L. Y. Artyukh, Ksenia A. Gafiatulina, Marat R. Gafiatullin, M. Oppedizano, Maria O. Busorgina, A.A. Hakobyan, Anton Lupusharu, Roman A. Chernetsov, Vladimir S. Yargunin, Irina N. Sokolova, Irina I. Mogilev, Andrei G. Vasiliev
A long and long way of professional development has been done so that in 2023 we would congratulate Natalia Rafailovna Karelina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, member of the Board of the Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia on the 80th anniversary. For more than 21 years, she has been the head of the Department of Human Anatomy at St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University and inspires the younger generation to scientific achievements. The staff of the Department of Human Anatomy of St. Petersburg State Medical University, friends and colleagues, as well as numerous students cordially congratulate Natalia Rafailovna and wish her long life, good health, professional longevity and enthusiasm for the benefit of her beloved medical science and pedagogy
{"title":"55 years of devoted service to medicine, morphology and pedagogy (on the 80th anniversary of the birth of Professor N.R. Karelina)","authors":"L. Y. Artyukh, Ksenia A. Gafiatulina, Marat R. Gafiatullin, M. Oppedizano, Maria O. Busorgina, A.A. Hakobyan, Anton Lupusharu, Roman A. Chernetsov, Vladimir S. Yargunin, Irina N. Sokolova, Irina I. Mogilev, Andrei G. Vasiliev","doi":"10.17816/morph.631537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.631537","url":null,"abstract":"A long and long way of professional development has been done so that in 2023 we would congratulate Natalia Rafailovna Karelina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, member of the Board of the Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia on the 80th anniversary. For more than 21 years, she has been the head of the Department of Human Anatomy at St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University and inspires the younger generation to scientific achievements. The staff of the Department of Human Anatomy of St. Petersburg State Medical University, friends and colleagues, as well as numerous students cordially congratulate Natalia Rafailovna and wish her long life, good health, professional longevity and enthusiasm for the benefit of her beloved medical science and pedagogy","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"47 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Circadian rhythms (CR) of functions and processes in the body are normally strictly coordinated with each other and with environmental factors, which ensures the maintenance of the functioning of the organs and systems of the body at an optimal level. However, we have not found any studies devoted to the study of CR of hepatocyte organelles under experimental conditions. Aim of study Study of the daily dynamics of the cross-sectional area of hepatocyte mitochondria in rats under conditions of dark deprivation, chronic alcohol intoxication and the combined effect of these factors. Materials and methods The work was performed on 80 males and 80 females Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups of each sex. Group 1 was kept under a fixed light regime; The 2nd group was kept under conditions of dark deprivation; the 3rd group was kept in the same conditions as the animals of the control group, but were subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication; Group 4 was kept in conditions of dark deprivation and subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Liver samples, after fixation and wiring, were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Micromorphometric methods were used to assess the mitochondrial apparatus of hepatocytes. Results In hepatocytes of rats from experimental groups of both sexes, CR of the cross-sectional area of mitochondria with similar parameters was detected. Dark deprivation and chronic alcohol intoxication, acting both separately and together, cause a restructuring of the mitochondrial size distribution, which is more pronounced in males. Conclusion The study indicates that the CR of mitochondrial size is dependent on the lighting regime and the toxic effect of ethanol and its metabolites. The size ranges of mitochondria in hepatocytes of females, compared to males, are more resistant to the effects of dark deprivation and alcohol intoxication.
