S. Albert, Jared D. Wolfe, Jherime Kellerman, T. Sherry, B. Stutchbury, Nicholas J. Bayly, A. Ruiz-Sánchez
ABSTRACT Of the approximately 716 bird species that breed in North America, 386 (54%) are considered Nearctic–Neotropical migrants by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the past 50 yr, scores of these migratory species, including some once considered common, have declined dramatically. Nearctic–Neotropical migrants normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the identification, availability, and management of Neotropical habitats critical issues for their conservation. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available, though many studies point to Neotropical overwintering habitats as being a strong driver of population change. Particularly important for long-distance Nearctic–Neotropical migrants is an understanding of how “carry-over effects” arise and influence population trends when conditions on wintering grounds and tropical stopover areas affect subsequent reproductive performance on breeding grounds. For example, why some species show strong carry-over effects from tropical habitats while others do not is not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations. In this review, we explore threats facing North American breeding birds that migrate to the Neotropics, summarize knowledge of habitat selection and use on the wintering grounds, describe how conditions at one point in the annual cycle may manifest in subsequent seasons or life history stages, and discuss conservation concerns such as climate change and the potential for phenological mismatch. LAY SUMMARY More than half of the bird species that breed in North America, representing billions of birds, migrate to the Neotropics. In the past 50 years, scores of these species have declined dramatically. Migratory birds normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the conservation of these species an international challenge. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available. Accelerating climate change is adding to the urgency of our gaining an understanding of the full annual and migratory cycle of these birds. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations.
{"title":"Habitat ecology of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory landbirds on the nonbreeding grounds","authors":"S. Albert, Jared D. Wolfe, Jherime Kellerman, T. Sherry, B. Stutchbury, Nicholas J. Bayly, A. Ruiz-Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Of the approximately 716 bird species that breed in North America, 386 (54%) are considered Nearctic–Neotropical migrants by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the past 50 yr, scores of these migratory species, including some once considered common, have declined dramatically. Nearctic–Neotropical migrants normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the identification, availability, and management of Neotropical habitats critical issues for their conservation. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available, though many studies point to Neotropical overwintering habitats as being a strong driver of population change. Particularly important for long-distance Nearctic–Neotropical migrants is an understanding of how “carry-over effects” arise and influence population trends when conditions on wintering grounds and tropical stopover areas affect subsequent reproductive performance on breeding grounds. For example, why some species show strong carry-over effects from tropical habitats while others do not is not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations. In this review, we explore threats facing North American breeding birds that migrate to the Neotropics, summarize knowledge of habitat selection and use on the wintering grounds, describe how conditions at one point in the annual cycle may manifest in subsequent seasons or life history stages, and discuss conservation concerns such as climate change and the potential for phenological mismatch. LAY SUMMARY More than half of the bird species that breed in North America, representing billions of birds, migrate to the Neotropics. In the past 50 years, scores of these species have declined dramatically. Migratory birds normally spend 6–8 months in tropical habitats, making the conservation of these species an international challenge. Yet, for most species, complete and nuanced information about their use of tropical habitats and the relative effects of breeding vs. wintering conditions on survival, productivity, and population trends is not available. Accelerating climate change is adding to the urgency of our gaining an understanding of the full annual and migratory cycle of these birds. In recent years, many studies have offered insights into these issues by taking advantage of new scientific methods and technological innovations.