ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.
{"title":"Migratory Status Determines Resource Selection By American Woodcock at an Important Fall Stopover, Cape May, New Jersey","authors":"Brian B. Allen, D. McAuley, Erik J. Blomberg","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Real James Bond: A True Story of Identity Theft, Avian Intrigue & Ian Fleming","authors":"H. T. Armistead","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41479390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kus, R. Kimball, R. Montgomerie, N. T. Wheelwright, T. Rich
{"title":"2020 Peter R. Stettenheim Service Award to Susan Haig","authors":"B. Kus, R. Kimball, R. Montgomerie, N. T. Wheelwright, T. Rich","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. T. Murphy, S. Gill, K. Fraser, J. Kirchman, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. Oyler‐McCance, H. Streby
1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2 Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA 3 University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 4 New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA 5 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 7 University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: murphym@pdx.edu
{"title":"2020 Katma Award to Mikus Abolins-Abols and Mark E. Hauber","authors":"M. T. Murphy, S. Gill, K. Fraser, J. Kirchman, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, S. Oyler‐McCance, H. Streby","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa034","url":null,"abstract":"1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2 Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA 3 University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 4 New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA 5 University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, Ontario, Canada 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 7 University of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: murphym@pdx.edu","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cameron J Fiss, Darin J Mcneil, A. Rodewald, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin
ABSTRACT Our understanding of songbird habitat needs during the breeding season stems largely from studies of nest success. However, growing evidence shows that nesting habitat and post-fledging habitat often differ. Management guidelines for declining species need to be reevaluated and updated to account for habitat shifts that may occur across the full breeding cycle. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a declining songbird species for which best management practices (BMPs) are based overwhelmingly on nesting habitat. We studied stand-scale habitat selection by fledgling Golden-winged Warblers during May–July, 2014–2017, in 2 landscapes (2 yr of data for each landscape), 200 km apart in Pennsylvania. Across 4 yr, we radio-tagged and tracked 156 fledglings. We used discrete-choice models to evaluate habitat selection during 2 post-fledging time periods (days 1–5, days 6–28). Fledglings used a variety of cover types, but most telemetry relocations (i.e. 85%) occurred in forest in the stand initiation stage, stem exclusion stage, or mature forest upland. Fledglings primarily selected stand initiation forest during the first 5 days, but preferred habitats differed between regions during days 6–28 post-fledging. Fledglings in one landscape favored stands in the stem exclusion stage while fledglings in the other landscape continued to select stands in the initiation stage. Fledglings moved greater distances as they aged and dispersed ∼750 m by day 28 post-fledging. These findings suggest the need to update Golden-winged Warbler BMPs to account for the broader habitat needs of fledglings during the breeding season. In addition, these results indicate that regional studies of habitat requirements can help guide management of dynamic forest landscapes for birds. LAY SUMMARY Little is known about the post-fledging ecology and habitat requirements of many migratory songbirds. We used VHF radio-transmitters to track 156 fledgling Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) from two subpopulations in Pennsylvania, USA, and describe their movements, habitat use, and habitat selection. On average fledglings dispersed ∼750 m from nest sites by day 28 post-fledging with the maximum dispersal distance being 3.6 km. Fledglings used all cover types but 85% of relocations occurred in stand initiation, stem exclusion, or mature forest uplands. Habitat selection was directed primarily toward forest in the stand initiation stage, however fledglings in one landscape also selected for stem exclusion stands. Managers should consider promoting additional forest stand age class diversity (especially forest in the stem exclusion stage) in areas proximate to Golden-winged Warbler nesting habitat to provide the structure necessary for fledglings.