{"title":"Features of the circadian rhythm in the size of mitochondria of rat hepatocytes under conditions of dark deprivation and chronic alcohol intoxication","authors":"David A","doi":"10.17816/morph.630117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.630117","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Circadian rhythms (CR) of functions and processes in the body are normally strictly coordinated with each other and with environmental factors, which ensures the maintenance of the functioning of the organs and systems of the body at an optimal level. However, we have not found any studies devoted to the study of CR of hepatocyte organelles under experimental conditions. \u0000Aim of study \u0000Study of the daily dynamics of the cross-sectional area of hepatocyte mitochondria in rats under conditions of dark deprivation, chronic alcohol intoxication and the combined effect of these factors. \u0000Materials and methods \u0000The work was performed on 80 males and 80 females Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups of each sex. Group 1 was kept under a fixed light regime; The 2nd group was kept under conditions of dark deprivation; the 3rd group was kept in the same conditions as the animals of the control group, but were subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication; Group 4 was kept in conditions of dark deprivation and subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication. Liver samples, after fixation and wiring, were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Micromorphometric methods were used to assess the mitochondrial apparatus of hepatocytes. \u0000Results \u0000In hepatocytes of rats from experimental groups of both sexes, CR of the cross-sectional area of mitochondria with similar parameters was detected. Dark deprivation and chronic alcohol intoxication, acting both separately and together, cause a restructuring of the mitochondrial size distribution, which is more pronounced in males. \u0000Conclusion \u0000The study indicates that the CR of mitochondrial size is dependent on the lighting regime and the toxic effect of ethanol and its metabolites. The size ranges of mitochondria in hepatocytes of females, compared to males, are more resistant to the effects of dark deprivation and alcohol intoxication.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"16 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Presnyakov, Khurshed Kurbonov, I. Sorochanu, Nikita Zhemkov, Dzhamal Galbatsov, Pavel Podluzhny, Ivan Larionov, Viktor Bessonov, Aleksey Emelin, I. Bozo, Roman Deev
BACKGROUND: About a half a century ago, the concept of physiological regeneration of bone tissue was developed, which is based on the functioning of basic multicellular units (BMUs). Later it was shown that such an approach can also be used to understand the regularities of reparative regeneration. Bone grafting with the use of gene-activated synthetic replacement materials introduces additional features into the reparative process, consisting in the fact that the material itself becomes a direct participant in the process. Bone graft sequentially undergoes resorption, metabolism, becomes a matrix on the basis of which the basic multicellular units implement the process of regenerative osteogenesis. AIM: to reveal the work of BMUs in a human bone wound during implantation of a gene-activated osteoplastic material from octacalcium phosphate. The material was 16 biopsies obtained during two-stage dental implantation 6 months after bone grafting. METHODS: The results were obtained using microfocal computed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical studies, histomorphometry with statistical processing of the data obtained. RESULTS: According to the results of the study, both in the case of using an ordinary product and when using a gene-activated material based on octacalcium phosphate (OCP), the bone regenerate was represented by a multi-tissue structure formed by bone beams surrounding non-resorbed fragments of bone replacement products. In histomorphometric analysis of gene-activated material, the median area of unresorbed granules was 0,039 mm2 (Q1=0,013 mm2; Q3=0,079 mm2), and the median area of osteoclasts was 67 cells/mm2 (Q1=22 cells/mm2; Q3=235 cells/mm2). In the group using an ordinary product – 0,029 mm2 (Q1=0,009 mm2; Q3=0,068 mm2 and 15 cells/mm2 (Q1=0 cells/mm2; Q3=79 cells/mm2), respectively. CONCLUSION: It has been established that BMUs that are in various phases of functional activity - resorption, reversion, formation and rest can be detected at the gene-activated material-bone interface. The last phase appears only in those cases when the components of the material do not induce osteogenesis.