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The editorial board of The Condor: Ornithological Applications invites authors to consider the journal for their conservation social science papers that focus on birds. The journal, soon to be renamed Ornithological Applications, publishes articles that advance the conservation and management of birds. Few articles to date have been in the realm of conservation social science, a field that uses the theories and methods of the social sciences to improve conservation outcomes. As Dayer et al. (2020) argue in this issue of the journal, conservation efforts must consider and integrate human values, perceptions, activities, and organizational structures in order to be effective. We encourage authors to submit studies that address human attitudes and behavior toward birds, the economics of recreational activities related to birds, traditional ecological knowledge, and social and economic facets of bird activity in unmanaged and managed ecosystems such as agriculture. Studies should inform real-world issues. For example, how should we integrate knowledge of indigenous subsistence use of birds into conservation policy and practice (Naves et al. 2019)? How can we reduce barriers to farmers of employing bird-friendly pest management techniques (Bardenhagen et al. 2020)? Studies that investigate whether and how particular strategies and/or policies aid in bird conservation and management are of particular interest. For example, Salazar et al. (2019) evaluated the likely causes of a large population increase in the threatened Yellowshouldered Amazon Parrot (Amazona barbadensis) on the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean. The investigators used surveys of stakeholders and an analytical framework including General Elimination Methodology and Theory of Change techniques. They determined that the significant increase in the parrot population from 1998 to 2018 could be attributed to a social marketing campaign, environmental education in schools, and enforcement of laws related to illegal possession of the parrots, thus illustrating the value of a multi-pronged approach to parrot conservation (Salazar et al. 2019). The social science papers we seek should provide links between mechanisms of bird declines and conservation outcomes. For example, among other threats, birds suffer from collisions with buildings (Riding et al. 2019), domestic cats (Loss et al. 2013), and light pollution (Ferraro et al. 2020). Social science studies that inform efforts to address these issues are critical. Which strategies will be effective in working with local governing bodies, architects, and the general public to adapt building designs, keep pet cats indoors, and modify the schedule of lighting in cities, to reduce impacts on birds? Ornithological Applications will continue to publish high-quality research about bird biology, methodological and analytical techniques, threats to birds, and the roles of birds in ecosystems. I urge AOS members, particularly those of us with traditional
《秃鹰:鸟类学应用》的编辑委员会邀请作者考虑他们以鸟类为重点的保护社会科学论文。该杂志不久将更名为《鸟类学应用》(Ornithological Applications)，发表一些促进鸟类保护和管理的文章。迄今为止，在保护社会科学领域的文章很少，这是一个使用社会科学的理论和方法来改善保护结果的领域。正如Dayer等人(2020)在本期杂志中所指出的那样，保护工作必须考虑并整合人类的价值观、观念、活动和组织结构，才能发挥作用。我们鼓励作者提交关于人类对鸟类的态度和行为、与鸟类有关的娱乐活动的经济学、传统生态知识以及在非管理和管理的生态系统(如农业)中鸟类活动的社会和经济方面的研究。研究应该反映现实世界的问题。例如，我们应如何将有关土著鸟类生存利用的知识纳入保护政策和实践(Naves等人，2019)?我们如何减少农民采用对鸟类友好的有害生物管理技术的障碍(Bardenhagen et al. 2020)?调查特定策略和/或政策是否以及如何有助于鸟类保护和管理的研究特别有趣。例如，Salazar等人(2019)评估了加勒比博内尔岛上受威胁的黄肩亚马逊鹦鹉(Amazona barbadensis)数量大量增加的可能原因。调查人员使用了利益相关者的调查和分析框架，包括一般消除方法和变革理论技术。他们确定，从1998年到2018年，鹦鹉数量的显着增加可归因于社会营销活动、学校环境教育以及与非法拥有鹦鹉有关的法律的执行，从而说明了多管齐下的鹦鹉保护方法的价值(Salazar等人，2019)。我们寻找的社会科学论文应该提供鸟类数量减少的机制和保护结果之间的联系。例如，在其他威胁中，鸟类遭受的威胁包括与建筑物的碰撞(Riding et al. 2019)、家猫(Loss et al. 2013)和光污染(Ferraro et al. 2020)。为解决这些问题提供信息的社会科学研究至关重要。在与地方管理机构、建筑师和公众合作，调整建筑设计、让宠物猫呆在室内、修改城市照明时间表，以减少对鸟类的影响方面，哪些策略是有效的?《鸟类学应用》将继续发表关于鸟类生物学、方法和分析技术、鸟类威胁以及鸟类在生态系统中的作用的高质量研究。我敦促美国自然科学学会的成员，特别是我们这些具有传统自然科学背景的成员，拥抱我们的社会科学同事，并利用这个机会对保护社会科学工作中使用的理论、方法和假设有更多的了解。将我们的保护伞扩大到包括社会科学，只会改善我们的努力，扭转目前鸟类数量下降的趋势，使世界成为一个更适合鸟类生物多样性的地方。
