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Revisitando a trajetória histórica do Museu Botânico “Dr. João Barbosa Rodrigues” do Jardim Botânico de São Paulo 重温圣保罗植物园 "若昂-巴尔博萨-罗德里格斯博士 "植物博物馆的历史轨迹
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e18
Erico F.L. Pereira-Silva
This study delves into the historical journey of the “Dr. João Barbosa Rodrigues” Botanical Museum, a space of memory located within the São Paulo Botanical Garden. It discusses its historical origins and material, institutional, and contextual transformations up to the present day. This space has seen advancements, setbacks, challenges, and potentialities as a small museum of natural history. It has undergone three reconfigurations of its physical and internal structures, gradually modernizing its museum concept while retaining its identity as a museum with a unified focus on botany. It reopened in early 2020 and is currently operating within a subtle boundary established between the public and private sectors due to the concession of the São Paulo Botanical Garden’ operation to private initiatives, although it remains under public control. In this renewed museum, one can observe its contribution as a space of social responsibility, imbued with meanings and functions that evoke imagery by its memory spacesrelated to the concerns of its founder, the botanist Frederico Carlos Hoehne. Over its 80 years of existence, this museum has evolved from a neutral space to one engaged in the conservation of nature and contemporary environmental issues. Its exhibition now contextualizes these themes, becoming a narrative museum that responds to everchanging local challenges. Its pedagogical role is vital in an inclusive and equitable society, promoting education and learning. The museum constitutes a contemporary space, transcending its traditional functions of preservation, conservation, and research, serving society by educational initiatives on botany, nature conservation, and environmental sustainability.
本研究深入探讨了位于圣保罗植物园内的记忆空间--"若昂-巴尔博萨-罗德里格斯博士 "植物博物馆的历史进程。文章讨论了该博物馆的历史渊源以及直至今日的物质、制度和环境变革。作为一个小型自然历史博物馆,这个空间经历了进步、挫折、挑战和潜力。它的实体结构和内部结构经历了三次重组,在保留其作为以植物学为统一重点的博物馆身份的同时,逐步实现了博物馆概念的现代化。该博物馆于 2020 年初重新开放,由于圣保罗植物园的经营权已让渡给私人机构,尽管它仍处于公共控制之下,但目前仍在公共部门和私营部门之间的微妙界限内运作。在这座焕然一新的博物馆中,人们可以看到它作为一个社会责任空间所做出的贡献,它充满了意义和功能,其记忆空间唤起了人们对其创始人、植物学家弗雷德里克-卡洛斯-胡恩(Frederico Carlos Hoehne)所关注问题的想象。在其 80 年的发展历程中,该博物馆从一个中立的空间发展成为一个致力于自然保护和当代环境问题的博物馆。现在,它的展览结合了这些主题的背景,成为一个应对当地不断变化的挑战的叙事博物馆。在一个包容和公平的社会中,博物馆在促进教育和学习方面发挥着至关重要的教学作用。博物馆构成了一个当代空间,超越了其传统的保护、保存和研究功能,通过植物学、自然保护和环境可持续性方面的教育活动服务于社会。
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引用次数: 0
Tecendo a rede de capitais cultural e de ciência em museus de ciência no Rio de Janeiro 编织里约热内卢科学博物馆的文化与科学资本网络
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e16
M. Dahmouche, José Sergio Damico, S. Mano, Sibele Cazelli, A. F. Costa
Museums are places for potentially promoting emotions and creating memories from the experiences they provide. In this regard, this article investigates why people visit science museums, intending to unveil the public’s diversity and facilitate the understanding of their interests and motivations for this cultural practice. Data were collected by means of a printed and self-applied questionnaire filled out by adult visitors over 30 years old during visits to five science museums located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on the concepts of cultural capital, science, interest and motivation, the applied analytical approach was qualitative and quantitative aided by the Collective Subject Discourse method. The findings bring contributions to the field of public and cultural leisure studies. Processes of acquiring, expanding and transmitting these forms of capital to children, family, and friends emerge from the discourses during interaction with exhibitions and educational and dissemination activities offered by science museums. This understanding can help to develop museum strategies to attract and retain their spontaneous visiting public.