{"title":"Post-fledging Golden-winged Warblers require forests with multiple stand developmental stages","authors":"Cameron J Fiss, Darin J Mcneil, A. Rodewald, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our understanding of songbird habitat needs during the breeding season stems largely from studies of nest success. However, growing evidence shows that nesting habitat and post-fledging habitat often differ. Management guidelines for declining species need to be reevaluated and updated to account for habitat shifts that may occur across the full breeding cycle. The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) is a declining songbird species for which best management practices (BMPs) are based overwhelmingly on nesting habitat. We studied stand-scale habitat selection by fledgling Golden-winged Warblers during May–July, 2014–2017, in 2 landscapes (2 yr of data for each landscape), 200 km apart in Pennsylvania. Across 4 yr, we radio-tagged and tracked 156 fledglings. We used discrete-choice models to evaluate habitat selection during 2 post-fledging time periods (days 1–5, days 6–28). Fledglings used a variety of cover types, but most telemetry relocations (i.e. 85%) occurred in forest in the stand initiation stage, stem exclusion stage, or mature forest upland. Fledglings primarily selected stand initiation forest during the first 5 days, but preferred habitats differed between regions during days 6–28 post-fledging. Fledglings in one landscape favored stands in the stem exclusion stage while fledglings in the other landscape continued to select stands in the initiation stage. Fledglings moved greater distances as they aged and dispersed ∼750 m by day 28 post-fledging. These findings suggest the need to update Golden-winged Warbler BMPs to account for the broader habitat needs of fledglings during the breeding season. In addition, these results indicate that regional studies of habitat requirements can help guide management of dynamic forest landscapes for birds. LAY SUMMARY Little is known about the post-fledging ecology and habitat requirements of many migratory songbirds. We used VHF radio-transmitters to track 156 fledgling Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) from two subpopulations in Pennsylvania, USA, and describe their movements, habitat use, and habitat selection. On average fledglings dispersed ∼750 m from nest sites by day 28 post-fledging with the maximum dispersal distance being 3.6 km. Fledglings used all cover types but 85% of relocations occurred in stand initiation, stem exclusion, or mature forest uplands. Habitat selection was directed primarily toward forest in the stand initiation stage, however fledglings in one landscape also selected for stem exclusion stands. Managers should consider promoting additional forest stand age class diversity (especially forest in the stem exclusion stage) in areas proximate to Golden-winged Warbler nesting habitat to provide the structure necessary for fledglings.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Lagassé, R. Lanctot, M. Barter, Stephen Brown, Chungyu Chiang, C. Choi, Y. Gerasimov, S. Kendall, J. Liebezeit, K. S. Maslovsky, Alexander I. Matsyna, E. Matsyna, D. Payer, S. Saalfeld, Yoshimitsu Shigeta, I. Tiunov, P. Tomkovich, O. Valchuk, Michael B. Wunder
ABSTRACT The degree to which individuals migrate among particular breeding, migration, and wintering sites can have important implications for prioritizing conservation efforts. Four subspecies of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each subspecies has a distinct and well-defined breeding range, but their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 of these subspecies by evaluating a dataset that encompasses 57 yr (1960–2017), and comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records and 818 observations (71 recaptures and 747 band resightings). We present some of the first evidence that subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in areas of Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in areas of the Yellow and China seas. Observations indicate that whether an arcticola Dunlin winters in Japan or the Yellow and China seas is independent of their breeding location, sex, or age. Furthermore, observations indicate that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. This suggests that the degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies), and, if widespread, could result in population declines. Given the possible biases inherent in analyzing band recovery data, we recommend additional flyway-wide collaboration and the use of lightweight tracking devices and morphological and genetic assignment techniques to better quantify subspecies' migratory movements and nonbreeding distributions. This information, when combined, will enable effective conservation efforts for this species across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. LAY SUMMARY The East Asian–Australasian Flyway has more threatened and near-threatened migratory waterbird species than any other flyway in the world; however, developing flyway conservation plans has been challenging, in part due to limited information regarding population-specific migration patterns. Four subspecies of Dunlin migrate and winter along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each has a well-defined breeding range; their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 subspecies using data from 57 yr (1960–2017), which comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records, 71 recaptures, and 747 band resightings. Subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in the Yellow and China seas. It is likely that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. Our findings suggest that degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies) and could result in population declines.