{"title":"Conservation social science in Ornithological Applications","authors":"C. Lindell","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa056","url":null,"abstract":"The editorial board of The Condor: Ornithological Applications invites authors to consider the journal for their conservation social science papers that focus on birds. The journal, soon to be renamed Ornithological Applications, publishes articles that advance the conservation and management of birds. Few articles to date have been in the realm of conservation social science, a field that uses the theories and methods of the social sciences to improve conservation outcomes. As Dayer et al. (2020) argue in this issue of the journal, conservation efforts must consider and integrate human values, perceptions, activities, and organizational structures in order to be effective. We encourage authors to submit studies that address human attitudes and behavior toward birds, the economics of recreational activities related to birds, traditional ecological knowledge, and social and economic facets of bird activity in unmanaged and managed ecosystems such as agriculture. Studies should inform real-world issues. For example, how should we integrate knowledge of indigenous subsistence use of birds into conservation policy and practice (Naves et al. 2019)? How can we reduce barriers to farmers of employing bird-friendly pest management techniques (Bardenhagen et al. 2020)? Studies that investigate whether and how particular strategies and/or policies aid in bird conservation and management are of particular interest. For example, Salazar et al. (2019) evaluated the likely causes of a large population increase in the threatened Yellowshouldered Amazon Parrot (Amazona barbadensis) on the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean. The investigators used surveys of stakeholders and an analytical framework including General Elimination Methodology and Theory of Change techniques. They determined that the significant increase in the parrot population from 1998 to 2018 could be attributed to a social marketing campaign, environmental education in schools, and enforcement of laws related to illegal possession of the parrots, thus illustrating the value of a multi-pronged approach to parrot conservation (Salazar et al. 2019). The social science papers we seek should provide links between mechanisms of bird declines and conservation outcomes. For example, among other threats, birds suffer from collisions with buildings (Riding et al. 2019), domestic cats (Loss et al. 2013), and light pollution (Ferraro et al. 2020). Social science studies that inform efforts to address these issues are critical. Which strategies will be effective in working with local governing bodies, architects, and the general public to adapt building designs, keep pet cats indoors, and modify the schedule of lighting in cities, to reduce impacts on birds? Ornithological Applications will continue to publish high-quality research about bird biology, methodological and analytical techniques, threats to birds, and the roles of birds in ecosystems. I urge AOS members, particularly those of us with traditional","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dayer, J. Barnes, A. Dietsch, Jacqueline M. Keating, Liliana C. Naves
ABSTRACT Conservation efforts are shaped by individual and collective human behaviors, cultural norms and values, economic pressures, and political and organizational structures. As such, the conservation social sciences—disciplines that draw on social science theories and approaches to improve conservation efforts—can play a vital role in advancing the science and practice of bird conservation. We connect the rich, ongoing discussion about the vital role of the conservation social sciences to the specific context of bird conservation and make an argument for the importance of proactive inclusion of these sciences in ornithological societies. First, we introduce the conservation social sciences and illustrate how they can improve the design and implementation of conservation programs and policies for birds. Drawing on discussions from a symposium we organized at the 2019 American Ornithological Society (AOS) annual meeting, we encourage the AOS to make institutional changes that could further support the inclusion of conservation social sciences. These changes ideally would include a working group, conference plenaries and themes, and high-quality social science publications, along with support and encouragement for ornithologists and bird conservationists to partake in trainings and collaborate with social scientists. Strategies for how to do so effectively can be adapted from other conservation societies that have paved the way for disciplinary inclusivity. LAY SUMMARY The conservation social sciences investigate how people think and act in relation to biodiversity, including birds and the habitats that support them. Application of conservation social science findings can improve the effectiveness of bird conservation. he American Ornithological Society and its members can take specific steps to facilitate integration of the conservation social sciences with ornithology.
