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Walnut shells as a filler for polymeric materials 核桃壳作为高分子材料的填料
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.D12.02
M. Dobrzyńska‐Mizera, M. Knitter, M. Barczewski
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引用次数: 5
Bending properties of mechanically jointed solid timber beams. 机械连接实木梁的弯曲性能。
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.152.11
P. Supe, J. Iejavs
The aim of this work is the study of the load bearing capacity of two solid timber beams mechanically jointed by fully threaded timber screws. The obtained results are compared with the load bearing capacity of a glulam beam with the same dimensions. A four-point bending test according to LVS EN 408+A1:2012 points 9, 10 and 19 is performed to determine the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength. The test results are compared to analytical calculations according to Eurocode 5 requirements. The aim is achieved by comparing the characteristics of both beams. The main difference between mechanically jointed solid timber beam and a glulam beam is that joint of the beams reduces the modulus of elasticity while still providing good bending strength.
这项工作的目的是研究由全螺纹木螺钉机械连接的两根实木梁的承载能力。将所得结果与相同尺寸的胶合木梁的承载力进行了比较。根据LVS EN 408+A1:2012第9、10和19点进行四点弯曲试验,以确定弹性模量和弯曲强度。根据欧洲规范5的要求,将测试结果与分析计算进行比较。目的是通过比较两束光束的特性来实现的。机械连接实木梁和胶合木梁的主要区别在于,梁的连接降低了弹性模量,同时仍然提供良好的抗弯强度。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability and warranty issues in the design and production practice of selected Polish and Slovenian furniture-manufacturing companies 选定的波兰和斯洛文尼亚家具制造公司的设计和生产实践中的可靠性和保修问题
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.163.10
R. Kłos, B. Fabisiak, J. Hrovatin, Ng HonKeung
Reliability and quality issues are of crucial importance for both customers and manufacturers operating in a highly competitive marketplace. The aim of the study was to recognize attitudes towards product reliability in the furniture industry. The results are presented of the research conducted in 75 Polish and Slovenian furniture companies, focusing on the manner in which enterprises determine the length of the warranty period and which tools they implement to evaluate the reliability of the furniture construction. The data was collected through direct interviews and surveys. The high level of recognition of reliability and quality as key success factors for the next 5-20 years in the furniture industry was observed. A positive correlation was explored between the size of the enterprise and the existence and use, during the design process, of a database detailing structural failures. A coexistence of variables was found connected with the use of a failures database, an implemented, integrated CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system and the offering of an extended warranty period. The results of the study confirm the necessity and importance for furniture-manufacturing companies to consider reliability and warranty issues in their industrial practice.
在竞争激烈的市场中,可靠性和质量问题对客户和制造商都至关重要。研究的目的是认识对产品可靠性在家具行业的态度。结果是在75家波兰和斯洛文尼亚家具公司进行的研究,重点是企业确定保修期长度的方式,以及他们实施哪些工具来评估家具结构的可靠性。数据是通过直接访谈和调查收集的。我们观察到,可靠性和质量被高度认可为家具行业未来5-20年成功的关键因素。在设计过程中,探讨了企业规模与详细描述结构故障的数据库的存在和使用之间的正相关关系。变量的共存被发现与使用故障数据库、实施的集成CRM(客户关系管理)系统和提供延长的保修期有关。研究结果证实了家具制造企业在工业实践中考虑可靠性和保修问题的必要性和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of machining parameters and tool wear on the delamination process during milling of melamine-faced chipboard 加工参数和刀具磨损对三聚氰胺刨花板铣削分层过程的影响
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.189.09
K. Szwajka, T. Trzepieciński
The results of investigations into the wear of a high-speed steel double-bit mill during the milling of melamine-faced chipboard are presented in this paper. The experimental investigations identified the effect of the cutting speed and feed per tooth on the value of force parameters in the cutting process as well as on the value of the factor of chipboard edge delamination. The significance of the effect of cutting process parameters and tool wear on the value of the delamination factor was determined using multivariate analysis of variance. In the research, we used an industrial cutting force sensor. The possibility of the application of the industrial sensor to measure the signals of force parameters during milling is investigated. In the case of feed per tooth, there was no clear effect of this parameter on intensification of the delamination phenomenon.