{"title":"Dunlin subspecies exhibit regional segregation and high site fidelity along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"B. Lagassé, R. Lanctot, M. Barter, Stephen Brown, Chungyu Chiang, C. Choi, Y. Gerasimov, S. Kendall, J. Liebezeit, K. S. Maslovsky, Alexander I. Matsyna, E. Matsyna, D. Payer, S. Saalfeld, Yoshimitsu Shigeta, I. Tiunov, P. Tomkovich, O. Valchuk, Michael B. Wunder","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The degree to which individuals migrate among particular breeding, migration, and wintering sites can have important implications for prioritizing conservation efforts. Four subspecies of Dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each subspecies has a distinct and well-defined breeding range, but their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 of these subspecies by evaluating a dataset that encompasses 57 yr (1960–2017), and comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records and 818 observations (71 recaptures and 747 band resightings). We present some of the first evidence that subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in areas of Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in areas of the Yellow and China seas. Observations indicate that whether an arcticola Dunlin winters in Japan or the Yellow and China seas is independent of their breeding location, sex, or age. Furthermore, observations indicate that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. This suggests that the degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies), and, if widespread, could result in population declines. Given the possible biases inherent in analyzing band recovery data, we recommend additional flyway-wide collaboration and the use of lightweight tracking devices and morphological and genetic assignment techniques to better quantify subspecies' migratory movements and nonbreeding distributions. This information, when combined, will enable effective conservation efforts for this species across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. LAY SUMMARY The East Asian–Australasian Flyway has more threatened and near-threatened migratory waterbird species than any other flyway in the world; however, developing flyway conservation plans has been challenging, in part due to limited information regarding population-specific migration patterns. Four subspecies of Dunlin migrate and winter along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Each has a well-defined breeding range; their migration and winter ranges are poorly defined or unknown. We assessed the migratory connectivity of 3 subspecies using data from 57 yr (1960–2017), which comprises more than 28,000 Dunlin banding records, 71 recaptures, and 747 band resightings. Subspecific segregation likely occurs, with arcticola Dunlin wintering in Japan, and other arcticola, actites, and sakhalina Dunlin wintering in the Yellow and China seas. It is likely that ≥83% of arcticola Dunlin exhibit interannual site fidelity to specific wintering sites. Our findings suggest that degradation of specific wetland areas may negatively affect particular individuals of a particular subspecies (or combination of subspecies) and could result in population declines.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Witt, Elizabeth A. Gow, Peter A. Hosner, D. Baldassarre, Kristen M. Covino, M. Stoddard
{"title":"2020 Early Professional Awards to Nicholas A. Mason, Sara A. Kaiser, and Jennifer Walsh","authors":"C. Witt, Elizabeth A. Gow, Peter A. Hosner, D. Baldassarre, Kristen M. Covino, M. Stoddard","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Haig, K. Hobson, B. Sandercock, R. Bowman, L. A. Whittingham
{"title":"2020 Loye and Alden Miller Research Award to Erica Nol","authors":"S. Haig, K. Hobson, B. Sandercock, R. Bowman, L. A. Whittingham","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha G. Robinson, D. Gibson, Thomas V. Riecke, J. Fraser, Henrietta A. Bellman, Audrey Derose‐Wilson, S. Karpanty, Katie M. Walker, D. Catlin
ABSTRACT Evaluating population-level responses to conservation action following large-scale disturbance can improve the efficacy of future habitat conservation measures. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy storm surges cleared vegetation and opened inlets through the barrier islands, Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, creating Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat. Storm effects prompted an island-wide stabilization project, which had the potential to negatively affect novel Piping Plover habitat. Certain sections of Fire Island were designed to create and/or improve habitat (hereafter, restoration areas) to mitigate possible habitat loss or degradation. Since Piping Plovers in New York appear to be habitat-limited, we anticipated positive population growth following habitat creation. From 2013 to 2018, we captured and banded 152 adults and 353 chicks, and monitored 279 nests and 160 broods. We developed an integrated population model to assess demographic processes in response to hurricane created-habitat (2013–2018) and the creation of restoration areas (2015–2018). We observed positive population growth in 3 of 5 yr, and overall growth throughout the period ( = 1.13). Immigration and reproductive output were correlated with population growth (r = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.98] and 0.84 [95% CI: –0.47 to 0.95], respectively). Compared with the rest of the study area, restoration areas had higher chick survival, and lower nest survival