Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.D12.02
M. Dobrzyńska‐Mizera, M. Knitter, M. Barczewski
{"title":"Walnut shells as a filler for polymeric materials","authors":"M. Dobrzyńska‐Mizera, M. Knitter, M. Barczewski","doi":"10.12841/wood.1644-3985.D12.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.D12.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.152.11
P. Supe, J. Iejavs
The aim of this work is the study of the load bearing capacity of two solid timber beams mechanically jointed by fully threaded timber screws. The obtained results are compared with the load bearing capacity of a glulam beam with the same dimensions. A four-point bending test according to LVS EN 408+A1:2012 points 9, 10 and 19 is performed to determine the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength. The test results are compared to analytical calculations according to Eurocode 5 requirements. The aim is achieved by comparing the characteristics of both beams. The main difference between mechanically jointed solid timber beam and a glulam beam is that joint of the beams reduces the modulus of elasticity while still providing good bending strength.
这项工作的目的是研究由全螺纹木螺钉机械连接的两根实木梁的承载能力。将所得结果与相同尺寸的胶合木梁的承载力进行了比较。根据LVS EN 408+A1:2012第9、10和19点进行四点弯曲试验，以确定弹性模量和弯曲强度。根据欧洲规范5的要求，将测试结果与分析计算进行比较。目的是通过比较两束光束的特性来实现的。机械连接实木梁和胶合木梁的主要区别在于，梁的连接降低了弹性模量，同时仍然提供良好的抗弯强度。
{"title":"Bending properties of mechanically jointed solid timber beams.","authors":"P. Supe, J. Iejavs","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.152.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.152.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is the study of the load bearing capacity of two solid timber beams mechanically jointed by fully threaded timber screws. The obtained results are compared with the load bearing capacity of a glulam beam with the same dimensions. A four-point bending test according to LVS EN 408+A1:2012 points 9, 10 and 19 is performed to determine the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength. The test results are compared to analytical calculations according to Eurocode 5 requirements. The aim is achieved by comparing the characteristics of both beams. The main difference between mechanically jointed solid timber beam and a glulam beam is that joint of the beams reduces the modulus of elasticity while still providing good bending strength.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"60 1","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66329889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.163.10
R. Kłos, B. Fabisiak, J. Hrovatin, Ng HonKeung
Reliability and quality issues are of crucial importance for both customers and manufacturers operating in a highly competitive marketplace. The aim of the study was to recognize attitudes towards product reliability in the furniture industry. The results are presented of the research conducted in 75 Polish and Slovenian furniture companies, focusing on the manner in which enterprises determine the length of the warranty period and which tools they implement to evaluate the reliability of the furniture construction. The data was collected through direct interviews and surveys. The high level of recognition of reliability and quality as key success factors for the next 5-20 years in the furniture industry was observed. A positive correlation was explored between the size of the enterprise and the existence and use, during the design process, of a database detailing structural failures. A coexistence of variables was found connected with the use of a failures database, an implemented, integrated CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system and the offering of an extended warranty period. The results of the study confirm the necessity and importance for furniture-manufacturing companies to consider reliability and warranty issues in their industrial practice.
{"title":"Reliability and warranty issues in the design and production practice of selected Polish and Slovenian furniture-manufacturing companies","authors":"R. Kłos, B. Fabisiak, J. Hrovatin, Ng HonKeung","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.163.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.163.10","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability and quality issues are of crucial importance for both customers and manufacturers operating in a highly competitive marketplace. The aim of the study was to recognize attitudes towards product reliability in the furniture industry. The results are presented of the research conducted in 75 Polish and Slovenian furniture companies, focusing on the manner in which enterprises determine the length of the warranty period and which tools they implement to evaluate the reliability of the furniture construction. The data was collected through direct interviews and surveys. The high level of recognition of reliability and quality as key success factors for the next 5-20 years in the furniture industry was observed. A positive correlation was explored between the size of the enterprise and the existence and use, during the design process, of a database detailing structural failures. A coexistence of variables was found connected with the use of a failures database, an implemented, integrated CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system and the offering of an extended warranty period. The results of the study confirm the necessity and importance for furniture-manufacturing companies to consider reliability and warranty issues in their industrial practice.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"60 1","pages":"133-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.189.09
K. Szwajka, T. Trzepieciński
The results of investigations into the wear of a high-speed steel double-bit mill during the milling of melamine-faced chipboard are presented in this paper. The experimental investigations identified the effect of the cutting speed and feed per tooth on the value of force parameters in the cutting process as well as on the value of the factor of chipboard edge delamination. The significance of the effect of cutting process parameters and tool wear on the value of the delamination factor was determined using multivariate analysis of variance. In the research, we used an industrial cutting force sensor. The possibility of the application of the industrial sensor to measure the signals of force parameters during milling is investigated. In the case of feed per tooth, there was no clear effect of this parameter on intensification of the delamination phenomenon.
