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Coarse-graining amorphous plasticity: impact of rejuvenation and disorder 粗晶非晶态塑性:再生与无序的影响
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.156
B. Tyukodi, Armand Barbot, Reinaldo Garci'a-Garci'a, Matthias Lerbinger, S. Patinet, D. Vandembroucq
The coarse-graining of amorphous plasticity from the atomistic to the mesoscopic scale is studied in the framework of a simple scalar elasto-plastic model. Building on recent results obtained on the atomistic scale, we discuss the interest in a disordered landscape-informed threshold disorder to reproduce the physics of amorphous plasticity. We show that accounting for a rejuvenation scenario allows us to reproduce quasi-quantitatively the evolution of the mean local yield stress and the localization behavior. We emphasize the crucial role of two dimensionless parameters: the relative strength of the yield stress disorder with respect to the typical stress drops associated with a plastic rearrangement, and the age parameter characterizing the relative stability of the initial glass with respect to the rejuvenated glass that emerges upon shear deformation.
在一个简单的标量弹塑性模型的框架下,研究了从原子尺度到细观尺度的非晶塑性的粗粒化。基于最近在原子尺度上获得的结果,我们讨论了对无序景观知情阈值无序的兴趣,以再现无定形塑性的物理。我们表明,考虑到复兴情景,我们可以准定量地再现平均局部屈服应力和局部化行为的演变。我们强调了两个无量纲参数的关键作用:屈服应力无序相对于与塑性重排相关的典型应力降的相对强度,以及表征初始玻璃相对于剪切变形后出现的再生玻璃的相对稳定性的年龄参数。
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引用次数: 0
The RFOT Theory of Glasses: Recent Progress and Open Issues 玻璃的RFOT理论:最新进展和悬而未决的问题
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.136
G. Biroli, J. Bouchaud
The Random First Order Transition (RFOT) theory started with the pioneering work of Kirkpatrick, Thirumalai and Wolynes. It leverages the methods and advances of the theory of disordered systems. It fares remarkably well at reproducing the salient experimental facts of super-cooled liquids. Yet, direct and indisputable experimental validations are missing. In this short survey, we will review recent investigations that broadly support all static aspects of RFOT, but also those for which the standard dynamical extension of the theory appears to be struggling, in particular in relation with facilitation effects. We discuss possible solutions and open issues.
随机一阶跃迁(RFOT)理论始于Kirkpatrick, Thirumalai和Wolynes的开创性工作。它利用了无序系统理论的方法和进展。它在再现过冷液体的显著实验事实方面表现得非常出色。然而,缺乏直接和无可争议的实验验证。在这个简短的调查中,我们将回顾最近的研究,这些研究广泛地支持RFOT的所有静态方面,但也包括那些理论的标准动态扩展似乎在挣扎的研究,特别是在促进效应方面。我们讨论可能的解决方案和悬而未决的问题。
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引用次数: 7
Frequency beating and damping of breathing oscillations of a harmonically trapped one-dimensional quasicondensate 谐波捕获一维准稠密体呼吸振荡的频率跳动与阻尼
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.131
F. A. Bayocboc, Jr., K. Kheruntsyan
We study the breathing (monopole) oscillations and their damping in a harmonically trapped one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime using a finite-temperature classical field approach. By characterising the oscillations via the dynamics of the density profile's rms width over long time, we find that the rms width displays beating of two distinct frequencies. This means that 1D Bose gas oscillates not at a single breathing mode frequency, as found in previous studies, but as a superposition of two distinct breathing modes, one oscillating at frequency close to $simeq!sqrt{3}omega$ and the other at $simeq!2omega$, where $omega$ is the trap frequency. The breathing mode at $sim!sqrt{3}omega$ dominates the beating at lower temperatures, deep in the quasicondensate regime, and can be attributed to the oscillations of the bulk of the density distribution comprised of particles populating low-energy, highly-occupied states. The breathing mode at $simeq!2omega$, on the other hand, dominates the beating at higher temperatures, close to the nearly ideal, degenerate Bose gas regime, and is attributed to the oscillations of the tails of the density distribution comprised of thermal particles in higher energy states. The two breathing modes have distinct damping rates, with the damping rate of the bulk component being approximately four times larger than that of the tails component.