{"title":"Regenerative osteogenesis at the interface of tissue-osteoplastic material","authors":"E. Presnyakov, Khurshed Kurbonov, I. Sorochanu, Nikita Zhemkov, Dzhamal Galbatsov, Pavel Podluzhny, Ivan Larionov, Viktor Bessonov, Aleksey Emelin, I. Bozo, Roman Deev","doi":"10.17816/morph.629963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.629963","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: About a half a century ago, the concept of physiological regeneration of bone tissue was developed, which is based on the functioning of basic multicellular units (BMUs). Later it was shown that such an approach can also be used to understand the regularities of reparative regeneration. Bone grafting with the use of gene-activated synthetic replacement materials introduces additional features into the reparative process, consisting in the fact that the material itself becomes a direct participant in the process. Bone graft sequentially undergoes resorption, metabolism, becomes a matrix on the basis of which the basic multicellular units implement the process of regenerative osteogenesis. \u0000AIM: to reveal the work of BMUs in a human bone wound during implantation of a gene-activated osteoplastic material from octacalcium phosphate. The material was 16 biopsies obtained during two-stage dental implantation 6 months after bone grafting. \u0000METHODS: The results were obtained using microfocal computed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical studies, histomorphometry with statistical processing of the data obtained. \u0000RESULTS: According to the results of the study, both in the case of using an ordinary product and when using a gene-activated material based on octacalcium phosphate (OCP), the bone regenerate was represented by a multi-tissue structure formed by bone beams surrounding non-resorbed fragments of bone replacement products. In histomorphometric analysis of gene-activated material, the median area of unresorbed granules was 0,039 mm2 (Q1=0,013 mm2; Q3=0,079 mm2), and the median area of osteoclasts was 67 cells/mm2 (Q1=22 cells/mm2; Q3=235 cells/mm2). In the group using an ordinary product – 0,029 mm2 (Q1=0,009 mm2; Q3=0,068 mm2 and 15 cells/mm2 (Q1=0 cells/mm2; Q3=79 cells/mm2), respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: It has been established that BMUs that are in various phases of functional activity - resorption, reversion, formation and rest can be detected at the gene-activated material-bone interface. The last phase appears only in those cases when the components of the material do not induce osteogenesis.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIM: The purpose of this study was to study the distribution and localization of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) in cells of intact and injured rat sciatic nerve. METHODS: Damage to the sciatic nerves of Wistar rats of the experimental group (n=5) was carried out by nerve ligation for 40 s. Animals without damage of sciatic nerve were studied as a control group (n=5). Immunohistochemical detection of connexin-43 was performed on paraffin sections. RESULTS: It has been established that the protein is contained in the cells of the perineurium and epineurium of both the intact nerve and after the application of a ligature. In the area of the endoneurium, in the absence of nerve damage, Cx43 is detected only in the endotheliocytes of a few vessels. In the endoneurium of the injured nerve, a large number of large Cx43-immunopositive cells with processes were identified. CONCLUSION: It has been established that Cx43-containing cells are identified in the endoneurium of the sciatic nerve only after damage.
{"title":"CONNEXIN-43 IN CELLS OF INJURED RAT SCIATIC NERVE","authors":"E. Kolos","doi":"10.17816/morph.629037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.629037","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The purpose of this study was to study the distribution and localization of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) in cells of intact and injured rat sciatic nerve. \u0000METHODS: Damage to the sciatic nerves of Wistar rats of the experimental group (n=5) was carried out by nerve ligation for 40 s. Animals without damage of sciatic nerve were studied as a control group (n=5). Immunohistochemical detection of connexin-43 was performed on paraffin sections. \u0000RESULTS: It has been established that the protein is contained in the cells of the perineurium and epineurium of both the intact nerve and after the application of a ligature. In the area of the endoneurium, in the absence of nerve damage, Cx43 is detected only in the endotheliocytes of a few vessels. In the endoneurium of the injured nerve, a large number of large Cx43-immunopositive cells with processes were identified. \u0000CONCLUSION: It has been established that Cx43-containing cells are identified in the endoneurium of the sciatic nerve only after damage.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"158 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dmitriy Borisovich Nikityuk, I. V. Gaivoronskii, Alexey I. Gayvoronsky, Alexey A. Semenov, V. Chrishtop
BACKGROUND: Somatotyping has a long history and at the same time is widespread today in medicine, sports, and biomedical research, which necessitates the need to combat the inertia of scientific paradigms and methods . AIM: The goal is to identify the main trends and patterns in the development of modern somatotyping based on scientometrics of publication activity since 2013. METHODS: Based on RSCI data, a database was formed on the use of somatotyping for the period from 2013 to 2023. Key words of publications, frequency and scientific areas of application of somatotyping schemes were analyzed. RESULTS: Anthropometry techniques were most often used to identify predictors of adaptation failure or disease development. When searching for characteristics of samples that differ in influencing factors, body composition was more often used. An increase in studies using somatotyping according to Heath-Carter and Chernorutsky has been revealed. The share of studies performed using the methods of R.N. is decreasing. Dorokhov and V.G. Petrukhin and Taner, and the variety of somatotyping schemes used. In the study of adolescence, first adulthood and when somatotyping women, somatotyping according to R.N. was more often used. Dorokhov, in clinical studies - according to Z. Rees and H. Eisenck, in the study of athletes - according to Heath-Carter, in combined somatotyping - according to Bashkirov, Taner and Z. Rees and H. Eisenck. CONCLUSION: The main problem that anthropologists faced was the comparability of the results obtained using different somatotyping schemes.