{"title":"Advancing scientific knowledge and conservation of birds through inclusion of conservation social sciences in the American Ornithological Society","authors":"A. Dayer, J. Barnes, A. Dietsch, Jacqueline M. Keating, Liliana C. Naves","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conservation efforts are shaped by individual and collective human behaviors, cultural norms and values, economic pressures, and political and organizational structures. As such, the conservation social sciences—disciplines that draw on social science theories and approaches to improve conservation efforts—can play a vital role in advancing the science and practice of bird conservation. We connect the rich, ongoing discussion about the vital role of the conservation social sciences to the specific context of bird conservation and make an argument for the importance of proactive inclusion of these sciences in ornithological societies. First, we introduce the conservation social sciences and illustrate how they can improve the design and implementation of conservation programs and policies for birds. Drawing on discussions from a symposium we organized at the 2019 American Ornithological Society (AOS) annual meeting, we encourage the AOS to make institutional changes that could further support the inclusion of conservation social sciences. These changes ideally would include a working group, conference plenaries and themes, and high-quality social science publications, along with support and encouragement for ornithologists and bird conservationists to partake in trainings and collaborate with social scientists. Strategies for how to do so effectively can be adapted from other conservation societies that have paved the way for disciplinary inclusivity. LAY SUMMARY The conservation social sciences investigate how people think and act in relation to biodiversity, including birds and the habitats that support them. Application of conservation social science findings can improve the effectiveness of bird conservation. he American Ornithological Society and its members can take specific steps to facilitate integration of the conservation social sciences with ornithology.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":"122 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators. LAY SUMMARY Birds that nest on public sandy beaches benefit from protective fencing and educational signs, but additional benefits may occur if volunteer stewards are stationed at the protected area. I assessed whether the presence of stewards benefited nesting Least Terns by reducing human disturbance and increasing reproductive success at breeding colonies. Audubon Mississippi staff monitored Least Tern colonies in coastal Mississippi from 2017 to 2019 while seasonal stewards observed the extent of disturbance at each colony. Colonies with greater disturbance rates were less productive, and stewardship efforts benefited colonies by increasing nest hatch probability. Posting stewards at breeding colonies is an effective management strategy for conserving Least Terns, although additional management actions are likely needed to increase chick survival.
{"title":"Mixed evidence for effects of stewardship on Least Tern reproductive success in coastal Mississippi","authors":"A. Darrah","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators. LAY SUMMARY Birds that nest on public sandy beaches benefit from protective fencing and educational signs, but additional benefits may occur if volunteer stewards are stationed at the protected area. I assessed whether the presence of stewards benefited nesting Least Terns by reducing human disturbance and increasing reproductive success at breeding colonies. Audubon Mississippi staff monitored Least Tern colonies in coastal Mississippi from 2017 to 2019 while seasonal stewards observed the extent of disturbance at each colony. Colonies with greater disturbance rates were less productive, and stewardship efforts benefited colonies by increasing nest hatch probability. Posting stewards at breeding colonies is an effective management strategy for conserving Least Terns, although additional management actions are likely needed to increase chick survival.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.
{"title":"Migratory Status Determines Resource Selection By American Woodcock at an Important Fall Stopover, Cape May, New Jersey","authors":"Brian B. Allen, D. McAuley, Erik J. Blomberg","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Real James Bond: A True Story of Identity Theft, Avian Intrigue & Ian Fleming","authors":"H. T. Armistead","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":"122 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41479390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Murphy, S. Gill, K. Fraser, J. Kirchman, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. Oyler‐McCance, H. Streby
1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2 Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA 3 University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 4 New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA 5 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 7 University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: murphym@pdx.edu
{"title":"2020 Katma Award to Mikus Abolins-Abols and Mark E. Hauber","authors":"M. T. Murphy, S. Gill, K. Fraser, J. Kirchman, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. Oyler‐McCance, H. Streby","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa034","url":null,"abstract":"1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2 Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA 3 University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 4 New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA 5 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 7 University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: murphym@pdx.edu","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kus, R. Kimball, R. Montgomerie, N. T. Wheelwright, T. Rich