博物馆是通过其提供的体验促进情感和创造记忆的潜在场所。为此,本文调查了人们参观科学博物馆的原因,旨在揭示公众的多样性,并促进了解他们对这一文化活动的兴趣和动机。本文通过一份由 30 岁以上的成年参观者在参观位于巴西里约热内卢大都会地区的五家科学博物馆时填写的自行打印的调查问卷来收集数据。研究以文化资本、科学、兴趣和动机等概念为基础,采用定性和定量分析方法,并辅以集体主体话语法。研究结果为公共和文化休闲研究领域做出了贡献。在与科学博物馆提供的展览、教育和传播活动进行互动的过程中,从话语中产生了获取、扩展和向儿童、家人和朋友传播这些资本形式的过程。这种理解有助于制定博物馆战略,吸引和留住自发参观的公众。
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引用次数: 0
Do planisférico ao global: a espacialização da economia-mundo europeia e a Terra dos Patos (c. 1600-1650) 从平面到全球:欧洲世界经济的空间化与帕托斯岛(Terra dos Patos)(约 1600-1650 年
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e13
Tiago Kramer de Oliveira
O topônimo Patos aparece em diversos mapas do século XVII para identificar uma área do litoral sul do Brasil. O estudo da bibliografia e da documentação — crônicas, correspondências, documentação administrativa, mapas — permitiu desvendar características de agentes sociais, espaços, práticas econômicas e relações de poder que podem ser analisadas atendendo às atuais demandas por abordagens que promovam pessoas e espaços locais ao centro da análise das dinâmicas globais. Patos foi local de disputas entre sacerdotes, autoridades coloniais, colonos, sertanistas, povos indígenas, comerciantes, corsários e personagens que fizeram mais de um desses papéis. Defende-se a pertinência da unidade de análise economia-mundo, de Fernand Braudel, para analisar a globalidade dessas dinâmicas locais, ao mesmo tempo que se propõe que a dinâmica espacial dessa unidade de análise seja compreendida na complexa interação entre os diversos e conflitantes espaços-tempo que constituem a natureza da economia-mundo europeia na época moderna.
帕托斯(Patos)这个地名出现在多幅 17 世纪的地图上,用来标识巴西南部海岸的一个地区。通过对书目和文献--编年史、通信、行政文件、地图--的研究,我们发现了社会主体、空间、经济实践和权力关系的特征,这些特征可以进行分析,以满足当前对将当地人和空间置于全球动态分析中心的方法的要求。帕托斯是牧师、殖民当局、定居者、塞塔尼亚人、原住民、商人、私掠者以及扮演多个角色的人物之间发生争执的地方。本文认为,费尔南-布劳戴尔的世界经济分析单元有助于分析这些地方动态的全球性,同时建议从构成现代欧洲世界经济性质的各种相互冲突的时空之间的复杂互动中理解这一分析单元的空间动态。
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引用次数: 0
De mercadoria à museália: a Coleção Souza Lima de marfins católicos do Museu Histórico Nacional 从商品到博物馆:国家历史博物馆的索萨-利马天主教象牙收藏集
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e12
Rafael Zamorano Bezerra
Este artigo apresenta os levantamentos e conclusões da pesquisa de pós-doutorado na área da museologia sobre a Coleção Souza Lima, pertencente ao acervo do Museu Histórico Nacional. Formada por 572 imagens cristãs esculpidas em sua maioria em marfim, é considerada uma das mais significativas coleções do tipo sob a guarda de um museu público brasileiro. O nome da coleção faz referência ao colecionador José Luiz de Souza Lima, sendo comprada para o MHN nos anos 1940. Devido à pouca informação sobre as origens das peças e sobre o colecionador, a pesquisa organizou informações no sentido de: (1) apontar para as possibilidades de entrada no país das imaginárias católicas em marfim pela Carreira das Índias; (2) apontar para a possibilidade de produção, no Brasil, de imaginárias em marfim; (3) entender quais foram os argumentos de valoração que justificaram a compra da coleção; (4) apontar as semelhanças entre o colecionismo de Souza Lima e outras coleções; e (5) descrever como o elemento “oriental” foi associado à coleção no processo de musealização e como as ações de curadoria no Museu Histórico Nacional são marcadas por um discurso que reatualiza no Brasil o orientalismo português. Argumenta-se que a curadoria da Coleção Souza Lima tem sido embasada por narrativas que valorizam a experiência colonial portuguesa e reafirmam discursos com perspectivas coloniais. Esse tipo de abordagem eclipsa aspectos informacionais sobre a coleção, como suas origens e as estratégias de resistência por parte de seus produtores, além de questões éticas referentes à entrada desses objetos no circuito do colecionismo e das coleções museológicas.