背景：体型分析具有悠久的历史，如今在医学、体育和生物医学研究中广泛应用，因此有必要消除科学范式和方法的惯性。目的：根据 2013 年以来的科学计量学出版物活动，确定现代体型学发展的主要趋势和模式。方法：以 RSCI 数据为基础，建立 2013 年至 2023 年期间体型分析应用数据库。分析了体型分型方案的出版物关键词、应用频率和科学领域。结果：人体测量技术最常用于识别适应失败或疾病发展的预测因素。在寻找影响因素不同的样本特征时，身体成分更常用。根据希斯-卡特（Heath-Carter）和切尔诺鲁茨基（Chernorutsky）的观点，使用体型分型法进行的研究有所增加。使用 R.N. 方法进行的研究比例正在下降。多罗霍夫和 V.G. 佩特鲁欣和塔纳尔，以及所使用的各种体型分型方案。在研究青春期、成年初期和对妇女进行体型分析时，更多使用的是 R.N. 体型分析法。Dorokhov，在临床研究中--根据 Z. Rees 和 H. Eisenck，在运动员研究中--根据 Heath-Carter，在综合体型分析中--根据 Bashkirov、Taner 和 Z. Rees 和 H. Eisenck。结论：人类学家面临的主要问题是使用不同体型分型方案所获得结果的可比性。
{"title":"Development of somatotyping in Russia according to scientometric analysis from 2013 to 2023","authors":"Dmitriy Borisovich Nikityuk, I. V. Gaivoronskii, Alexey I. Gayvoronsky, Alexey A. Semenov, V. Chrishtop","doi":"10.17816/morph.626427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.626427","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Somatotyping has a long history and at the same time is widespread today in medicine, sports, and biomedical research, which necessitates the need to combat the inertia of scientific paradigms and methods . \u0000AIM: The goal is to identify the main trends and patterns in the development of modern somatotyping based on scientometrics of publication activity since 2013. \u0000METHODS: Based on RSCI data, a database was formed on the use of somatotyping for the period from 2013 to 2023. Key words of publications, frequency and scientific areas of application of somatotyping schemes were analyzed. \u0000RESULTS: Anthropometry techniques were most often used to identify predictors of adaptation failure or disease development. When searching for characteristics of samples that differ in influencing factors, body composition was more often used. An increase in studies using somatotyping according to Heath-Carter and Chernorutsky has been revealed. The share of studies performed using the methods of R.N. is decreasing. Dorokhov and V.G. Petrukhin and Taner, and the variety of somatotyping schemes used. In the study of adolescence, first adulthood and when somatotyping women, somatotyping according to R.N. was more often used. Dorokhov, in clinical studies - according to Z. Rees and H. Eisenck, in the study of athletes - according to Heath-Carter, in combined somatotyping - according to Bashkirov, Taner and Z. Rees and H. Eisenck. \u0000CONCLUSION: The main problem that anthropologists faced was the comparability of the results obtained using different somatotyping schemes.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"24 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The critical factor when working with immunohistochemistry in laboratory animals is to select appropriate secondary antibodies, that allow clear and specific visualization of tissue antigens. Many reliable secondary reagents are currently not available for purchase, which determines the high relevance of replacing them with other detection systems.AIM: To verify the effectiveness of available secondary reagents for immunohistochemical research of the rat brain.METHODS: Brain samples from Wistar and SHR rats (n=4) were used for the study. Iba-1, GFAP and vimentin immunohistochemistry was carried out using various polymer-based detection systems, namely UltraVision Quanto, N-Histofine Simple stain MAX PO ® and UnoVue Rabbit HRP.RESULTS: All three studied polymer systems demonstrated visualisation of target proteins in brain tissues and cells corresponding to the general understanding of structures containing Iba-1, GFAP and vimentin. The UnoVue Rabbit HRP and Quanto Detection System HRP kits showed good and similarly specific immunohistochemical reaction. However, the UnoVue Rabbit HRP kit was less sensitive compared to the Quanto Detection System HRP. The reaction with N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO was not optimal due to the presence of non-specific background staining that was not present with other reagents.CONCLUSION: Two secondary antibody kits from the three studied showed optimal efficiency of immunohistochemical reaction and minimal background staining. N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO is not suitable for immunohistochemical research of rat brain tissue.