本文介绍了高速钢双钻头铣刀加工三聚氰胺刨花板时的磨损情况。实验研究确定了切削速度和每齿进给量对切削过程中力参数值的影响以及对刨花板边缘分层因子值的影响。采用多变量方差分析确定了切削工艺参数和刀具磨损对分层因子值影响的显著性。在研究中,我们使用了工业切削力传感器。探讨了用工业传感器测量铣削过程中力参数信号的可能性。在每齿进给量的情况下,该参数对分层现象的加剧没有明显的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Comparison of reinforced oxygen delignification methods for old corrugated board (OCC) fibres 旧瓦楞纸板(OCC)纤维增强氧脱木质素方法的比较
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.208.04
B. Koc, E. Gümüşkaya, E. Eri̇şi̇r, Emrah Peşman, H. Kirci
The present work focuses on the effects of sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide as reinforcing agents for the oxygen delignification of old corrugated container paper (OCC). The chemical and crystalline structure, physical and mechanical properties and the optical properties were investigated in OCC papers delignified using reinforced oxygen delignification methods. The relative degradation rates were determined at 4.02% for oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and 0.62% for oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide at a 2% alkali charge. The results showed that paper sheet properties following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide were better than for those following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and pure sodium percarbonate. It was determined that the whiteness value was higher following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate rather than any of the other reinforcing agents, while the highest ISO brightness value was found following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide.
本文主要研究过碳酸钠和过氧化氢作为补强剂对旧瓦楞纸箱纸氧脱木质素的影响。采用增强氧脱木质素法对OCC进行脱木质素处理,研究了OCC的化学结晶结构、物理力学性能和光学性能。过碳酸钠增强氧脱木质素的相对降解率为4.02%,过氧化氢增强氧脱木质素的相对降解率为0.62%。结果表明,过氧化氢增强氧脱木质素的纸张性能优于过碳酸钠和纯过碳酸钠增强氧脱木质素的纸张。结果表明,用过碳酸钠增强氧脱木质素后的白度值高于其他增强剂,而用过氧化氢增强氧脱木质素后的ISO亮度值最高。
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引用次数: 4
Application of adhesive joints in reinforcement and reconstruction of weakened wooden elements loaded axially 粘接接缝在轴向受压弱木构件加固与重建中的应用
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.128.05
Piotr Rapp
The paper concerns the formulation and analysis of an adhesive joint model, aimed at reinforcing or reconstructing weakened wooden elements. The joint is modeled as a plane stress problem of the theory of elasticity. It is assumed that wood is an orthotropic material. The reinforcement of an element is achieved by means of attaching a covering plate, while reconstruction is carried out by introducting an insert into the weakened (deteriorated) zone of an element. The influence of varying thickness of plates and inserts on the stress states in the adherends and adhesive is analyzed. The analyses are related to axially loaded elements.
本文讨论了一种粘结连接模型的制定和分析,其目的是加固或重建软弱的木制构件。采用弹性力学理论的平面应力问题对节点进行建模。假定木材是一种正交各向异性材料。元件的加固是通过附加盖板来实现的,而重建是通过在元件的弱化(恶化)区域引入插入物来进行的。分析了不同板厚和嵌件厚度对粘接件和胶粘剂应力状态的影响。这些分析与轴向载荷单元有关。
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引用次数: 5
Combining laccase with Cu(salen) catalysts for oxidation of kraft lignin. 漆酶与Cu(salen)催化剂复合氧化硫酸盐木质素。
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.172.02
X. F. Zhou, K. Tang
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引用次数: 1
Selected aspects of innovation in the furniture industry - empirical research findings 选择家具行业创新方面的实证研究成果
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.175.12
E. Grzegorzewska, M. Więckowska
A willingness to innovate and develop innovation potential are the basic conditions for competitiveness on domestic, as well as international, markets. The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of innovation within the furniture industry in Poland. Empirical research was conducted in two stages. In the first, based on the findings of analyses published by the Central Statistical Office, the innovation activity of furniture enterprises was evaluated in comparison with that of all Polish industry. The second stage comprised primary research, the aim of which was to collect opinions from furniture manufacturers on certain aspects of innovation activity. The analysis was conducted in 80 medium-sized and large furniture enterprises. The research tool was an interview questionnaire composed of 31 questions. From the primary research it was found that the greatest influence on an increase in demand for furniture was a price reduction of the product. The most significant factor influencing the decision on the part of entrepreneurs regarding the introduction of innovation was its economic justification. The main factor curbing innovation activity in furniture enterprises was a lack of funds.