我们使用有限温度经典场方法研究了准凝聚态中谐波捕获的一维(1D)玻色气体中的呼吸(单极)振荡及其阻尼。通过密度分布的均方根宽度在长时间内的动力学来表征振荡,我们发现均方根宽度显示出两个不同频率的跳动。这意味着1D玻色气体的振荡频率不是以前的研究中发现的单一呼吸模式,而是两种不同呼吸模式的叠加,其中一种模式的振荡频率接近$simeq!sqrt{3}omega$,另一个位于$simq!2omega$,其中$omega$是陷波频率。$sim的呼吸模式!sqrt{3}omega$在较低温度下,在准凝聚态深处主导着跳动,并可归因于由填充低能量、高占据态的粒子组成的密度分布的主体的振荡。$simeq的呼吸模式!另一方面,2ω$在更高的温度下主导着跳动,接近于近乎理想的简并玻色气体状态,并归因于由高能态的热粒子组成的密度分布的尾部的振荡。这两种呼吸模式具有不同的阻尼率,主体成分的阻尼率大约是尾部成分的四倍。
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引用次数: 4
Study of atmospheres in the solar system, from stellar occultation or planetary transit 通过掩星或行星凌日对太阳系大气的研究
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.109
B. Sicardy
. Stellaroccultationsandtransitsoccurwhenaplanetarybodypassesinfrontofastar(includingour Sun). For objects with an atmosphere, refraction plays an essential role to explain the drops of flux and the aureoles observed during these events. This can be used to derived key parameters of the atmospheres, such as their density, pressure and temperature profiles, as well as the presence of atmospheric gravity waves and zonal winds. Here we derive from basic principles the equations that rule the ray propagation in planetary atmospheres, and we show how they can be used to derive the physical parameters of these atmospheres. Les occultations stellaires et les transits se produisent lorsqu’un corps planétaire passe devant une étoile (y comprisnotreSoleil).Pourlesobjetsavecuneatmosphère,lerôledelaréfractionestessentielpourexpliquer les chutes de flux et les auréoles observées lors de ces événements. Ces derniers peuvent être utilisés pour déduire des paramètres clés des atmosphères, comme leurs profils de densité, de pression et de température, ainsi que la présence d’ondes de gravité ou de vents zonaux. A partir des principes fondamentaux, nous déduisons les équations qui régissent la propagation des rayons dans les atmosphères planétaires, et nous montrons comment elles peuvent être utilisées pour déduire les paramètres physiques de ces atmosphères.
.stellaroccultationsandtransitsoccurwhenaplanetarybodypassinfrontofastar(包括我们的太阳)。对于具有大气的物体,折射在解释这些事件期间观察到的流体和光晕的下降方面起着至关重要的作用。这可用于推导大气的关键参数,如密度、压力和温度系数,以及大气重力波和带状风的存在。在这里,我们从基本原理中推导出控制行星大气中光线传播的方程,并展示如何使用它们推导这些大气的物理参数。恒星掩星和凌日发生在行星体从恒星(包括太阳)前面经过时。对于大气的目的,折射作用对于解释这些事件中观察到的流体下降和光环非常重要。这些可用于推断大气的关键参数,如密度、压力和温度,以及重力波或带状风的存在。从基本原理中,我们推导出控制行星大气中光线传播的方程,并展示了如何使用这些方程推导这些大气的物理参数。
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引用次数: 5
Computer simulations of the glass transition and glassy materials 玻璃态转变和玻璃态材料的计算机模拟
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.129
J. Barrat, L. Berthier
We provide an overview of the different types of computational techniques developed over the years to study supercooled liquids, glassy materials and the physics of the glass transition. We organise these numerical strategies into four broad families. For each of them, we describe the general ideas without discussing any technical details. We summarise the type of questions which can be addressed by any given approach and outline the main results which have been obtained. Finally we describe two important directions for future computational studies of glassy systems.