背景：在实验室动物中使用免疫组化方法时，关键因素是选择适当的二抗，以便清晰、特异地观察组织抗原。目的：验证可用的二抗试剂在大鼠大脑免疫组化研究中的有效性。方法：研究使用 Wistar 和 SHR 大鼠（n=4）的大脑样本。结果：所研究的三种聚合物系统都能显现脑组织和细胞中的目标蛋白，这与人们对含有 Iba-1、GFAP 和波形蛋白的结构的普遍认识相符。UnoVue 兔 HRP 试剂盒和 Quanto Detection System HRP 试剂盒显示出良好且相似的特异性免疫组化反应。不过，与 Quanto Detection System HRP 相比，UnoVue 兔 HRP 试剂盒的灵敏度较低。N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO 的反应并不理想，因为存在其他试剂所没有的非特异性背景染色。N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO 不适合用于大鼠脑组织的免疫组化研究。
{"title":"Secondary reagents for immunohistochemical research of rat brain","authors":"Valeriia A. Razenkova, Valeria S. Pavlova","doi":"10.17816/morph.628591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.628591","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The critical factor when working with immunohistochemistry in laboratory animals is to select appropriate secondary antibodies, that allow clear and specific visualization of tissue antigens. Many reliable secondary reagents are currently not available for purchase, which determines the high relevance of replacing them with other detection systems.AIM: To verify the effectiveness of available secondary reagents for immunohistochemical research of the rat brain.METHODS: Brain samples from Wistar and SHR rats (n=4) were used for the study. Iba-1, GFAP and vimentin immunohistochemistry was carried out using various polymer-based detection systems, namely UltraVision Quanto, N-Histofine Simple stain MAX PO ® and UnoVue Rabbit HRP.RESULTS: All three studied polymer systems demonstrated visualisation of target proteins in brain tissues and cells corresponding to the general understanding of structures containing Iba-1, GFAP and vimentin. The UnoVue Rabbit HRP and Quanto Detection System HRP kits showed good and similarly specific immunohistochemical reaction. However, the UnoVue Rabbit HRP kit was less sensitive compared to the Quanto Detection System HRP. The reaction with N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO was not optimal due to the presence of non-specific background staining that was not present with other reagents.CONCLUSION: Two secondary antibody kits from the three studied showed optimal efficiency of immunohistochemical reaction and minimal background staining. N-Histofine® Simple Stain MAX PO is not suitable for immunohistochemical research of rat brain tissue.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mnikhovich, L. M. Erofeeva, Denis Alekseevich Borisov, R. G. Timofeev, Yulia Sergeevna Agafonova, T. V. Bezuglova, I. A. Shiripenko
Introduction. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are currently considered as a prognostic biomarker of cancer patient survival and response to therapy, as well as a target for immunotherapy. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are only part of the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular and cytokine components. The cellular component also includes tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and other cells. The cytokine component is represented by the products of the activity of all cells of the microenvironment, as well as tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to consider various subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, show their interaction with tumor cells and other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment, and also evaluate the possibilities of clinical use of this cell population as a biomarker using the example of breast cancer. Material and research methods. Materials for evaluating the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as one of the components of the tumor microenvironment for clinical practice were publications in domestic and foreign journals over the past 5-7 years. Results. This review examines various subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, shows their interaction with tumor cells and other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment, and also describes the potential for clinical use of this cell population as a biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and the possibility of their use to determine the most effective treatment for cbreast cancer. Conclusion. Obtaining new data on the previously poorly studied components of the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the formation of ideas about the mutual influence of tumor microenvironment cells and tumor cells open up the prospect of developing innovative models of therapy. One of the modern directions is the search for molecular mechanisms of maintaining the antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the polarization of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Advances in the field of molecular oncology will make it possible to reduce the mortality rate of cancer patients to minimal levels while maintaining or even improving their standard of living.