本文介绍了博士后在博物馆学领域对隶属于国家历史博物馆的苏萨-利马藏品进行研究的结果和结论。该藏品由 572 幅主要用象牙雕刻的基督教图像组成,被认为是巴西公共博物馆收藏的同类藏品中最重要的藏品之一。该藏品的名字源于收藏家何塞-路易斯-德索萨-利马(José Luiz de Souza Lima),是 20 世纪 40 年代为国家历史博物馆购买的。由于有关藏品来源和收藏者的信息有限,本研究对信息进行了整理,以便(1) 指出天主教象牙图像通过 Carreira das Índias 进入巴西的可能性;(2) 指出象牙图像在巴西生产的可能性;(3) 了解购买藏品的估价依据;(4) 指出索萨-利马的收藏与其他收藏之间的相似之处;以及 (5) 描述在博物馆化过程中如何将 "东方 "元素与该收藏联系在一起,以及国家历史博物馆的策展行动如何以一种在巴西复兴葡萄牙东方主义的话语为标志。有观点认为,苏萨-利马藏品的策展工作一直以美化葡萄牙殖民经历和重申殖民视角的论述为基础。这种方法忽略了有关藏品的信息方面,如藏品的来源和藏品制作者的抵抗策略,以及有关这些藏品进入收藏圈和博物馆藏品的伦理问题。
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引用次数: 0
Conservation of Catholic churches after the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council 梵蒂冈第二次大公会议礼仪改革后天主教堂的保护工作
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e10
Pablo Pinheiro da Costa
Since the use of built heritage is a requisite for its conservation, this article discusses the adaptation of Catholic churches, conceived for the liturgy supported by the Council of Trent (1545-1563), to that of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), which presuppose a symbolically and functionally different spatial layout. Issues concerning this process are presented which sometimes led to the loss of cultural assets, frequently in favor of less pertinent interventions. It presents the architectural program for celebrating the reformed liturgy in Tridentine churches, as expressed by official documents in articulation with the principles of intervention in cultural assets and illustrative examples.
由于建筑遗产的使用是其保护的必要条件,本文讨论了天主教教堂的改造问题,这些教堂是为特伦特大公会议(1545-1563 年)支持的礼仪而设计的,与梵蒂冈第二次大公会议(1962-1965 年)的礼仪相适应,后者预设了象征性和功能性不同的空间布局。介绍了与这一过程有关的问题,这些问题有时会导致文化资产的损失,而往往是为了进行不那么相关的干预。报告介绍了在三叉戟式教堂中举行改革后礼仪的建筑方案,这些方案由官方文件、文化资产干预原则和示例表达。
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引用次数: 0
Errata “Memórias dos visitantes do Museu Nacional: lembranças que não se apagam” 勘误 "国家博物馆参观者的记忆:抹不去的记忆"
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e11e
A. F. Costa, M. Dahmouche, José Sergio Damico, S. Mano, Sibele Cazelli
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引用次数: 0
Piranesi, o “estilo egípcio” e a “pequena arquitetura”: uma síntese sobre a multiplicidade inventiva do artífice 皮拉内西、"埃及风格 "和 "小型建筑":关于工匠创造力多样性的综述
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e8
A. R. Rodrigues
This article presents a relevant topic in the trajectory of Giambattista Piranesi: the proposition of the “Egyptian style” in the publication Diverse maniere d’adornare i cammini (1769), which reveals some relevant aspects of the Piranesian critical fortune for architectural debates in the 18th century. Firstly, one can gauge Giambattista’s perception of the iconographic and compositional potential of Ancient Egypt by references found in Rome and through the field of decoration, in composing fireplaces — an element of “small architecture.” Its merit lies in presenting a new assessment on the applicability of Egyptian iconography. Additionally, Piranesi attempted to show a way of conceiving the art of building based on variations learned from the lexicon of the Ancients, expressing the craftsman’s ingenuity. This article concludes that by proposing the composition of fireplaces in the “Egyptian style,” Piranesi tested his assumptions about the craftsman’s ability to distribute ornamentation according to the architecture. He thus intended to legitimize, on a theoretical and practical level, a reconciliation between the ancient precepts and the demands of the inventive procedure. Diverse maniere has established itself as a crucial work for understanding Piranesi’s artistic trajectory, consolidating arguments about inventive license based on the repertoire of Antiquity.