{"title":"The influence of machining parameters and tool wear on the delamination process during milling of melamine-faced chipboard","authors":"K. Szwajka, T. Trzepieciński","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.189.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.189.09","url":null,"abstract":"The results of investigations into the wear of a high-speed steel double-bit mill during the milling of melamine-faced chipboard are presented in this paper. The experimental investigations identified the effect of the cutting speed and feed per tooth on the value of force parameters in the cutting process as well as on the value of the factor of chipboard edge delamination. The significance of the effect of cutting process parameters and tool wear on the value of the delamination factor was determined using multivariate analysis of variance. In the research, we used an industrial cutting force sensor. The possibility of the application of the industrial sensor to measure the signals of force parameters during milling is investigated. In the case of feed per tooth, there was no clear effect of this parameter on intensification of the delamination phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"60 1","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.208.04
B. Koc, E. Gümüşkaya, E. Eri̇şi̇r, Emrah Peşman, H. Kirci
The present work focuses on the effects of sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide as reinforcing agents for the oxygen delignification of old corrugated container paper (OCC). The chemical and crystalline structure, physical and mechanical properties and the optical properties were investigated in OCC papers delignified using reinforced oxygen delignification methods. The relative degradation rates were determined at 4.02% for oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and 0.62% for oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide at a 2% alkali charge. The results showed that paper sheet properties following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide were better than for those following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and pure sodium percarbonate. It was determined that the whiteness value was higher following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate rather than any of the other reinforcing agents, while the highest ISO brightness value was found following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide.
{"title":"Comparison of reinforced oxygen delignification methods for old corrugated board (OCC) fibres","authors":"B. Koc, E. Gümüşkaya, E. Eri̇şi̇r, Emrah Peşman, H. Kirci","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.208.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.208.04","url":null,"abstract":"The present work focuses on the effects of sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide as reinforcing agents for the oxygen delignification of old corrugated container paper (OCC). The chemical and crystalline structure, physical and mechanical properties and the optical properties were investigated in OCC papers delignified using reinforced oxygen delignification methods. The relative degradation rates were determined at 4.02% for oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and 0.62% for oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide at a 2% alkali charge. The results showed that paper sheet properties following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide were better than for those following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate and pure sodium percarbonate. It was determined that the whiteness value was higher following oxygen delignification reinforced with sodium percarbonate rather than any of the other reinforcing agents, while the highest ISO brightness value was found following oxygen delignification reinforced with hydrogen peroxide.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"60 1","pages":"47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.128.05
Piotr Rapp
The paper concerns the formulation and analysis of an adhesive joint model, aimed at reinforcing or reconstructing weakened wooden elements. The joint is modeled as a plane stress problem of the theory of elasticity. It is assumed that wood is an orthotropic material. The reinforcement of an element is achieved by means of attaching a covering plate, while reconstruction is carried out by introducting an insert into the weakened (deteriorated) zone of an element. The influence of varying thickness of plates and inserts on the stress states in the adherends and adhesive is analyzed. The analyses are related to axially loaded elements.
{"title":"Application of adhesive joints in reinforcement and reconstruction of weakened wooden elements loaded axially","authors":"Piotr Rapp","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.128.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.128.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concerns the formulation and analysis of an adhesive joint model, aimed at reinforcing or reconstructing weakened wooden elements. The joint is modeled as a plane stress problem of the theory of elasticity. It is assumed that wood is an orthotropic material. The reinforcement of an element is achieved by means of attaching a covering plate, while reconstruction is carried out by introducting an insert into the weakened (deteriorated) zone of an element. The influence of varying thickness of plates and inserts on the stress states in the adherends and adhesive is analyzed. The analyses are related to axially loaded elements.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"59 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66329423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.172.02
X. F. Zhou, K. Tang
{"title":"Combining laccase with Cu(salen) catalysts for oxidation of kraft lignin.","authors":"X. F. Zhou, K. Tang","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.172.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.172.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"59 1","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.175.12
E. Grzegorzewska, M. Więckowska
A willingness to innovate and develop innovation potential are the basic conditions for competitiveness on domestic, as well as international, markets. The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of innovation within the furniture industry in Poland. Empirical research was conducted in two stages. In the first, based on the findings of analyses published by the Central Statistical Office, the innovation activity of furniture enterprises was evaluated in comparison with that of all Polish industry. The second stage comprised primary research, the aim of which was to collect opinions from furniture manufacturers on certain aspects of innovation activity. The analysis was conducted in 80 medium-sized and large furniture enterprises. The research tool was an interview questionnaire composed of 31 questions. From the primary research it was found that the greatest influence on an increase in demand for furniture was a price reduction of the product. The most significant factor influencing the decision on the part of entrepreneurs regarding the introduction of innovation was its economic justification. The main factor curbing innovation activity in furniture enterprises was a lack of funds.