创新的意愿和发展创新潜力是在国内和国际市场上具有竞争力的基本条件。本文的目的是探讨波兰家具行业对创新的看法。实证研究分两个阶段进行。首先,根据中央统计局公布的分析结果,将家具企业的创新活动与波兰所有工业的创新活动进行了比较。第二阶段包括初级研究,其目的是收集家具制造商对创新活动某些方面的意见。分析对象为80家大中型家具企业。研究工具是由31个问题组成的访谈问卷。从初步研究中发现,对家具需求增加的最大影响是产品价格的降低。影响企业家引入创新决策的最重要因素是其经济合理性。制约家具企业创新活动的主要因素是资金不足。
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引用次数: 7
Determination of fibre saturation point of selected tropical wood species using different methods 用不同方法测定选定热带树种纤维饱和点
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C07.12
A. Jankowska, P. Kozakiewicz
The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point of tropical wood. Two different methods were used to achieve this aim: the logarithm of strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture content plot to zero shrinkage. The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, and Wenge, and South America: American mahogony and Ipe. For comparison, selected domestic wood species of a similar structure – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – were also tested. Determination of the fibre saturation point of the selected wood species using two methods delivered similar results (the small differences were not significant). The results showed that, generally, the fibre saturation point of the tropical wood species was lower than in the case of the European wood species. The lowest values of the fibre saturation point were shown by the African padouk and Ipe (approx. 17 %). Moreover, it was found that in the case of the tropical wood, the basic density had a significant influence on the sorption properties of the tested wood species.
本研究的主要目的是确定热带木材的纤维饱和点。采用了两种不同的方法来实现这一目标:强度性能与含水率的对数和体积收缩-含水率图至零收缩。测试包括来自非洲的木材品种:奥佩、伊罗科、非洲帕多克和文格,以及南美洲的美洲红木和伊布。为了进行比较,还对结构相似的国内木材种欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)进行了测试。用两种方法测定所选树种的纤维饱和点的结果相似(差异不大)。结果表明,热带树种的纤维饱和点一般低于欧洲树种。纤维饱和点的最低值是非洲的padouk和Ipe(约为1。17%)。此外,还发现在热带木材的情况下,基本密度对被试木材的吸附性能有显著影响。
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引用次数: 6
Properties of high-density polyethylene reinforced with pine-wood fillers 松木填料增强高密度聚乙烯的性能研究
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C23.23
K. Bula, M. Knitter
Wood-polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene and two types of pine-wood filler were investigated. It is shown that the addition of long wood fibres to common polyethylene leads to a substantial increase in stiffness, i.e. from 504 MPa for PE-HD up to 1526 MPa for PE-HD with 60% wood fibres. Moreover, morphological investigations revealed that superficial wood particles were sufficiently embedded in the base polymer ensuring protection against higher moisture uptake rates.
研究了以高密度聚乙烯和两种松木填料为基体的木聚合物复合材料。结果表明,在普通聚乙烯中加入长木纤维可以显著增加刚度,即从PE-HD的504 MPa增加到PE-HD的1526 MPa,其中含有60%的木纤维。此外,形态学研究表明,表面的木颗粒充分嵌入在基础聚合物中,确保防止更高的吸湿率。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Drewno
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