本文介绍了詹巴蒂斯塔-皮拉内西(Giambattista Piranesi)创作轨迹中的一个相关主题:出版物《Diverse maniere d'adornare i cammini》(1769 年)中的 "埃及风格 "命题,它揭示了皮拉内西的批判财富与 18 世纪建筑辩论的一些相关方面。首先,我们可以通过在罗马发现的参考资料,并通过装饰领域的壁炉--"小型建筑 "的一个元素--的构成,来衡量詹巴蒂斯塔对古埃及的图象和构成潜力的看法。其优点在于对埃及图标的适用性进行了全新的评估。此外,皮拉内西还试图展示一种建筑艺术的构思方式,其基础是从古人的辞典中学到的变化,表达了工匠的独创性。本文的结论是,通过提出 "埃及风格 "壁炉的构成,皮拉内西检验了他对工匠根据建筑分布装饰能力的假设。因此,他打算在理论和实践层面上,使古老的戒律与创造性程序的要求之间的调和合法化。Diverse maniere》是了解皮拉内西艺术轨迹的重要作品,它巩固了以古代剧目为基础的创作许可论点。
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引用次数: 0
The unveiled beauty of cedar and yarey palm: the handcraft of one Cuban traditional group of Haitian descent 杉木和亚雷棕榈的无尽美感:一个古巴传统海地后裔群体的手工技艺
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e9
Ligia Lavielle Pullés, Diana Lisset Pompa López
The different Latin American handcraft tells us stories from any material used in the piece. Their differences have been nourished by ancient ethnic roots and they are based in the diversity of each continental region. The crafts are as mixed as Latin America itself. In Cuba, this kind of good is created by subjects who are far away from the academic sector. The empirical knowledge is transmitted from one generation to the next, within the same community and/ or family, and consequently, historical value is added to this production, rather than its use value. The present paper exposed the handcrafts made by a descendant family from Haitian immigrants, known as “The Richards” who have settled down in a rural place located in the East part of Cuba. They are heir of a long tradition proceeding from this nearby country. Their familiar social practices creating their handcraft and also music contribute to the neighbor community. Qualitative perspective used through some in-depth interviews and the ethnographic observation allow not only examine their history and the different ways to make their goods, but also to expose their creative values and the importance of this family as a traditional group within the region and the nets of institutional structure of the East part of this Caribbean island.
