Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.006
Megan Horst, J. Valliant, J. Freedgood
Next-generation farmers face immense challenges in securing land. In recent years, some state- and federal-level land access policy incentives (LAPIs) have been implemented to address these challenges. In this paper, we assess the Transition Incentives Program (TIP), an initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program that is funded by Congressional farm bills. TIP offers landowners two years of financial incentives for leasing or selling to a beginning or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher (categories of farmers defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture). In our study, we characterize TIP participants to understand where and how TIP assists beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers. Our findings demonstrate that TIP serves some landowners and next-generation farmers, primarily in the Midwest and Mountain West. We demonstrate a spatial mismatch between where next-generation farmers live and high rates of TIP participation. Variable participation may be due to inconsistent outreach and limits to the program design. We identify key barriers and provide insights to improve TIP and other land access programs for next-generation farmers.
下一代农民在获得土地方面面临巨大挑战。近年来，一些州和联邦层面的土地使用政策激励措施（LAPIs）已开始实施，以应对这些挑战。在本文中，我们评估了过渡激励计划 (TIP)，这是美国农业部保护储备计划的一项举措，由国会农业法案提供资金。TIP 为土地所有者提供为期两年的经济激励，鼓励他们将土地出租或出售给新手或社会处境不利的农民或牧场主（美国农业部定义的农民类别）。在我们的研究中，我们描述了 TIP 参与者的特征，以了解 TIP 在哪些方面以及如何帮助新农民和牧场主以及在社会上处于不利地位的农民和牧场主。我们的研究结果表明，TIP 主要为中西部和西部山区的一些土地所有者和下一代农民提供服务。我们发现，下一代农民的居住地与 TIP 的高参与率之间存在空间上的不匹配。参与率参差不齐的原因可能是宣传不一致和计划设计的局限性。我们找出了关键障碍，并提出了改进 TIP 和其他针对下一代农民的土地使用计划的见解。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.003
Mallory Cerkleski
First paragraph: As the Indian agricultural landscape continues to undergo transformative shifts, the need for nuanced literature addressing agrarian change becomes increasingly pronounced. In this review, we delve into two pivotal works—Distress in the Fields: Indian Agriculture after Economic Liberalization, edited by R. Ramakumar, and Agrarian Reform and Farmer Resistance in Punjab: Mobilization and Resilience, edited by Shinder Singh Thandi. As a scholar of agriculture, food systems, and history, I bring to the forefront a critical evaluation of these books, positioning them within the broader context of agrarian evolution in India.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.004
Marc T. Sager, Lily Binford, Anthony Petrosino
In this commentary, we provide a snapshot into the experiences and perspectives of college students and staff engaged in an on-campus urban farm run by a college. By delving into the challenges faced by staff members and student workers, we seek to identify nuanced areas for improvement in the management, communication, and promotion of the on-campus farm’s work. This commentary emphasizes the imperative to bridge the gap between students and staff, address negative perceptions, and amplify the educational and career value of on-campus farming experiences.
