Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad045
Henry T Armistead
{"title":"Dawn Songs: A Birdwatcher’s Field Guide to the Poetics of Migration","authors":"Henry T Armistead","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad054
Sue M Hayes, Brendan P Boyd, Alexandra M Israel, Bridget J M Stutchbury
Abstract Determining the drivers and mechanisms for first year survival of migratory songbirds has been an understudied area in population dynamics due to the difficulty in tracking juveniles once they have dispersed from the natal site. With the advancement in miniaturization of radio-tags (battery life ~400 days) and the development of the Motus Wildlife Tracking System, we tracked 189 Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nestlings through independence and to fall migration departure, and their return the following spring. Natal forest fragment size and landscape forest cover (at different spatial scales) were not strong predictors of fledgling, pre-migration, or apparent annual survival; and onset of fall migration was best predicted by fledge date but not natal fragment size. Survival probability was lowest the first 16 days post-fledging (70%, or 0.86 weekly survival probability), very high for juveniles as they explored the landscape prior to fall migration (89%, or 0.99 weekly survival probability) and low during their first migration and wintering season (26%, or 0.95 weekly survival probability). To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly estimate annual apparent juvenile survival in a migratory songbird using year-round radio-tracking. Our study suggests that small forest fragments are important for the conservation for forest songbirds because they can support high survival of juveniles.
{"title":"Natal forest fragment size does not predict fledgling, pre-migration or apparent annual survival in Wood Thrushes","authors":"Sue M Hayes, Brendan P Boyd, Alexandra M Israel, Bridget J M Stutchbury","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determining the drivers and mechanisms for first year survival of migratory songbirds has been an understudied area in population dynamics due to the difficulty in tracking juveniles once they have dispersed from the natal site. With the advancement in miniaturization of radio-tags (battery life ~400 days) and the development of the Motus Wildlife Tracking System, we tracked 189 Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) nestlings through independence and to fall migration departure, and their return the following spring. Natal forest fragment size and landscape forest cover (at different spatial scales) were not strong predictors of fledgling, pre-migration, or apparent annual survival; and onset of fall migration was best predicted by fledge date but not natal fragment size. Survival probability was lowest the first 16 days post-fledging (70%, or 0.86 weekly survival probability), very high for juveniles as they explored the landscape prior to fall migration (89%, or 0.99 weekly survival probability) and low during their first migration and wintering season (26%, or 0.95 weekly survival probability). To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly estimate annual apparent juvenile survival in a migratory songbird using year-round radio-tracking. Our study suggests that small forest fragments are important for the conservation for forest songbirds because they can support high survival of juveniles.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad051
Catherine Lindell
Journal Article Corrected proof Thank you to the reviewers of the 2023 Ornithological Applications, volume 125 Get access Catherine Lindell Catherine Lindell Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA clindell@americanornithology.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ornithological Applications, duad051, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad051 Published: 12 October 2023 Article history Corrected and typeset: 12 October 2023 Published: 12 October 2023
{"title":"Thank you to the reviewers of the 2023 <i>Ornithological Applications</i>, volume 125","authors":"Catherine Lindell","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad051","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Corrected proof Thank you to the reviewers of the 2023 Ornithological Applications, volume 125 Get access Catherine Lindell Catherine Lindell Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA clindell@americanornithology.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ornithological Applications, duad051, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad051 Published: 12 October 2023 Article history Corrected and typeset: 12 October 2023 Published: 12 October 2023","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad047
Michelle L Stantial, Jonathan B Cohen, Abigail J Darrah, Brooke Maslo
Abstract Diagnosing unsuccessful population outcomes for endangered species requires understanding relationships among vital rates, ecological conditions, and management variables, including unintended consequences of management actions. The federally threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) has remained below recovery goals, despite intensive management, including the use of nest exclosures to protect eggs from predation. We studied ecological factors and management actions affecting nest success, survival, site fidelity, and dispersal of the New Jersey, USA population of Piping Plovers over a 7-yr period, focused on evaluating the impact of exclosures on demography. While exclosures increased nest success by 62% over a 34-day period, exclosed nests were 4.7 times more likely to be abandoned, which was likely a consequence of adult mortality. Abandoned nests were associated with lower adult survival, particularly for males, but there was evidence that site fidelity was greater for birds whose last nest was exclosed vs. unexclosed. Regardless of exclosure status, females who abandoned their first nesting attempt dispersed 10 times farther between attempts than those whose first nest attempts were lost to other causes. Moreover, females that abandoned their last nesting attempts dispersed farther than females that lost their last nest to predation or flooding. This difference was more substantial for males. Our results corroborate studies documenting adverse impacts of exclosures on survival, and, for the first time, demonstrate that surviving mates (particularly females) emigrate from the breeding site, resulting in a realized loss of a local breeding pair. Further, we used an online population project model (i.e., PiperEx) to demonstrate that exclosures are not expected to improve growth rates in New Jersey. We conclude that there is a trade-off among increased nest survival, reduced adult survival and increased emigration rates, and we encourage managers to consider whether exclosures are worth the protection of eggs from predators using online decision support tools.