{"title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: opportunities to use their potential in clinical practice in breast cancer","authors":"M. Mnikhovich, L. M. Erofeeva, Denis Alekseevich Borisov, R. G. Timofeev, Yulia Sergeevna Agafonova, T. V. Bezuglova, I. A. Shiripenko","doi":"10.17816/morph.628871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.628871","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are currently considered as a prognostic biomarker of cancer patient survival and response to therapy, as well as a target for immunotherapy. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are only part of the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular and cytokine components. The cellular component also includes tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and other cells. The cytokine component is represented by the products of the activity of all cells of the microenvironment, as well as tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to consider various subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, show their interaction with tumor cells and other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment, and also evaluate the possibilities of clinical use of this cell population as a biomarker using the example of breast cancer. Material and research methods. Materials for evaluating the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as one of the components of the tumor microenvironment for clinical practice were publications in domestic and foreign journals over the past 5-7 years. Results. This review examines various subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, shows their interaction with tumor cells and other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment, and also describes the potential for clinical use of this cell population as a biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and the possibility of their use to determine the most effective treatment for cbreast cancer. Conclusion. Obtaining new data on the previously poorly studied components of the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the formation of ideas about the mutual influence of tumor microenvironment cells and tumor cells open up the prospect of developing innovative models of therapy. One of the modern directions is the search for molecular mechanisms of maintaining the antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the polarization of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Advances in the field of molecular oncology will make it possible to reduce the mortality rate of cancer patients to minimal levels while maintaining or even improving their standard of living.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The relevance of morphological studying of testicular biopsies in infertile men is explained by the small amount of information and research in this area, which is associated with limited indications for obtaining a lifetime biopsy in this disease. AIM: To evaluate morphological changes in the testicle in Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using staining of sections with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, a morphological assessment of convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS was performed using light microscopy in 9 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. RESULTS: Mature Sertoli cells were found in 48.2% of convoluted seminal tubules, Sertoli cells with signs of dystrophy were in 33.6% of seminal tubules, Sertoli cells with signs of apoptosis were found in 18.2% of seminal tubules. The average number of Sertoli cells in one convoluted seminal tubule was 15.4±6.1. The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubule was on average 33.8±9.6 microns. The thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule in SCOS was on average 0.63 ± 0.18 microns. The number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium was on average 8.5±0.3 per 1 mm2. The relationship between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of Sertoli cells was strong and inverse (r=-0.87). The relationship between the thickness of the membrane of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium was strong and direct (r=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: SCOS occurs in 47.3% of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. An increase in the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule contributes to a violation of the architectonics of the hematotesticular barrier. This study showed that mast cells have a direct effect on the wall thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, which demonstrates the possible pathological effect of these cells on the permeability of the hematotesticular barrier and impaired spermatogenesis.