{"title":"Selected aspects of innovation in the furniture industry - empirical research findings","authors":"E. Grzegorzewska, M. Więckowska","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.175.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.175.12","url":null,"abstract":"A willingness to innovate and develop innovation potential are the basic conditions for competitiveness on domestic, as well as international, markets. The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of innovation within the furniture industry in Poland. Empirical research was conducted in two stages. In the first, based on the findings of analyses published by the Central Statistical Office, the innovation activity of furniture enterprises was evaluated in comparison with that of all Polish industry. The second stage comprised primary research, the aim of which was to collect opinions from furniture manufacturers on certain aspects of innovation activity. The analysis was conducted in 80 medium-sized and large furniture enterprises. The research tool was an interview questionnaire composed of 31 questions. From the primary research it was found that the greatest influence on an increase in demand for furniture was a price reduction of the product. The most significant factor influencing the decision on the part of entrepreneurs regarding the introduction of innovation was its economic justification. The main factor curbing innovation activity in furniture enterprises was a lack of funds.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C07.12
A. Jankowska, P. Kozakiewicz
The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point of tropical wood. Two different methods were used to achieve this aim: the logarithm of strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture content plot to zero shrinkage. The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, and Wenge, and South America: American mahogony and Ipe. For comparison, selected domestic wood species of a similar structure – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – were also tested. Determination of the fibre saturation point of the selected wood species using two methods delivered similar results (the small differences were not significant). The results showed that, generally, the fibre saturation point of the tropical wood species was lower than in the case of the European wood species. The lowest values of the fibre saturation point were shown by the African padouk and Ipe (approx. 17 %). Moreover, it was found that in the case of the tropical wood, the basic density had a significant influence on the sorption properties of the tested wood species.
{"title":"Determination of fibre saturation point of selected tropical wood species using different methods","authors":"A. Jankowska, P. Kozakiewicz","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C07.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C07.12","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research was to determine the fibre saturation point of tropical wood. Two different methods were used to achieve this aim: the logarithm of strength properties versus moisture content and volumetric shrinkage-moisture content plot to zero shrinkage. The test included selected wood species from Africa: Opepe, Iroko, African padouk, and Wenge, and South America: American mahogony and Ipe. For comparison, selected domestic wood species of a similar structure – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) – were also tested. Determination of the fibre saturation point of the selected wood species using two methods delivered similar results (the small differences were not significant). The results showed that, generally, the fibre saturation point of the tropical wood species was lower than in the case of the European wood species. The lowest values of the fibre saturation point were shown by the African padouk and Ipe (approx. 17 %). Moreover, it was found that in the case of the tropical wood, the basic density had a significant influence on the sorption properties of the tested wood species.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66330740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C23.23
K. Bula, M. Knitter
Wood-polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene and two types of pine-wood filler were investigated. It is shown that the addition of long wood fibres to common polyethylene leads to a substantial increase in stiffness, i.e. from 504 MPa for PE-HD up to 1526 MPa for PE-HD with 60% wood fibres. Moreover, morphological investigations revealed that superficial wood particles were sufficiently embedded in the base polymer ensuring protection against higher moisture uptake rates.
{"title":"Properties of high-density polyethylene reinforced with pine-wood fillers","authors":"K. Bula, M. Knitter","doi":"10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C23.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12841/WOOD.1644-3985.C23.23","url":null,"abstract":"Wood-polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene and two types of pine-wood filler were investigated. It is shown that the addition of long wood fibres to common polyethylene leads to a substantial increase in stiffness, i.e. from 504 MPa for PE-HD up to 1526 MPa for PE-HD with 60% wood fibres. Moreover, morphological investigations revealed that superficial wood particles were sufficiently embedded in the base polymer ensuring protection against higher moisture uptake rates.","PeriodicalId":50566,"journal":{"name":"Drewno","volume":"59 1","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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