{"title":"Predator exclosures increase nest success but reduce adult survival and increase dispersal distance of Piping Plovers, indicating exclosures should be used with caution","authors":"Michelle L Stantial, Jonathan B Cohen, Abigail J Darrah, Brooke Maslo","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diagnosing unsuccessful population outcomes for endangered species requires understanding relationships among vital rates, ecological conditions, and management variables, including unintended consequences of management actions. The federally threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) has remained below recovery goals, despite intensive management, including the use of nest exclosures to protect eggs from predation. We studied ecological factors and management actions affecting nest success, survival, site fidelity, and dispersal of the New Jersey, USA population of Piping Plovers over a 7-yr period, focused on evaluating the impact of exclosures on demography. While exclosures increased nest success by 62% over a 34-day period, exclosed nests were 4.7 times more likely to be abandoned, which was likely a consequence of adult mortality. Abandoned nests were associated with lower adult survival, particularly for males, but there was evidence that site fidelity was greater for birds whose last nest was exclosed vs. unexclosed. Regardless of exclosure status, females who abandoned their first nesting attempt dispersed 10 times farther between attempts than those whose first nest attempts were lost to other causes. Moreover, females that abandoned their last nesting attempts dispersed farther than females that lost their last nest to predation or flooding. This difference was more substantial for males. Our results corroborate studies documenting adverse impacts of exclosures on survival, and, for the first time, demonstrate that surviving mates (particularly females) emigrate from the breeding site, resulting in a realized loss of a local breeding pair. Further, we used an online population project model (i.e., PiperEx) to demonstrate that exclosures are not expected to improve growth rates in New Jersey. We conclude that there is a trade-off among increased nest survival, reduced adult survival and increased emigration rates, and we encourage managers to consider whether exclosures are worth the protection of eggs from predators using online decision support tools.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135936488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad041
Amelia R Cox, Barbara Frei, Sarah E Gutowsky, Frank B Baldwin, Kristin Bianchini, Christian Roy
Abstract Worldwide, migratory phenology and movement of many bird species is shifting in response to anthropogenic climate and habitat changes. However, due to variation among species and a shortage of analyses, changes in waterfowl migration, particularly in the fall, are not well understood. Fall migration phenology and movement patterns dictate waterfowl hunting success and satisfaction, with cascading implications on economies and support for habitat management and securement. Using 60 years of band recovery data for waterfowl banded in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), we evaluated whether fall migration timing and/or distribution changed in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), and Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) between 1960 and 2019. We found that in the Midcontinent Flyways, Mallards and Blue-winged Teal migrated faster in more recent time periods, whereas Northern Pintail began fall migration earlier. In the Pacific Flyway, Mallards began fall migration earlier. Both Mallards and Northern Pintails showed evidence of short-stopping in the Midcontinent Flyways. Indeed, the Mallard and Northern Pintail distribution of band recovery data shifted 180 and 226 km north, respectively, from 1960 to 2019. Conversely, Blue-winged Teal recovery distributions were consistent across years. Mallards and Northern Pintails also exhibited an increased proportion of band recoveries in the Pacific Flyway in recent decades. We provide clear evidence that the timing and routes of fall migration have shifted over the past 6 decades, but these phenological and spatial shifts differ among species. We suggest that using community-science data collected by hunters themselves to explain one of the group’s major concerns (changes in duck abundance at traditional hunting grounds), within the environmental lens of climate change, may help lead to further engagement and two-way dialogue to support effective waterfowl management for these culturally and ecologically important species.