我们概述了多年来为研究过冷液体、玻璃态材料和玻璃态转变物理而开发的不同类型的计算技术。我们将这些数字策略分为四大类。对于它们中的每一个,我们都描述了一般的想法,而没有讨论任何技术细节。我们总结了任何给定方法都可以解决的问题类型,并概述了已获得的主要结果。最后,我们描述了未来玻璃系统计算研究的两个重要方向。
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引用次数: 4
Foreword: Prizes of the French Academy of Sciences 2020 前言:2020年法国科学院获奖情况
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.107
Jacques Villain
jvillain@infonie.fr This special issue of Comptes Rendus Physique brings together articles by three winners of prizes awarded by the Academy of Sciences in 2020. The goal of this foreword is to make them more accessible by non experts, especially students. The first article, by Philippe Bourges (“Science et innovation” CEA prize), Dalila Bounoua and Yvan Sidis, is part of the history of superconductivity, fertile in unexpected twists for 110 years. It was in 1911 that the Dutch scientist Kamerlingh Onnes, having succeeded in achieving very low temperatures which allowed him to liquefy helium, had the very natural curiosity to study the properties of various elements at these temperatures. He was surprised to find that some of them had zero electrical resistance. An electric current could thus circulate for days in a ring of mercury. What was the explanation for this perpetual motion? It was not found until 46 years later by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrie ff er, in 1957. These three scientists showed that electrons can form pairs (Cooper pairs). In a simplified description, we can say that these pairs are bosons and that at very low temperatures these bosons undergo Bose condensation, which leads to superconductivity. It is obvious that a vanishing electric resistance has a considerable technological interest, but this interest was considerably reduced by the need for very low temperatures. The critical temperature of the elements culminates at about ten kelvins in niobium and can reach higher values in compounds, but it was not expected to exceed the 23 K which correspond to Nb 3 Ge. However, in 1986 in Zürich, Müller and Bednorz discovered a family of superconductors whose critical temperature was higher, and a little later exceeded the temperature of liquid
jvillain@infonie.fr本期《康普斯·伦杜斯生理学》特刊汇集了三位2020年科学院获奖者的文章。前言的目的是让非专家,尤其是学生更容易接触到它们。第一篇文章由Philippe Bourges(“科学与创新”CEA奖)、Dalila Bounoua和Yvan Sidis撰写,是超导历史的一部分,在110年的意外曲折中孕育。1911年,荷兰科学家Kamerlingh Onnes成功地实现了极低的温度,使他能够液化氦气,他对研究这些温度下各种元素的性质有着天生的好奇心。他惊讶地发现,其中一些电阻为零。因此,电流可以在汞环中循环数天。对这种永动机的解释是什么?直到46年后,Bardeen、Cooper和Schrie ffer于1957年才发现它。这三位科学家证明了电子可以形成对(库珀对)。在简化的描述中,我们可以说这些对是玻色子,在非常低的温度下,这些玻色子发生玻色凝聚,从而产生超导性。很明显,电阻的消失具有相当大的技术兴趣,但由于需要非常低的温度,这种兴趣大大降低了。元素在铌中的临界温度最高可达约10开尔文,在化合物中可以达到更高的值,但预计不会超过相当于Nb3Ge的23K。然而,1986年,穆勒和贝德诺茨在苏黎世发现了一个临界温度更高的超导体家族,并在稍晚的时候超过了液体的温度
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引用次数: 0
Parcours, pratique théorique et documents scientifiques « privés » du physicien Jacques Solomon 物理学家雅克·所罗门的职业生涯、理论实践和“私人”科学文件
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.105
Martha-Cecilia Bustamante De La Ossa
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum: What is measured when measuring a thermoelectric coefficient? 勘误:测量热电系数时测量的是什么?
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.100
Kamran Behnia
A thermal gradient generates an electric field in any solid hosting mobile electrons. In presence of a finite magnetic field (or Berry curvature) this electric field has a transverse component. These are known as Seebeck and Nernst coefficients. As Callen argued, back in 1948, the Seebeck effect quantifies the entropy carried by a flow of charged particles in absence of thermal gradient. Similarly, the Nernst conductivity, αx y , quantifies the entropy carried by a flow of magnetic flux in absence of thermal gradient. The present paper summarizes a picture in which the rough amplitude of the thermoelectric response is given by fundamental units and material-dependent length scales. Therefore, knowledge of material-dependent length scales allows predicting the amplitude of the signal measured by experiments. Specifically, the Nernst conductivity scales with the square of the mean-free-path in metals. Its anomalous component in magnets scales with the square of the fictitious magnetic length. Ephemeral Cooper pairs in the normal state of a superconductor generate a signal, which scales with the square of the superconducting coherence length and smoothly evolves to the signal produced by mobile vortices below the critical temperature. This article is a draft (not yet accepted!)
热梯度在任何承载移动电子的固体中产生电场。在有限磁场(或贝瑞曲率)存在的情况下,这个电场有一个横向分量。这就是塞贝克系数和能斯特系数。正如卡伦在1948年所说,塞贝克效应量化了带电粒子流在没有热梯度的情况下所携带的熵。类似地,能量电导率αx y量化了没有热梯度的磁通量流所携带的熵。本文总结了一幅图,其中热电响应的粗略振幅由基本单位和材料相关的长度尺度给出。因此,对物质依赖的长度尺度的了解可以预测实验测量的信号的振幅。具体来说,能司特电导率与金属中平均自由程的平方成正比。它在磁体中的异常分量与虚拟磁长的平方成比例。超导体正常状态下的瞬时库珀对产生的信号与超导相干长度的平方成正比,并平滑地演化为低于临界温度的移动涡旋产生的信号。本文是一篇草稿(尚未被接受!)
