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Journal of International Analytics最新文献

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Temple or Workshop? The Role of Natural Environmental Factors in International Relations 寺庙还是车间?自然环境因素在国际关系中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-4-7-10
S. Markedonov
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Escalation статьи in U.S.-Russian Relations during the D. Trump Era: Unpacking the “Split Subject” Phenomenon 理解特朗普时代美俄关系的升级:解读 "分裂主体 "现象
Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-3-142-156
A. O. Tsatsurin
Donald Trump’s victory in the 2016 presidential election intensifi ed the divide within American society and the political climate in Washington, causing a signifi cant impact on the relationship between Moscow and Washington. Despite the US political system overcoming the challenges faced during Trump’s presidency, there was also a surge in tensions between the US and Russia. The deterioration of bilateral relations can be attributed to the dysfunctional interagency communication channels and the tightening of sanctions through the CAATSA law. Moscow ultimately shifted its stance from aspiring to normalization to recognizing the likelihood of military-political confrontation. This article presents a hypothesis that comprehensively explains the factors contributing to this shift. The hypothesis underscores the lack of coherence among American political leaders, as four unique interest groups – President Trump, Republican hawks, oppositional bureaucrats, and Democratic Congress members – all contribute to shaping US policy toward Russia. Each group advances its specifi c objectives, sometimes joining forces to bypass the president’s policies. Consequently, a “split subject” phenomenon emerges in US-Russian aff airs. The author concludes that the lack of constructive dialogue with Washington during Trump’s presidency was due to the “split subject.” The victory of J. Biden in the 2020 elections and the alignment of American bipartisan elites amid the Russian-Ukrainian confl ict temporarily shifted this phenomenon to the background. Nevertheless, the author raises the question of whether this “cleavage” might reemerge if Trump or his close associates win the 2024 US presidential election.
唐纳德-特朗普(Donald Trump)在 2016 年总统大选中获胜,加剧了美国社会内部的分歧和华盛顿的政治气候,对莫斯科和华盛顿之间的关系造成了重大影响。尽管美国政治体系克服了特朗普担任总统期间所面临的挑战,但美国与俄罗斯之间的紧张关系也急剧升温。双边关系的恶化可归因于机构间沟通渠道的失灵,以及通过 CAATSA 法加强制裁。莫斯科最终转变了立场,从渴望正常化转变为承认军事政治对抗的可能性。本文提出了一个假设,全面解释了导致这一转变的因素。该假说强调了美国政治领导人之间缺乏一致性,因为四个独特的利益集团--特朗普总统、共和党鹰派、反对派官僚和民主党国会议员--都在塑造美国的对俄政策。每个集团都在推进自己的特定目标,有时还会联合起来绕过总统的政策。因此,美俄关系中出现了 "分裂主体 "现象。作者的结论是,特朗普担任总统期间与华盛顿缺乏建设性对话的原因就在于 "主体分裂"。拜登在 2020 年大选中获胜以及美国两党精英在俄乌冲突中的结盟暂时将这一现象转移到了幕后。然而,作者提出了一个问题:如果特朗普或其亲信赢得 2024 年美国总统大选,这种 "裂痕 "是否会再次出现?
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引用次数: 0
“The Wrong Migration:” The Problem of Managing Migration Flows in the Nordic Countries Politics "错误的移民管理北欧国家移民潮的问题 政治
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-3-58-73
E. D. Pronyakina
In the modern world, migration crises are likely to become commonplace. Denmark, Norway and Sweden are countries that attract migrants from both European and non-European countries. Today they face the diffi cult task of developing a common migration policy, which is hindered by a number of reasons: economic, ideological and political. The article attempts to assess the prospects for cooperation between the Scandinavian countries on migration issues in the near future. Based on the provisions of the Copenhagen School of Security, the author examines mass migration through the prism of the risks it poses to the culturally homogeneous societies of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, to the unique Scandinavian model of the welfare state and to Nordic Co-operation. Comparing the Nordic countries’ approaches to migration management, the author concludes that they are united by the excessive involvement of the state in the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants. Despite the fact that the migration policies of the three countries have undergone signifi cant changes since 2016, the emphasis is still on the management of quantitative indicators (through the issuance of residence permits or deportation) rather than on the creation of social partnerships between migrants and natives. In Danish, Norwegian and even Swedish society, the idea of the need to promote “right” (European) immigration and limit “wrong” (foreign cultural) immigration prevails. There is a situation in which the main integration eff orts are directed at those groups of immigrants who are already suffi ciently integrated. Non-European migrants, regardless of their professional qualifi cations or personal qualities, are still perceived as a threat to Nordic identity.
在当今世界,移民危机很可能变得司空见惯。丹麦、挪威和瑞典是吸引欧洲和非欧洲国家移民的国家。如今,它们面临着制定共同移民政策的艰巨任务,而这一任务受到经济、意识形态和政治等多种原因的阻碍。本文试图评估斯堪的纳维亚国家近期在移民问题上的合作前景。根据哥本哈根安全学派的规定,作者从大规模移民对丹麦、挪威和瑞典的同质文化社会、独特的斯堪的纳维亚福利国家模式以及北欧合作所带来的风险的角度,对其进行了研究。通过比较北欧国家的移民管理方法,作者得出结论,这些国家的共同点是国家在移民适应和融入过程中的过度参与。尽管这三个国家的移民政策自2016年以来发生了重大变化,但重点仍然是对量化指标的管理(通过发放居留证或驱逐出境),而不是在移民和本地人之间建立社会伙伴关系。在丹麦、挪威甚至瑞典社会中,需要促进 "正确的"(欧洲的)移民和限制 "错误的"(外国文化的)移民的观念盛行。在这种情况下,主要的融合努力是针对那些已经充分融合的移民群体。非欧洲移民,无论其专业素质或个人品质如何,仍被视为对北欧特性的威胁。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of International Analytics
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