and after second-year site fidelity. The result was population growth in restoration areas ( = 1.14) similar to the whole study area. In the short term, restoration areas seemed to mimic natural Piping Plover habitat. Vegetation removal, an important process in renewing natural Piping Plover habitat, likely will be necessary to maintain habitat suitability. Efforts to increase immigration of new breeding adults into the system, and to improve reproductive output, primarily by habitat creation or maintenance, are likely to have the greatest local effect on population growth. LAY SUMMARY Despite being listed under the Endangered Species Act for more than 30 yr, and intensive management, Piping Plovers on the Atlantic Coast have not met population recovery goals across much of their breeding range. Hurricane Sandy increased available nesting habitat (dry sand) by over 150%. Following Hurricane Sandy, we monitored a population of individually marked birds on Fire Island and West Hampton Island, New York, for 6 yr. The area monitored included restored habitat, to evaluate the effectiveness of Piping Plover targeted habitat management. The population increased 90% in the 6 yr following Hurricane Sandy, primarily because of immigrant adults, and local reproductive success. The reproductive output and population growth in restoration areas were similar to the rest of the study area. Overall, Hurricane Sandy habitat creation was positive for this local plover population. Efforts to allow future hurricane storm su
{"title":"Piping Plover population increase after Hurricane Sandy mediated by immigration and reproductive output","authors":"Samantha G. Robinson, D. Gibson, Thomas V. Riecke, J. Fraser, Henrietta A. Bellman, Audrey Derose‐Wilson, S. Karpanty, Katie M. Walker, D. Catlin","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evaluating population-level responses to conservation action following large-scale disturbance can improve the efficacy of future habitat conservation measures. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy storm surges cleared vegetation and opened inlets through the barrier islands, Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, creating Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat. Storm effects prompted an island-wide stabilization project, which had the potential to negatively affect novel Piping Plover habitat. Certain sections of Fire Island were designed to create and/or improve habitat (hereafter, restoration areas) to mitigate possible habitat loss or degradation. Since Piping Plovers in New York appear to be habitat-limited, we anticipated positive population growth following habitat creation. From 2013 to 2018, we captured and banded 152 adults and 353 chicks, and monitored 279 nests and 160 broods. We developed an integrated population model to assess demographic processes in response to hurricane created-habitat (2013–2018) and the creation of restoration areas (2015–2018). We observed positive population growth in 3 of 5 yr, and overall growth throughout the period ( = 1.13). Immigration and reproductive output were correlated with population growth (r = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.98] and 0.84 [95% CI: –0.47 to 0.95], respectively). Compared with the rest of the study area, restoration areas had higher chick survival, and lower nest survival and after second-year site fidelity. The result was population growth in restoration areas ( = 1.14) similar to the whole study area. In the short term, restoration areas seemed to mimic natural Piping Plover habitat. Vegetation removal, an important process in renewing natural Piping Plover habitat, likely will be necessary to maintain habitat suitability. Efforts to increase immigration of new breeding adults into the system, and to improve reproductive output, primarily by habitat creation or maintenance, are likely to have the greatest local effect on population growth. LAY SUMMARY Despite being listed under the Endangered Species Act for more than 30 yr, and intensive management, Piping Plovers on the Atlantic Coast have not met population recovery goals across much of their breeding range. Hurricane Sandy increased available nesting habitat (dry sand) by over 150%. Following Hurricane Sandy, we monitored a population of individually marked birds on Fire Island and West Hampton Island, New York, for 6 yr. The area monitored included restored habitat, to evaluate the effectiveness of Piping Plover targeted habitat management. The population increased 90% in the 6 yr following Hurricane Sandy, primarily because of immigrant adults, and local reproductive success. The reproductive output and population growth in restoration areas were similar to the rest of the study area. Overall, Hurricane Sandy habitat creation was positive for this local plover population. Efforts to allow future hurricane storm su","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43005854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Reuleaux, B. Siregar, N. Collar, M. R. Panggur, A. Mardiastuti, Martin J. Jones, S. Marsden