{"title":"Staff and student engagement on and perceptions of a college campus’s urban farm","authors":"Marc T. Sager, Lily Binford, Anthony Petrosino","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this commentary, we provide a snapshot into the experiences and perspectives of college students and staff engaged in an on-campus urban farm run by a college. By delving into the challenges faced by staff members and student workers, we seek to identify nuanced areas for improvement in the management, communication, and promotion of the on-campus farm’s work. This commentary emphasizes the imperative to bridge the gap between students and staff, address negative perceptions, and amplify the educational and career value of on-campus farming experiences.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"99 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.003
Mallory Cerkleski
First paragraph: As the Indian agricultural landscape continues to undergo transformative shifts, the need for nuanced literature addressing agrarian change becomes increasingly pronounced. In this review, we delve into two pivotal works—Distress in the Fields: Indian Agriculture after Economic Liberalization, edited by R. Ramakumar, and Agrarian Reform and Farmer Resistance in Punjab: Mobilization and Resilience, edited by Shinder Singh Thandi. As a scholar of agriculture, food systems, and history, I bring to the forefront a critical evaluation of these books, positioning them within the broader context of agrarian evolution in India.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.004
Marc T. Sager, Lily Binford, Anthony Petrosino
In this commentary, we provide a snapshot into the experiences and perspectives of college students and staff engaged in an on-campus urban farm run by a college. By delving into the challenges faced by staff members and student workers, we seek to identify nuanced areas for improvement in the management, communication, and promotion of the on-campus farm’s work. This commentary emphasizes the imperative to bridge the gap between students and staff, address negative perceptions, and amplify the educational and career value of on-campus farming experiences.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.002
Victoria Koski-Karell, Rolinx Monprevil, Justin Schell, Natalie Sampson, Simone Charles, Jackie M. Goodrich
Rice makes up nearly a quarter of dietary intake in Haiti. Rice consumption began to rapidly increase during the mid-1980s and 1990s, corresponding to policy interventions that promoted the importation and consumption of U.S.-grown rice, soon making Haiti the second largest export market for American rice worldwide. Haitian growers also cultivate and sell local rice. Rice consumption can be a significant source of exposure to toxic metals since rice plants accumulate arsenic and cadmium from their environment. In August 2020, we collected samples of local (n=48) and imported (n=50) rice from vendor sites in the Lower Artibonite Valley region of Haiti. Cadmium and arsenic concentrations were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Levels were compared between local versus imported commercial rice samples. For arsenic, we conducted a simulation study to estimate the intake of arsenic from varied quantities of local or imported rice samples on a per-body weight basis for adults and young children. We found that median concentrations were nearly two-fold higher for both arsenic and cadmium in imported rice (0.15 µg/g and 0.007 µg/g) compared to local rice (0.07 µg/g and 0.003 µg/g). Our simulation of arsenic intake through rice consumption suggests that adults of varying weights consuming 3 or more cups of imported rice per day would exceed a daily minimum risk level for toxicity. The simulation also suggests that most children consuming 1 or more cups of local or imported rice per day would exceed a health-based arsenic intake limit. In Haiti, imported rice had an average level of arsenic twice that of locally grown product, with some imported sources exceeding the international limits recommended to protect human health. Current consumption patterns of imported rice over the long-term for children and adults may adversely impact health in Haiti. Strengthening community food systems can promote better health.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.001
J. Ikerd
First paragraphs: The Harvard Business School defines transformational changes as “changes that are typically much grander in scope than incremental, adaptive changes. Very often, transformational change refers to a dramatic evolution of some basic structure of the business itself—its strategy, culture, organization, physical structure, supply chain, or processes” (Harvard Business School Online, 2020, “Transformational Change,” para. 1). I have lived and worked through a period of transformational change in American agriculture. I was born in 1939 and raised on a small family farm in southwest Missouri. The only farm machinery in our community during the early 1940s was a steam engine that powered a threshing machine that moved from farm to farm at harvest time. Everything on the farm was done with horse power or human power. We milked cows by hand, picked corn by hand, and plowed fields and cultivated crops with horse-drawn equipment. Like most farmers in the U.S. at the time, most farmers in our community milked a few cows, raised a few hogs and chickens, and grew at least enough feed grains and forages for their livestock. They used crop rotations and livestock manure to manage pests and maintain soil fertility. Neighboring farmers shared their horsepower and human power at harvest times—as a matter of necessity. I recall silo-filling crews of up to 40 farmers. Our community may have been a few years behind some other areas, but this was pretty much the state of agriculture in the U.S. in the late 1940s. . . .