{"title":"Sixty-years of community-science data suggest earlier fall migration and short-stopping of waterfowl in North America","authors":"Amelia R Cox, Barbara Frei, Sarah E Gutowsky, Frank B Baldwin, Kristin Bianchini, Christian Roy","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Worldwide, migratory phenology and movement of many bird species is shifting in response to anthropogenic climate and habitat changes. However, due to variation among species and a shortage of analyses, changes in waterfowl migration, particularly in the fall, are not well understood. Fall migration phenology and movement patterns dictate waterfowl hunting success and satisfaction, with cascading implications on economies and support for habitat management and securement. Using 60 years of band recovery data for waterfowl banded in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), we evaluated whether fall migration timing and/or distribution changed in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), and Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) between 1960 and 2019. We found that in the Midcontinent Flyways, Mallards and Blue-winged Teal migrated faster in more recent time periods, whereas Northern Pintail began fall migration earlier. In the Pacific Flyway, Mallards began fall migration earlier. Both Mallards and Northern Pintails showed evidence of short-stopping in the Midcontinent Flyways. Indeed, the Mallard and Northern Pintail distribution of band recovery data shifted 180 and 226 km north, respectively, from 1960 to 2019. Conversely, Blue-winged Teal recovery distributions were consistent across years. Mallards and Northern Pintails also exhibited an increased proportion of band recoveries in the Pacific Flyway in recent decades. We provide clear evidence that the timing and routes of fall migration have shifted over the past 6 decades, but these phenological and spatial shifts differ among species. We suggest that using community-science data collected by hunters themselves to explain one of the group’s major concerns (changes in duck abundance at traditional hunting grounds), within the environmental lens of climate change, may help lead to further engagement and two-way dialogue to support effective waterfowl management for these culturally and ecologically important species.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thank you to the reviewers of the 2020 Condor, volume 122","authors":"C. Lindell","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Albert, Jared D. Wolfe, Jherime Kellerman, T. Sherry, B. Stutchbury, Nicholas J. Bayly, A. Ruiz-Sánchez
ABSTRACT Of the approximately 716 bird species that breed in North America, 386 (54%) are considered Nearctic–Neotropical migrants by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the past 50 yr, scores of these migratory species, including some once considered common, have declined dramatically. Nearctic–Neotropical migrants normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the identification, availability, and management of Neotropical habitats critical issues for their conservation. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available, though many studies point to Neotropical overwintering habitats as being a strong driver of population change. Particularly important for long-distance Nearctic–Neotropical migrants is an understanding of how “carry-over effects” arise and influence population trends when conditions on wintering grounds and tropical stopover areas affect subsequent reproductive performance on breeding grounds. For example, why some species show strong carry-over effects from tropical habitats while others do not is not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations. In this review, we explore threats facing North American breeding birds that migrate to the Neotropics, summarize knowledge of habitat selection and use on the wintering grounds, describe how conditions at one point in the annual cycle may manifest in subsequent seasons or life history stages, and discuss conservation concerns such as climate change and the potential for phenological mismatch. LAY SUMMARY More than half of the bird species that breed in North America, representing billions of birds, migrate to the Neotropics. In the past 50 years, scores of these species have declined dramatically. Migratory birds normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the conservation of these species an international challenge. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available. Accelerating climate change is adding to the urgency of our gaining an understanding of the full annual and migratory cycle of these birds. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations.