ABSTRACT Intense trapping of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) for the international pet trade has devastated its populations across Indonesia such that populations of >100 individuals remain at only a handful of sites. We combined distance sampling with density surface modeling (DSM) to predict local densities and estimate total population size for one of these areas, Komodo Island, part of Komodo National Park (KNP) in Indonesia. We modeled local density based on topography (topographic wetness index) and habitat types (percentage of palm savanna and deciduous monsoon forest). Our population estimate of 1,113 (95% CI: 587–2,109) individuals on Komodo Island was considerably larger than previous conservative estimates. Our density surface maps showed cockatoos to be absent over much of the island, but present at high densities in wooded valleys. Coincidence between our DSM and a set of independent cockatoo observations was high (93%). Standardized annual counts by KNP staff in selected areas of the island showed increases in cockatoo records from <400 in 2011 to ∼650 in 2017. Taken together, our results indicate that KNP, alongside and indeed because of preserving its iconic Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis), is succeeding in protecting a significant population of Indonesia's rarest cockatoo species. To our knowledge this is the first time DSM has been applied to a critically endangered species. Our findings highlight the potential of DSM for locating abundance hotspots, identifying habitat associations, and estimating global population size in a range of threatened taxa, especially if independent datasets can be used to validate model predictions. LAY SUMMARY Yellow-crested Cockatoos are threatened by extinction due to illegal trapping for the pet trade. Komodo Island in Indonesia supports one of the largest remaining populations. The island is part of Komodo National Park, famous for its Komodo dragons. A 2006 survey indicated cockatoo numbers might have been declining. In contrast to previous surveys we sampled the whole island instead of focusing on coastal valleys, which are known to harbor the highest cockatoo densities. We used distance sampling and density surface modeling, which allowed us to estimate how many cockatoos remained undetected and to produce a map of predicted cockatoo densities. We estimate there are between 600 and 2,100 cockatoos on Komodo, most likely ∼1,100. Komodo National Park authorities also reported an increase in their annual counts of cockatoos from below 400 in 2011 to around 650 in 2017. Thus, the cockatoo population on Komodo Island is large and stable; Komodo National Park is successfully protecting its cockatoos.
{"title":"Protected by dragons: Density surface modeling confirms large population of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo on Komodo Island","authors":"A. Reuleaux, B. Siregar, N. Collar, M. R. Panggur, A. Mardiastuti, Martin J. Jones, S. Marsden","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intense trapping of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) for the international pet trade has devastated its populations across Indonesia such that populations of >100 individuals remain at only a handful of sites. We combined distance sampling with density surface modeling (DSM) to predict local densities and estimate total population size for one of these areas, Komodo Island, part of Komodo National Park (KNP) in Indonesia. We modeled local density based on topography (topographic wetness index) and habitat types (percentage of palm savanna and deciduous monsoon forest). Our population estimate of 1,113 (95% CI: 587–2,109) individuals on Komodo Island was considerably larger than previous conservative estimates. Our density surface maps showed cockatoos to be absent over much of the island, but present at high densities in wooded valleys. Coincidence between our DSM and a set of independent cockatoo observations was high (93%). Standardized annual counts by KNP staff in selected areas of the island showed increases in cockatoo records from <400 in 2011 to ∼650 in 2017. Taken together, our results indicate that KNP, alongside and indeed because of preserving its iconic Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis), is succeeding in protecting a significant population of Indonesia's rarest cockatoo species. To our knowledge this is the first time DSM has been applied to a critically endangered species. Our findings highlight the potential of DSM for locating abundance hotspots, identifying habitat associations, and estimating global population size in a range of threatened taxa, especially if independent datasets can be used to validate model predictions. LAY SUMMARY Yellow-crested Cockatoos are threatened by extinction due to illegal trapping for the pet trade. Komodo Island in Indonesia supports one of the largest remaining populations. The island is part of Komodo National Park, famous for its Komodo dragons. A 2006 survey indicated cockatoo numbers might have been declining. In contrast to previous surveys we sampled the whole island instead of focusing on coastal valleys, which are known to harbor the highest cockatoo densities. We used distance sampling and density surface modeling, which allowed us to estimate how many cockatoos remained undetected and to produce a map of predicted cockatoo densities. We estimate there are between 600 and 2,100 cockatoos on Komodo, most likely ∼1,100. Komodo National Park authorities also reported an increase in their annual counts of cockatoos from below 400 in 2011 to around 650 in 2017. Thus, the cockatoo population on Komodo Island is large and stable; Komodo National Park is successfully protecting its cockatoos.","PeriodicalId":50624,"journal":{"name":"Condor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/condor/duaa042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43288458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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