不同的拉美手工艺向我们讲述了作品中使用的任何材料的故事。它们的差异源于古老的民族根源,也源于每个大陆地区的多样性。这些手工艺品就像拉丁美洲本身一样五花八门。在古巴,这种艺术品是由远离学术界的人创造的。经验知识在同一社区和/或家庭中代代相传,因此,这种产品的历史价值高于其使用价值。本文介绍了一个海地移民后裔家庭制作的手工艺品,这个家庭被称为 "理查兹家", 他们定居在古巴东部的一个农村地区。他们继承了这个邻近国家的悠久传统。他们熟悉的社会实践创造了他们的手工艺和音乐,为邻里社区做出了贡献。通过一些深入访谈和人种学观察所采用的定性视角,不仅可以考察他们的历史和制造其产品的不同方式,还可以揭示他们的创造性价值观,以及这个家庭作为该地区传统群体和这个加勒比岛国东部体制结构网的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Cartografia da invasão, conquista e ocupação de territórios indígenas em Minas Gerais 入侵、征服和占领米纳斯吉拉斯州土著领地的地图绘制
Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e6
Bernardo de Pinho Tavares Dornela, Antônio Gilberto Costa
Contrapondo-se ao que ocorreu no centro-oeste do território mineiro — onde a descoberta aurífera levou à intensa ocupação e exploração, bem como à dizimação dos povos nativos —, que se consolidou como um distrito minerador nas Minas Gerais, a porção leste do território permaneceu, por considerável período de tempo, ainda mais distante das “mãos” do poder colonizador. Isso fez com que ali se concentrasse a maior parte da presença e da resistência dos povos indígenas da capitania mineira, sobreviventes daquele ímpeto. A partir da segunda metade do século XVIII, no entanto, os novos rumos da dinâmica econômica da capitania fazem esse quadro se alterar, colocando o “sertão leste” nas vistas governamentais como alternativa para a dinamização da economia. O avanço da invasão e da ocupação de terras indígenas na região, baseado em processos de guerra e suposta pacificação, é observado por meio de diversos documentos cartográficos históricos, produzidos entre a segunda metade dos Setecentos e dos Oitocentos joaninos. Analisados à luz dos acontecimentos interpretados por diversos autores, esses documentos tornam-se importantes fontes de pesquisa e entendimento do que ocorreu aos indígenas do leste mineiro.
与米纳斯吉拉斯州中西部的情况相反,东部地区在相当长的一段时间内,甚至远离殖民国家的 "掌控"。这就意味着,米纳斯吉拉斯州的原住民,即这一推动力的幸存者,大部分的存在和抵抗都集中在这里。然而,从 18 世纪下半叶开始,米纳斯吉拉斯州新的经济动态改变了这一局面,政府将 "东部腹地 "视为促进经济发展的另一选择。通过 18 世纪下半叶至 18 世纪期间制作的各种历史地图文件,我们可以观察到在战争和所谓的平定过程中入侵和占领该地区土著土地的进程。根据不同作者对事件的解释进行分析,这些文件成为研究和了解米纳斯吉拉斯州东部土著居民遭遇的重要资料来源。
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引用次数: 0
Derby’s square, the picturesque garden of Recife 德比广场,风景如画的累西腓花园
Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.11606/1982-02672024v32e5
Joelmir Marques da Silva, Jônatas Souza Medeiros da Silva, Italo Cintra Ferreira, Pollyana Martins da Silva
Derby Square is a relevant public space in Recife, recognized as a historic garden and Brazilian cultural heritage due to Burle Marx’s intervention in the 1930s. However, its construction dates back to the 1920s, the period of modernization of the city, with scarce discussions, until now, about its initial design. This article aims to contribute to the historiographical process of Derby Square, focusing mainly on the 1920s and 1930s, ranging from its construction to Burle Marx’s remodeling. To this end, the technique of indirect documentation was adopted, using primary written and visual sources not yet discussed or published, allowing an investigation, recording, analysis, and interpretation of events and the formulation of a new narrative. With this research, it is understood that Derby Square can be interpreted as a palimpsest, in which the elements of the different periods that make up its history are also responsible for highlighting this garden as cultural heritage.
德比广场是累西腓的一个重要公共场所,由于布尔-马克思在 20 世纪 30 年代的干预,它被公认为是一个历史性花园和巴西文化遗产。然而,德比广场的建造可以追溯到 20 世纪 20 年代,也就是城市现代化时期,直到现在,有关其最初设计的讨论还很少。本文旨在为德比广场的史学进程做出贡献,主要关注 20 世纪二三十年代,从广场的建造到伯勒-马克思的改造。为此,我们采用了间接文献技术,利用尚未讨论或出版的原始书面和视觉资料,对事件进行调查、记录、分析和解释,并形成新的叙述。通过这项研究,我们了解到德比广场可以被解释为一个拼贴画,其中构成其历史的不同时期的元素也是突出该花园作为文化遗产的原因。
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引用次数: 0
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Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material
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