{"title":"2020 Peter R. Stettenheim Service Award to Susan Haig","authors":"B. Kus, R. Kimball, R. Montgomerie, N. T. Wheelwright, T. Rich","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron J Fiss, Darin J Mcneil, A. Rodewald, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin
ABSTRACT Our understanding of songbird habitat needs during the breeding season stems largely from studies of nest success. However, growing evidence shows that nesting habitat and post-fledging habitat often differ. Management guidelines for declining species need to be reevaluated and updated to account for habitat shifts that may occur across the full breeding cycle. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a declining songbird species for which best management practices (BMPs) are based overwhelmingly on nesting habitat. We studied stand-scale habitat selection by fledgling Golden-winged Warblers during May–July, 2014–2017, in 2 landscapes (2 yr of data for each landscape), 200 km apart in Pennsylvania. Across 4 yr, we radio-tagged and tracked 156 fledglings. We used discrete-choice models to evaluate habitat selection during 2 post-fledging time periods (days 1–5, days 6–28). Fledglings used a variety of cover types, but most telemetry relocations (i.e. 85%) occurred in forest in the stand initiation stage, stem exclusion stage, or mature forest upland. Fledglings primarily selected stand initiation forest during the first 5 days, but preferred habitats differed between regions during days 6–28 post-fledging. Fledglings in one landscape favored stands in the stem exclusion stage while fledglings in the other landscape continued to select stands in the initiation stage. Fledglings moved greater distances as they aged and dispersed ∼750 m by day 28 post-fledging. These findings suggest the need to update Golden-winged Warbler BMPs to account for the broader habitat needs of fledglings during the breeding season. In addition, these results indicate that regional studies of habitat requirements can help guide management of dynamic forest landscapes for birds. LAY SUMMARY Little is known about the post-fledging ecology and habitat requirements of many migratory songbirds. We used VHF radio-transmitters to track 156 fledgling Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) from two subpopulations in Pennsylvania, USA, and describe their movements, habitat use, and habitat selection. On average fledglings dispersed ∼750 m from nest sites by day 28 post-fledging with the maximum dispersal distance being 3.6 km. Fledglings used all cover types but 85% of relocations occurred in stand initiation, stem exclusion, or mature forest uplands. Habitat selection was directed primarily toward forest in the stand initiation stage, however fledglings in one landscape also selected for stem exclusion stands. Managers should consider promoting additional forest stand age class diversity (especially forest in the stem exclusion stage) in areas proximate to Golden-winged Warbler nesting habitat to provide the structure necessary for fledglings.
{"title":"Post-fledging Golden-winged Warblers require forests with multiple stand developmental stages","authors":"Cameron J Fiss, Darin J Mcneil, A. Rodewald, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our understanding of songbird habitat needs during the breeding season stems largely from studies of nest success. However, growing evidence shows that nesting habitat and post-fledging habitat often differ. Management guidelines for declining species need to be reevaluated and updated to account for habitat shifts that may occur across the full breeding cycle. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a declining songbird species for which best management practices (BMPs) are based overwhelmingly on nesting habitat. We studied stand-scale habitat selection by fledgling Golden-winged Warblers during May–July, 2014–2017, in 2 landscapes (2 yr of data for each landscape), 200 km apart in Pennsylvania. Across 4 yr, we radio-tagged and tracked 156 fledglings. We used discrete-choice models to evaluate habitat selection during 2 post-fledging time periods (days 1–5, days 6–28). Fledglings used a variety of cover types, but most telemetry relocations (i.e. 85%) occurred in forest in the stand initiation stage, stem exclusion stage, or mature forest upland. Fledglings primarily selected stand initiation forest during the first 5 days, but preferred habitats differed between regions during days 6–28 post-fledging. Fledglings in one landscape favored stands in the stem exclusion stage while fledglings in the other landscape continued to select stands in the initiation stage. Fledglings moved greater distances as they aged and dispersed ∼750 m by day 28 post-fledging. These findings suggest the need to update Golden-winged Warbler BMPs to account for the broader habitat needs of fledglings during the breeding season. In addition, these results indicate that regional studies of habitat requirements can help guide management of dynamic forest landscapes for birds. LAY SUMMARY Little is known about the post-fledging ecology and habitat requirements of many migratory songbirds. We used VHF radio-transmitters to track 156 fledgling Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) from two subpopulations in Pennsylvania, USA, and describe their movements, habitat use, and habitat selection. On average fledglings dispersed ∼750 m from nest sites by day 28 post-fledging with the maximum dispersal distance being 3.6 km. Fledglings used all cover types but 85% of relocations occurred in stand initiation, stem exclusion, or mature forest uplands. Habitat selection was directed primarily toward forest in the stand initiation stage, however fledglings in one landscape also selected for stem exclusion stands. Managers should consider promoting additional forest stand age class diversity (especially forest in the stem exclusion stage) in areas proximate to Golden-winged Warbler nesting habitat to provide the structure necessary for fledglings.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Lagassé, R. Lanctot, M. Barter, Stephen Brown, Chungyu Chiang, C. Choi, Y. Gerasimov, S. Kendall, J. Liebezeit, K. S. Maslovsky, Alexander I. Matsyna, E. Matsyna, D. Payer, S. Saalfeld, Yoshimitsu Shigeta, I. Tiunov, P. Tomkovich, O. Valchuk, Michael B. Wunder
