enzyme activity. The transformation was carried out in the pET22b-pacEc in E. coli BL21(DE3) and HB101. For enzyme expression, the recombinant hosts were induced by 0.05 mM IPTG, 176 mM lactose, and 1998 mM arabinose at a temperature of 20°C and 150 rpm of shaking for 17 h. Protein isolation was performed by sonication and freeze-thawing to recover biologically active PGA. Verification of PGA was performed by SDS-PAGE and the enzyme activity was tested by pDAB. E. coli HB101 produced PGA with higher activity (10.17 U/mg) than BL21(DE3) (6.67 U/mg), and arabinose was the strongest inducer for enzyme expression.","PeriodicalId":505451,"journal":{"name":"CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY","volume":"86 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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