{"title":"Habitat ecology of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory landbirds on the nonbreeding grounds","authors":"S. Albert, Jared D. Wolfe, Jherime Kellerman, T. Sherry, B. Stutchbury, Nicholas J. Bayly, A. Ruiz-Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Of the approximately 716 bird species that breed in North America, 386 (54%) are considered Nearctic–Neotropical migrants by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the past 50 yr, scores of these migratory species, including some once considered common, have declined dramatically. Nearctic–Neotropical migrants normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the identification, availability, and management of Neotropical habitats critical issues for their conservation. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available, though many studies point to Neotropical overwintering habitats as being a strong driver of population change. Particularly important for long-distance Nearctic–Neotropical migrants is an understanding of how “carry-over effects” arise and influence population trends when conditions on wintering grounds and tropical stopover areas affect subsequent reproductive performance on breeding grounds. For example, why some species show strong carry-over effects from tropical habitats while others do not is not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations. In this review, we explore threats facing North American breeding birds that migrate to the Neotropics, summarize knowledge of habitat selection and use on the wintering grounds, describe how conditions at one point in the annual cycle may manifest in subsequent seasons or life history stages, and discuss conservation concerns such as climate change and the potential for phenological mismatch. LAY SUMMARY More than half of the bird species that breed in North America, representing billions of birds, migrate to the Neotropics. In the past 50 years, scores of these species have declined dramatically. Migratory birds normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the conservation of these species an international challenge. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available. Accelerating climate change is adding to the urgency of our gaining an understanding of the full annual and migratory cycle of these birds. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The editorial board of The Condor: Ornithological Applications invites authors to consider the journal for their conservation social science papers that focus on birds. The journal, soon to be renamed Ornithological Applications, publishes articles that advance the conservation and management of birds. Few articles to date have been in the realm of conservation social science, a field that uses the theories and methods of the social sciences to improve conservation outcomes. As Dayer et al. (2020) argue in this issue of the journal, conservation efforts must consider and integrate human values, perceptions, activities, and organizational structures in order to be effective. We encourage authors to submit studies that address human attitudes and behavior toward birds, the economics of recreational activities related to birds, traditional ecological knowledge, and social and economic facets of bird activity in unmanaged and managed ecosystems such as agriculture. Studies should inform real-world issues. For example, how should we integrate knowledge of indigenous subsistence use of birds into conservation policy and practice (Naves et al. 2019)? How can we reduce barriers to farmers of employing bird-friendly pest management techniques (Bardenhagen et al. 2020)? Studies that investigate whether and how particular strategies and/or policies aid in bird conservation and management are of particular interest. For example, Salazar et al. (2019) evaluated the likely causes of a large population increase in the threatened Yellowshouldered Amazon Parrot (Amazona barbadensis) on the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean. The investigators used surveys of stakeholders and an analytical framework including General Elimination Methodology and Theory of Change techniques. They determined that the significant increase in the parrot population from 1998 to 2018 could be attributed to a social marketing campaign, environmental education in schools, and enforcement of laws related to illegal possession of the parrots, thus illustrating the value of a multi-pronged approach to parrot conservation (Salazar et al. 2019). The social science papers we seek should provide links between mechanisms of bird declines and conservation outcomes. For example, among other threats, birds suffer from collisions with buildings (Riding et al. 2019), domestic cats (Loss et al. 2013), and light pollution (Ferraro et al. 2020). Social science studies that inform efforts to address these issues are critical. Which strategies will be effective in working with local governing bodies, architects, and the general public to adapt building designs, keep pet cats indoors, and modify the schedule of lighting in cities, to reduce impacts on birds? Ornithological Applications will continue to publish high-quality research about bird biology, methodological and analytical techniques, threats to birds, and the roles of birds in ecosystems. I urge AOS members, particularly those of us with traditional