ABSTRACT The degree to which individuals migrate among particular breeding, migration, and wintering sites can have important implications for prioritizing conservation efforts. Four subspecies of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each subspecies has a distinct and well-defined breeding range, but their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 of these subspecies by evaluating a dataset that encompasses 57 yr (1960–2017), and comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records and 818 observations (71 recaptures and 747 band resightings). We present some of the first evidence that subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in areas of Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in areas of the Yellow and China seas. Observations indicate that whether an arcticola Dunlin winters in Japan or the Yellow and China seas is independent of their breeding location, sex, or age. Furthermore, observations indicate that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. This suggests that the degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies), and, if widespread, could result in population declines. Given the possible biases inherent in analyzing band recovery data, we recommend additional flyway-wide collaboration and the use of lightweight tracking devices and morphological and genetic assignment techniques to better quantify subspecies' migratory movements and nonbreeding distributions. This information, when combined, will enable effective conservation efforts for this species across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. LAY SUMMARY The East Asian–Australasian Flyway has more threatened and near-threatened migratory waterbird species than any other flyway in the world; however, developing flyway conservation plans has been challenging, in part due to limited information regarding population-specific migration patterns. Four subspecies of Dunlin migrate and winter along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each has a well-defined breeding range; their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 subspecies using data from 57 yr (1960–2017), which comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records, 71 recaptures, and 747 band resightings. Subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in the Yellow and China seas. It is likely that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. Our findings suggest that degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies) and could result in population declines.
{"title":"Dunlin subspecies exhibit regional segregation and high site fidelity along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"B. Lagassé, R. Lanctot, M. Barter, Stephen Brown, Chungyu Chiang, C. Choi, Y. Gerasimov, S. Kendall, J. Liebezeit, K. S. Maslovsky, Alexander I. Matsyna, E. Matsyna, D. Payer, S. Saalfeld, Yoshimitsu Shigeta, I. Tiunov, P. Tomkovich, O. Valchuk, Michael B. Wunder","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The degree to which individuals migrate among particular breeding, migration, and wintering sites can have important implications for prioritizing conservation efforts. Four subspecies of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each subspecies has a distinct and well-defined breeding range, but their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 of these subspecies by evaluating a dataset that encompasses 57 yr (1960–2017), and comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records and 818 observations (71 recaptures and 747 band resightings). We present some of the first evidence that subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in areas of Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in areas of the Yellow and China seas. Observations indicate that whether an arcticola Dunlin winters in Japan or the Yellow and China seas is independent of their breeding location, sex, or age. Furthermore, observations indicate that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. This suggests that the degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies), and, if widespread, could result in population declines. Given the possible biases inherent in analyzing band recovery data, we recommend additional flyway-wide collaboration and the use of lightweight tracking devices and morphological and genetic assignment techniques to better quantify subspecies' migratory movements and nonbreeding distributions. This information, when combined, will enable effective conservation efforts for this species across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. LAY SUMMARY The East Asian–Australasian Flyway has more threatened and near-threatened migratory waterbird species than any other flyway in the world; however, developing flyway conservation plans has been challenging, in part due to limited information regarding population-specific migration patterns. Four subspecies of Dunlin migrate and winter along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each has a well-defined breeding range; their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 subspecies using data from 57 yr (1960–2017), which comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records, 71 recaptures, and 747 band resightings. Subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in the Yellow and China seas. It is likely that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. Our findings suggest that degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies) and could result in population declines.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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