{"title":"Morphological changes in the testicle in \"Sertoli cell only\" syndrome in men with non-obstructive azoospermia","authors":"N. Kulchenko","doi":"10.17816/morph.627351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.627351","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The relevance of morphological studying of testicular biopsies in infertile men is explained by the small amount of information and research in this area, which is associated with limited indications for obtaining a lifetime biopsy in this disease. \u0000AIM: To evaluate morphological changes in the testicle in Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using staining of sections with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, a morphological assessment of convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS was performed using light microscopy in 9 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. \u0000RESULTS: Mature Sertoli cells were found in 48.2% of convoluted seminal tubules, Sertoli cells with signs of dystrophy were in 33.6% of seminal tubules, Sertoli cells with signs of apoptosis were found in 18.2% of seminal tubules. The average number of Sertoli cells in one convoluted seminal tubule was 15.4±6.1. The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubule was on average 33.8±9.6 microns. The thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule in SCOS was on average 0.63 ± 0.18 microns. The number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium was on average 8.5±0.3 per 1 mm2. The relationship between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of Sertoli cells was strong and inverse (r=-0.87). The relationship between the thickness of the membrane of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium was strong and direct (r=0.83). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: SCOS occurs in 47.3% of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. An increase in the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule contributes to a violation of the architectonics of the hematotesticular barrier. This study showed that mast cells have a direct effect on the wall thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, which demonstrates the possible pathological effect of these cells on the permeability of the hematotesticular barrier and impaired spermatogenesis.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Melatonin (MT) is a hormone with a wide range of biological activities. The diversity of biological regulatory effects inherent in MT involves this hormone in the formation of adaptive reactions and in the pathogenesis of various diseases. А decrease оf MT secretion due to exposure to light at night is observed in a significant proportion of people. A number of previous studies have shown that melatonin deficiency, causes significant changes in the structure of the liver of laboratory animals. The state of ultrastructural features of hepatocytes, and in particular their mitochondria, under conditions of dark deprivation remains poorly understood. Aim of study To study the ultrastructural features of liver hepatocytes of male Wistar rats under conditions of 21-day dark deprivation. Materials and methods The study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was kept under a fixed light regime. Group 2 was kept under dark deprivation conditions. Liver samples, were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Micromorphometric methods were used to assess the mitochondrial apparatus of hepatocytes. Statistical processing of the results were performed in the GraphPad Prism v8.41 program (USA). Results In hepatocytes of rats of II group, dark deprivation causes a transformation in the shape of the nuclei, accompanied by swelling of the cytoplasm and the presence of a significant number of lipid-containing vacuoles. Mitochondria are characterized by pronounced hyperplasia, size polymorphism, high electron density, and disordered cristae orientation. In the cytoplasm, the phenomenon of shedding of ribosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum is observed. The number of glycogen granules is significantly reduced. The studied micromorphometric parameters of mitochondria are significantly reduced relative to the control. Conclusion The study suggests that melatonin deficiency, resulting from dark deprivation, leads to a number of significant ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, especially their mitochondrial apparatus.
{"title":"Influence of dark deprivation on the ultrastructure and mitochondrial apparatus of rat hepatocytes","authors":"D. Areshidze","doi":"10.17816/morph.628955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.628955","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Melatonin (MT) is a hormone with a wide range of biological activities. The diversity of biological regulatory effects inherent in MT involves this hormone in the formation of adaptive reactions and in the pathogenesis of various diseases. А decrease оf MT secretion due to exposure to light at night is observed in a significant proportion of people. A number of previous studies have shown that melatonin deficiency, causes significant changes in the structure of the liver of laboratory animals. The state of ultrastructural features of hepatocytes, and in particular their mitochondria, under conditions of dark deprivation remains poorly understood. \u0000Aim of study \u0000To study the ultrastructural features of liver hepatocytes of male Wistar rats under conditions of 21-day dark deprivation. \u0000Materials and methods \u0000The study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was kept under a fixed light regime. Group 2 was kept under dark deprivation conditions. Liver samples, were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Micromorphometric