《秃鹰:鸟类学应用》的编辑委员会邀请作者考虑他们以鸟类为重点的保护社会科学论文。该杂志不久将更名为《鸟类学应用》(Ornithological Applications)，发表一些促进鸟类保护和管理的文章。迄今为止，在保护社会科学领域的文章很少，这是一个使用社会科学的理论和方法来改善保护结果的领域。正如Dayer等人(2020)在本期杂志中所指出的那样，保护工作必须考虑并整合人类的价值观、观念、活动和组织结构，才能发挥作用。我们鼓励作者提交关于人类对鸟类的态度和行为、与鸟类有关的娱乐活动的经济学、传统生态知识以及在非管理和管理的生态系统(如农业)中鸟类活动的社会和经济方面的研究。研究应该反映现实世界的问题。例如，我们应如何将有关土著鸟类生存利用的知识纳入保护政策和实践(Naves等人，2019)?我们如何减少农民采用对鸟类友好的有害生物管理技术的障碍(Bardenhagen et al. 2020)?调查特定策略和/或政策是否以及如何有助于鸟类保护和管理的研究特别有趣。例如，Salazar等人(2019)评估了加勒比博内尔岛上受威胁的黄肩亚马逊鹦鹉(Amazona barbadensis)数量大量增加的可能原因。调查人员使用了利益相关者的调查和分析框架，包括一般消除方法和变革理论技术。他们确定，从1998年到2018年，鹦鹉数量的显着增加可归因于社会营销活动、学校环境教育以及与非法拥有鹦鹉有关的法律的执行，从而说明了多管齐下的鹦鹉保护方法的价值(Salazar等人，2019)。我们寻找的社会科学论文应该提供鸟类数量减少的机制和保护结果之间的联系。例如，在其他威胁中，鸟类遭受的威胁包括与建筑物的碰撞(Riding et al. 2019)、家猫(Loss et al. 2013)和光污染(Ferraro et al. 2020)。为解决这些问题提供信息的社会科学研究至关重要。在与地方管理机构、建筑师和公众合作，调整建筑设计、让宠物猫呆在室内、修改城市照明时间表，以减少对鸟类的影响方面，哪些策略是有效的?《鸟类学应用》将继续发表关于鸟类生物学、方法和分析技术、鸟类威胁以及鸟类在生态系统中的作用的高质量研究。我敦促美国自然科学学会的成员，特别是我们这些具有传统自然科学背景的成员，拥抱我们的社会科学同事，并利用这个机会对保护社会科学工作中使用的理论、方法和假设有更多的了解。将我们的保护伞扩大到包括社会科学，只会改善我们的努力，扭转目前鸟类数量下降的趋势，使世界成为一个更适合鸟类生物多样性的地方。
{"title":"Conservation social science in Ornithological Applications","authors":"C. Lindell","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa056","url":null,"abstract":"The editorial board of The Condor: Ornithological Applications invites authors to consider the journal for their conservation social science papers that focus on birds. The journal, soon to be renamed Ornithological Applications, publishes articles that advance the conservation and management of birds. Few articles to date have been in the realm of conservation social science, a field that uses the theories and methods of the social sciences to improve conservation outcomes. As Dayer et al. (2020) argue in this issue of the journal, conservation efforts must consider and integrate human values, perceptions, activities, and organizational structures in order to be effective. We encourage authors to submit studies that address human attitudes and behavior toward birds, the economics of recreational activities related to birds, traditional ecological knowledge, and social and economic facets of bird activity in unmanaged and managed ecosystems such as agriculture. Studies should inform real-world issues. For example, how should we integrate knowledge of indigenous subsistence use of birds into conservation policy and practice (Naves et al. 2019)? How can we reduce barriers to farmers of employing bird-friendly pest management techniques (Bardenhagen et al. 2020)? Studies that investigate whether and how particular strategies and/or policies aid in bird conservation and management are of particular interest. For example, Salazar et al. (2019) evaluated the likely causes of a large population increase in the threatened Yellowshouldered Amazon Parrot (Amazona barbadensis) on the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean. The investigators used surveys of stakeholders and an analytical framework including General Elimination Methodology and Theory of Change techniques. They determined that the significant increase in the parrot population from 1998 to 2018 could be attributed to a social marketing campaign, environmental education in schools, and enforcement of laws related to illegal possession of the parrots, thus illustrating the value of a multi-pronged approach to parrot conservation (Salazar et al. 2019). The social science papers we seek should provide links between mechanisms of bird declines and conservation outcomes. For example, among other threats, birds suffer from collisions with buildings (Riding et al. 2019), domestic cats (Loss et al. 2013), and light pollution (Ferraro et al. 2020). Social science studies that inform efforts to address these issues are critical. Which strategies will be effective in working with local governing bodies, architects, and the general public to adapt building designs, keep pet cats indoors, and modify the schedule of lighting in cities, to reduce impacts on birds? Ornithological Applications will continue to publish high-quality research about bird biology, methodological and analytical techniques, threats to birds, and the roles of birds in ecosystems. I urge AOS members, particularly those of us with traditional","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dayer, J. Barnes, A. Dietsch, Jacqueline M. Keating, Liliana C. Naves
ABSTRACT Conservation efforts are shaped by individual and collective human behaviors, cultural norms and values, economic pressures, and political and organizational structures. As such, the conservation social sciences—disciplines that draw on social science theories and approaches to improve conservation efforts—can play a vital role in advancing the science and practice of bird conservation. We connect the rich, ongoing discussion about the vital role of the conservation social sciences to the specific context of bird conservation and make an argument for the importance of proactive inclusion of these sciences in ornithological societies. First, we introduce the conservation social sciences and illustrate how they can improve the design and implementation of conservation programs and policies for birds. Drawing on discussions from a symposium we organized at the 2019 American Ornithological Society (AOS) annual meeting, we encourage the AOS to make institutional changes that could further support the inclusion of conservation social sciences. These changes ideally would include a working group, conference plenaries and themes, and high-quality social science publications, along with support and encouragement for ornithologists and bird conservationists to partake in trainings and collaborate with social scientists. Strategies for how to do so effectively can be adapted from other conservation societies that have paved the way for disciplinary inclusivity. LAY SUMMARY The conservation social sciences investigate how people think and act in relation to biodiversity, including birds and the habitats that support them. Application of conservation social science findings can improve the effectiveness of bird conservation. he American Ornithological Society and its members can take specific steps to facilitate integration of the conservation social sciences with ornithology.