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引用次数: 0
Chipless labels detection by backscattering for identification and sensing applications 无芯片标签检测的后向散射识别和传感应用
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.95
E. Perret
There is currently a growing interest in the development of communication systems that consume as little energy as possible, with the idea of eliminating the presence of batteries, which are a very polluting component. This is why the principles of communication based on backscatter modulation, or even more simply on backscattering by a device that takes the form of a label, like a barcode, are being studied more and more. In the latter case, the idea is to use the radar signature of this totally passive label, the geometry of the elements printed on it having been specially designed to perform the desired functions. These new systems cannot claim to do the same things as those working with a power supply or a chip, but they may be of interest for certain applications where the reading distances do not exceed one metre. Compared to barcodes, the main advantages are related to the use of RF waves to communicate, which makes it possible to read through certain objects that are opaque to light, or to significantly reduce the acquisition time of identifiers by being able to scan larger reading areas more easily. Résumé. Il existe actuellement un intérêt croissant pour le développement de systèmes de communication consommant le moins d’énergie possible, avec l’idée d’éliminer la présence de batteries, qui sont des composants très polluants. C’est pourquoi on étudie de plus en plus les principes de communication RF basés sur la retro-modulation, ou même plus simplement sur la rétrodiffusion d’une onde par un dispositif qui prend la forme d’une étiquette, comme un code-barres. Dans ce dernier cas, il s’agit d’utiliser la signature radar de cette étiquette totalement passive ; la géométrie des éléments imprimés sur celle-ci ayant été spécialement conçue pour remplir les fonctions souhaitées. Ces nouveaux systèmes ne peuvent prétendre faire les mêmes choses que ceux fonctionnant avec une alimentation ou une puce, mais ils peuvent être intéressants pour certaines applications où les distances de lecture ne dépassent pas un mètre. Par rapport aux code-barres, les principaux avantages sont liés à l’utilisation des ondes RF pour communiquer, ce qui permet de lire à travers certains objets opaques à la lumière ou encore de réduire significativement le temps d’acquisition des identifiants en pouvant balayer plus facilement de plus grandes zones de lecture.
目前,人们对开发尽可能少消耗能源的通信系统越来越感兴趣,其想法是消除电池的存在,电池是一个非常污染的组成部分。这就是为什么基于后向散射调制的通信原理,或者更简单地说,通过采用标签形式的设备(如条形码)进行后向散射的通信原理正在得到越来越多的研究。在后一种情况下,我们的想法是使用这种完全被动标签的雷达特征,其上印刷的元素的几何形状经过专门设计以执行所需的功能。这些新系统不能声称与那些使用电源或芯片工作的系统做同样的事情,但它们可能对某些读取距离不超过一米的应用感兴趣。与条形码相比,其主要优点与使用射频波进行通信有关,这使得通过某些对光线不透明的物体进行读取成为可能,或者通过能够更容易地扫描更大的读取区域来显着减少标识符的获取时间。的简历。将在intérêt牛角面包上存在实际情况,例如,在系统、通信、通信和移动方面,在可能的情况下,在电池、化学成分和污染物方面,都存在实际情况,例如,在电池、化学成分和污染物方面。如果你对通讯的原理进行了分析,那么你就可以对通讯的原理进行分析,你就可以对通讯的原理进行分析,你就可以对通讯的原理进行分析,你就可以对通讯的原理进行分析,你就可以对通讯的原理进行分析。在这两个例子中,将“agit d’utiliser”定义为“特征雷达”。lagsamomsamtrie des samlsamims imprim sams sur cell -ci - ciant samt - spsamcialement conconue pour remplir les功能sohaitsames。这些新系统的新功能可以帮助人们解决一些问题,例如:mêmes选择特定的功能,例如:特定的营养,特定的应用,例如:être在某些应用中,特定的应用可以帮助人们解决一些问题,例如:où新系统的新功能可以帮助人们解决一些问题。在代码壁垒的基础上建立良好的关系,在代码壁垒的基础上建立良好的优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势,在代码壁垒的基础上建立优势。
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引用次数: 0
Foreword: Recent advances in 2D materials Physics 前言:二维材料物理学的最新进展
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.99
J. Coraux, X. Marie
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引用次数: 0
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Comptes Rendus Physique
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