methods were used to assess the mitochondrial apparatus of hepatocytes. Statistical processing of the results were performed in the GraphPad Prism v8.41 program (USA). \u0000Results \u0000In hepatocytes of rats of II group, dark deprivation causes a transformation in the shape of the nuclei, accompanied by swelling of the cytoplasm and the presence of a significant number of lipid-containing vacuoles. Mitochondria are characterized by pronounced hyperplasia, size polymorphism, high electron density, and disordered cristae orientation. In the cytoplasm, the phenomenon of shedding of ribosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum is observed. The number of glycogen granules is significantly reduced. The studied micromorphometric parameters of mitochondria are significantly reduced relative to the control. \u0000Conclusion \u0000The study suggests that melatonin deficiency, resulting from dark deprivation, leads to a number of significant ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, especially their mitochondrial apparatus.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeriy G Sergeyev, Elena S Alalykina, Tatyana N Sergeyeva, Michail А Ananyan, Victor M Chuchkov
Background. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the water-soluble form of dihydroquercetin (DHA-VF) on neurogliovascular units, age-related disturbances of intrasystem connections that may underlie neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, remain unclear.The aim: to study structural changes of microcirculatory vessels and functional responses of micro- and astroglial cells in the substantia nigra of young and old rats in response to intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequent oral administration of DHA-VF.Methods. Young (250-320 g) and old (390-450 g) Wistar rats were injected with 2 μL LPS solution at a concentration of 0.01 μL/mL (experimental group; n=24) or 2 μL sterile physiological solution (control group; n=12) into the substantia nigra area of the brain using a stereotaxic device. Half of the animals in the experimental groups (6 animals of each age group) were given 2 ml of a solution containing DHA-VF at a concentration of 3 mg/mL daily by gavage with a probe. After 8 weeks, the animals were decapitated and cryostat sections were obtained for histochemical (FITC-labeled tomato lectin) and immunohistochemical (antibodies against GFAP and CD-11β) staining of vascular endothelium and glial cells, respectively. Results. 8 weeks after LPS administration to old rats in the CS, a significant excess of areas occupied by cell bodies and processes of microglial and astroglial cells as well as the number of vessels at standard sites was found compared to both young animals exposed to similar exposure and old control animals. Oral administration of DHA-VF to rats significantly reduced LPS-induced glial activation in young and old animals. In addition, administration of DHA-VF to old animals reduced the intensity of LPS-induced microvascular remodeling of the CS. Conclusions. LPS administration in the rat CS induces neuroinflammation and vascular angiogenesis, which are maximally expressed in old animals. Administration of DHA-VF for 8 weeks significantly reduced these LPS-induced changes.
{"title":"Effect of a water-soluble form of dihydroquercetin on age-dependent LPS-induced gliovascular remodeling of the substantia nigra in rats","authors":"Valeriy G Sergeyev, Elena S Alalykina, Tatyana N Sergeyeva, Michail А Ananyan, Victor M Chuchkov","doi":"10.17816/morph.626214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.626214","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the water-soluble form of dihydroquercetin (DHA-VF) on neurogliovascular units, age-related disturbances of intrasystem connections that may underlie neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, remain unclear.The aim: to study structural changes of microcirculatory vessels and functional responses of micro- and astroglial cells in the substantia nigra of young and old rats in response to intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequent oral administration of DHA-VF.Methods. Young (250-320 g) and old (390-450 g) Wistar rats were injected with 2 μL LPS solution at a concentration of 0.01 μL/mL (experimental group; n=24) or 2 μL sterile physiological solution (control group; n=12) into the substantia nigra area of the brain using a stereotaxic device. Half of the animals in the experimental groups (6 animals of each age group) were given 2 ml of a solution containing DHA-VF at a concentration of 3 mg/mL daily by gavage with a probe. After 8 weeks, the animals were decapitated and cryostat sections were obtained for histochemical (FITC-labeled tomato lectin) and immunohistochemical (antibodies against GFAP and CD-11β) staining of vascular endothelium and glial cells, respectively. Results. 8 weeks after LPS administration to old rats in the CS, a significant excess of areas occupied by cell bodies and processes of microglial and astroglial cells as well as the number of vessels at standard sites was found compared to both young animals exposed to similar exposure and old control animals. Oral administration of DHA-VF to rats significantly reduced LPS-induced glial activation in young and old animals. In addition, administration of DHA-VF to old animals reduced the intensity of LPS-induced microvascular remodeling of the CS. Conclusions. LPS administration in the rat CS induces neuroinflammation and vascular angiogenesis, which are maximally expressed in old animals. Administration of DHA-VF for 8 weeks significantly reduced these LPS-induced changes.","PeriodicalId":506132,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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