{"title":"Advancing scientific knowledge and conservation of birds through inclusion of conservation social sciences in the American Ornithological Society","authors":"A. Dayer, J. Barnes, A. Dietsch, Jacqueline M. Keating, Liliana C. Naves","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conservation efforts are shaped by individual and collective human behaviors, cultural norms and values, economic pressures, and political and organizational structures. As such, the conservation social sciences—disciplines that draw on social science theories and approaches to improve conservation efforts—can play a vital role in advancing the science and practice of bird conservation. We connect the rich, ongoing discussion about the vital role of the conservation social sciences to the specific context of bird conservation and make an argument for the importance of proactive inclusion of these sciences in ornithological societies. First, we introduce the conservation social sciences and illustrate how they can improve the design and implementation of conservation programs and policies for birds. Drawing on discussions from a symposium we organized at the 2019 American Ornithological Society (AOS) annual meeting, we encourage the AOS to make institutional changes that could further support the inclusion of conservation social sciences. These changes ideally would include a working group, conference plenaries and themes, and high-quality social science publications, along with support and encouragement for ornithologists and bird conservationists to partake in trainings and collaborate with social scientists. Strategies for how to do so effectively can be adapted from other conservation societies that have paved the way for disciplinary inclusivity. LAY SUMMARY The conservation social sciences investigate how people think and act in relation to biodiversity, including birds and the habitats that support them. Application of conservation social science findings can improve the effectiveness of bird conservation. he American Ornithological Society and its members can take specific steps to facilitate integration of the conservation social sciences with ornithology.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators. LAY SUMMARY Birds that nest on public sandy beaches benefit from protective fencing and educational signs, but additional benefits may occur if volunteer stewards are stationed at the protected area. I assessed whether the presence of stewards benefited nesting Least Terns by reducing human disturbance and increasing reproductive success at breeding colonies. Audubon Mississippi staff monitored Least Tern colonies in coastal Mississippi from 2017 to 2019 while seasonal stewards observed the extent of disturbance at each colony. Colonies with greater disturbance rates were less productive, and stewardship efforts benefited colonies by increasing nest hatch probability. Posting stewards at breeding colonies is an effective management strategy for conserving Least Terns, although additional management actions are likely needed to increase chick survival.
{"title":"Mixed evidence for effects of stewardship on Least Tern reproductive success in coastal Mississippi","authors":"A. Darrah","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators. LAY SUMMARY Birds that nest on public sandy beaches benefit from protective fencing and educational signs, but additional benefits may occur if volunteer stewards are stationed at the protected area. I assessed whether the presence of stewards benefited nesting Least Terns by reducing human disturbance and increasing reproductive success at breeding colonies. Audubon Mississippi staff monitored Least Tern colonies in coastal Mississippi from 2017 to 2019 while seasonal stewards observed the extent of disturbance at each colony. Colonies with greater disturbance rates were less productive, and stewardship efforts benefited colonies by increasing nest hatch probability. Posting stewards at breeding colonies is an effective management strategy for conserving Least Terns, although additional management actions are likely needed to increase chick survival.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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