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Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.002
Victoria Koski-Karell, Rolinx Monprevil, Justin Schell, Natalie Sampson, Simone Charles, Jackie M. Goodrich
Rice makes up nearly a quarter of dietary intake in Haiti. Rice consumption began to rapidly increase during the mid-1980s and 1990s, corresponding to policy interventions that promoted the importation and consumption of U.S.-grown rice, soon making Haiti the second largest export market for American rice worldwide. Haitian growers also cultivate and sell local rice. Rice consumption can be a significant source of exposure to toxic metals since rice plants accumulate arsenic and cadmium from their environment. In August 2020, we collected samples of local (n=48) and imported (n=50) rice from vendor sites in the Lower Artibonite Valley region of Haiti. Cadmium and arsenic concentrations were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Levels were compared between local versus imported commercial rice samples. For arsenic, we conducted a simulation study to estimate the intake of arsenic from varied quantities of local or imported rice samples on a per-body weight basis for adults and young children. We found that median concentrations were nearly two-fold higher for both arsenic and cadmium in imported rice (0.15 µg/g and 0.007 µg/g) compared to local rice (0.07 µg/g and 0.003 µg/g). Our simulation of arsenic intake through rice consumption suggests that adults of varying weights consuming 3 or more cups of imported rice per day would exceed a daily minimum risk level for toxicity. The simulation also suggests that most children consuming 1 or more cups of local or imported rice per day would exceed a health-based arsenic intake limit. In Haiti, imported rice had an average level of arsenic twice that of locally grown product, with some imported sources exceeding the international limits recommended to protect human health. Current consumption patterns of imported rice over the long-term for children and adults may adversely impact health in Haiti. Strengthening community food systems can promote better health.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2024.132.001
J. Ikerd
First paragraphs: The Harvard Business School defines transformational changes as “changes that are typically much grander in scope than incremental, adaptive changes. Very often, transformational change refers to a dramatic evolution of some basic structure of the business itself—its strategy, culture, organization, physical structure, supply chain, or processes” (Harvard Business School Online, 2020, “Transformational Change,” para. 1). I have lived and worked through a period of transformational change in American agriculture. I was born in 1939 and raised on a small family farm in southwest Missouri. The only farm machinery in our community during the early 1940s was a steam engine that powered a threshing machine that moved from farm to farm at harvest time. Everything on the farm was done with horse power or human power. We milked cows by hand, picked corn by hand, and plowed fields and cultivated crops with horse-drawn equipment. Like most farmers in the U.S. at the time, most farmers in our community milked a few cows, raised a few hogs and chickens, and grew at least enough feed grains and forages for their livestock. They used crop rotations and livestock manure to manage pests and maintain soil fertility. Neighboring farmers shared their horsepower and human power at harvest times—as a matter of necessity. I recall silo-filling crews of up to 40 farmers. Our community may have been a few years behind some other areas, but this was pretty much the state of agriculture in the U.S. in the late 1940s. . . .
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.023
D. Hilchey
First paragraphs: This fall 2023 issue of JAFSCD (volume 13, issue 1) includes open-call papers on a wide range of topics spanning the three main domains of a food system: production, marketing, and consumption. It also includes additional articles in response to our special call for papers on “Fostering Socially and Ecologically Resilient Food and Farm Systems Through Research Networks,” sponsored by INFAS, eOrganic, and USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture. On our cover we see Michael Gavin, owner and operator of Root and Regenerate Urban Farms, using a seeder to plant a spring crop in one of the SPIN (Small plot IN-tensive) back yard plots in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He collaborated with co-author Chelsea Rozanski, who is Ph.D. candidate in anthropology at the University of Calgary, on the article in this issue mentioned below. We begin the issue with John Ikerd’s Economic Pamphleteer column. In this first in a new series of columns he has titled “Perspectives on Agriculture, Food Systems, and Communities,” Ikerd calls for reforms requiring “changes in culture that prioritize resourcefulness, resilience, and regeneration over extraction, exploitation, and extermination.” I have more to say about John’s new series at the end of this editorial. . . .
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