Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.011
Walter Goldstein
This paper describes decades of research developing a new type of corn (maize) cultivar that utilizes partnerships with seed-borne, bacterial endophytes to create environmentally friendly, nutritious corn that is better adapted to organic farming. Over time the project engaged and formed multiple, evolving networks of corn breeders and other scientists, organic farmers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), private companies, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and state agricultural universities in several states. It addressed and partly resolved the need for developing (a) yield-competitive hybrids with greater nutrient density (methionine and minerals), (b) better adapted inbreds for organic production conditions, and (c) reduced pollution from nitrogen fertilizers. The partnership approach taken also differs from usual top-down mechanistic breeding approaches in that the methods of breeding entailed holistic attention, learning, and respect for what turned out to be corn plants evolving in symbiogenesis with beneficial microbial partners. Initial studies indicate that the resulting corn from the program is competitive in yield but has better nutritional value. It obtains more of its nitrogen from microbial biomass and organic matter and nitrogen fixation than does conventional corn. Its performance partially depends on seed-borne plant/microbial partnerships. This corn continues to be developed at the Mandaamin Institute but is also being commercially introduced for testing by farmers.
{"title":"The evolution of a partnership-based breeding program for organic corn","authors":"Walter Goldstein","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes decades of research developing a new type of corn (maize) cultivar that utilizes partnerships with seed-borne, bacterial endophytes to create environmentally friendly, nutritious corn that is better adapted to organic farming. Over time the project engaged and formed multiple, evolving networks of corn breeders and other scientists, organic farmers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), private companies, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and state agricultural universities in several states. It addressed and partly resolved the need for developing (a) yield-competitive hybrids with greater nutrient density (methionine and minerals), (b) better adapted inbreds for organic production conditions, and (c) reduced pollution from nitrogen fertilizers. The partnership approach taken also differs from usual top-down mechanistic breeding approaches in that the methods of breeding entailed holistic attention, learning, and respect for what turned out to be corn plants evolving in symbiogenesis with beneficial microbial partners. Initial studies indicate that the resulting corn from the program is competitive in yield but has better nutritional value. It obtains more of its nitrogen from microbial biomass and organic matter and nitrogen fixation than does conventional corn. Its performance partially depends on seed-borne plant/microbial partnerships. This corn continues to be developed at the Mandaamin Institute but is also being commercially introduced for testing by farmers.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.009
Samuel Ikendi, Francis Owusu, D. Masinde, Ann Oberhauser, Carmen Bain
Food and nutrition security projections from global to household levels show that the future requires multifaceted approaches to achieve desired goals. In Uganda, the government has tried several strategies to promote food production, including a public-private partnership with Iowa State University through its Center for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. In this comparative study, we surveyed 454 households to explore whether participation in livelihood education programs (LEPs) impact household food security. We also determine which LEPs and household characteristics influence food security. Overall, 46.3% of the surveyed households were food secure, while the remaining were insecure or extremely insecure. Significantly, 51.0% of LEP participants were more food secure, compared to 35.5% of nonparticipants. Specific LEPs including agronomy and postharvest technologies, and livestock integration significantly influence food security, but less so for programs on nutrition and infant feeding, water supply and public health, complementary services like therapeutic porridge and assistance with immunization, and income innovations. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the household characteristics of keeping livestock and the number of meals eaten during periods of scarcity, influenced households having more food security than insecurity or extreme insecurity. Households participating in LEPs, having larger acreage of land, and having clean water and sanitation facilities were more food secure. The time taken to fetch water, days of illness of male adults, and belonging to community social groups, also influence the level of household food security. Based on these findings, we recommend that households should participate in LEPs to build their capacity to manage crop and livestock production, and also to acquire knowledge of nutrition and feeding, public health, and income innovations.
{"title":"Does participation in livelihood education programs impact household food security? A comparative study in rural Uganda","authors":"Samuel Ikendi, Francis Owusu, D. Masinde, Ann Oberhauser, Carmen Bain","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.009","url":null,"abstract":"Food and nutrition security projections from global to household levels show that the future requires multifaceted approaches to achieve desired goals. In Uganda, the government has tried several strategies to promote food production, including a public-private partnership with Iowa State University through its Center for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. In this comparative study, we surveyed 454 households to explore whether participation in livelihood education programs (LEPs) impact household food security. We also determine which LEPs and household characteristics influence food security. Overall, 46.3% of the surveyed households were food secure, while the remaining were insecure or extremely insecure. Significantly, 51.0% of LEP participants were more food secure, compared to 35.5% of nonparticipants. Specific LEPs including agronomy and postharvest technologies, and livestock integration significantly influence food security, but less so for programs on nutrition and infant feeding, water supply and public health, complementary services like therapeutic porridge and assistance with immunization, and income innovations. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the household characteristics of keeping livestock and the number of meals eaten during periods of scarcity, influenced households having more food security than insecurity or extreme insecurity. Households participating in LEPs, having larger acreage of land, and having clean water and sanitation facilities were more food secure. The time taken to fetch water, days of illness of male adults, and belonging to community social groups, also influence the level of household food security. Based on these findings, we recommend that households should participate in LEPs to build their capacity to manage crop and livestock production, and also to acquire knowledge of nutrition and feeding, public health, and income innovations.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.005
J. Ikerd
First paragraph: When anticipating the future, many experts simply examine trends of the past and project them into the future—as if trends continue indefinitely. However, one of the most fundamental principles of science is that everything on earth tends to cycle—whether physically, ecologically, economically, or socially (Culotta, 1991; Pool, 1991). All trends eventually stall out and reverse direction. Some apparent aberrations or blips in trends turn out to be harbingers of impending reversals. Some see the reemergence of farmers markets and popularity of locally grown foods as a passing fad or a blip in a continuing trend toward the globalization of the food system. Others see the local food movement as a harbinger of fundamental change. . . .
第一段：在预测未来时，许多专家只是简单地研究过去的趋势，并将其推测到未来--好像趋势会无限期地持续下去。然而，科学最基本的原则之一是，地球上的一切事物都趋向于循环往复--无论是物理的、生态的、经济的还是社会的（Culotta, 1991; Pool, 1991）。所有趋势最终都会停滞并逆转方向。趋势中一些明显的反常现象或小插曲最终会成为即将发生逆转的先兆。有些人认为，农贸市场的重新兴起和本地种植食品的流行是一种过眼云烟，或者是食品系统全球化持续趋势中的一个小插曲。另一些人则认为本地食品运动预示着根本性的变革。. . .
{"title":"The Economic Pamphleteer: Local Food: Another Food Fad or Food of the Future?","authors":"J. Ikerd","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.005","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: \u0000When anticipating the future, many experts simply examine trends of the past and project them into the future—as if trends continue indefinitely. However, one of the most fundamental principles of science is that everything on earth tends to cycle—whether physically, ecologically, economically, or socially (Culotta, 1991; Pool, 1991). All trends eventually stall out and reverse direction. Some apparent aberrations or blips in trends turn out to be harbingers of impending reversals. Some see the reemergence of farmers markets and popularity of locally grown foods as a passing fad or a blip in a continuing trend toward the globalization of the food system. Others see the local food movement as a harbinger of fundamental change. . . .","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141221121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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