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Novaya Zemlya effect and Fata Morgana. Raytracing in a spherically non-symmetric atmosphere Novaya-Zemlya效应和Fata Morgana。球面非对称大气中的光线跟踪
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.102
Siebren van der Werf
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引用次数: 1
The Lomonossov arc: refraction and scattering in Venus atmosphere during solar transits 罗蒙诺夫弧:太阳凌日期间金星大气层的折射和散射
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.121
S. Koutchmy
: The main observations of 1761 by M. Lomonossov and those that followed are recalled by extending the discussion to other remarkable visual observations of the passages, then with more and more powerful imagers producing images in profusion. The modern treatment of parasitic effects is briefly recalled by focusing on the expert observation of 1761 which has recently been widely commented on and criticized. It included a spurious effect called the "black drop effect". The shell or aureole or atmospheric ring of Venus observed outside the solar disk is considered with reference to the today parameters of the Venus atmosphere. The contacts during the transit are discussed taking into account effects of scattering, absorption and the dominant effects of the refraction at the small angular distances found to be comparable to a fraction of the angular dimension of the planet. Modern observations of the 2004 and the 2012 transit are tentatively discussed to elucidate what is the arc of Lomonossov.
:M.Lomonossov在1761年的主要观察结果以及随后的观察结果,通过将讨论扩展到对段落的其他显著视觉观察来回忆,然后用越来越多强大的成像器产生丰富的图像。通过关注1761年的专家观察,简要回顾了寄生虫效应的现代治疗,该观察最近受到了广泛的评论和批评。它包括一种被称为“黑滴效应”的虚假效应。在太阳盘外观测到的金星的外壳、光环或大气环是参照当今金星大气的参数来考虑的。在讨论凌日期间的接触时,考虑到了散射、吸收的影响以及折射在小角度距离处的主要影响,发现这些小角度距离相当于行星角度尺寸的一小部分。对2004年和2012年凌日的现代观测进行了初步讨论,以阐明什么是罗蒙诺夫弧。
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引用次数: 2
Did Monge really explain inferior mirages? 蒙格真的解释了低等海市蜃楼吗?
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.106
Andrew T. Young
. Gaspard Monge has received undue credit for his observations of mirages in 1798 in Egypt. He did not discover inferior mirages; they were known to sailors before 1687, and the term mirage had entered the French literature in 1753. Monge’s “total reflection” explanation for them was seriously flawed; it had already been considered and rejected by Gruber and by Büsch, and was promptly criticized by others. Yet he continues to be given credit for the first scientific explanation of mirages; and his false total-reflection mechanism survives today in some textbooks. Apparently this is due to its superficial simplicity, which appeals to novices.
. 加斯帕德·蒙日(Gaspard Monge)因1798年在埃及观察到海市蜃楼而受到了不应有的赞誉。他没有发现劣质的海市蜃楼;1687年以前,水手们就知道了它们,而海市蜃楼这个词在1753年才进入法国文学。蒙格对它们的“全面反思”解释存在严重缺陷;它已经被格鲁伯和贝舍考虑并拒绝了,并迅速受到其他人的批评。然而,他仍然被认为是对海市蜃楼的第一个科学解释;他的错误全反射机制在今天的一些教科书中仍然存在。显然,这是由于它表面上的简单,这吸引了新手。
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引用次数: 3
Fluid inclusions in minerals: from geosciences to the physics of water and back 矿物中的流体包裹体:从地球科学到水和背面物理学
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.127
F. Caupin
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引用次数: 0
Superradiant phononic emission from the analog spin ergoregion in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate 双组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中模拟自旋遍历区的超辐射声子发射
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.145
Annalisa Berti, Luca Giacomelli, I. Carusotto
We make use of an analog gravity perspective to obtain a physical understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities stemming from the presence of quantized vortices in two-component atomic condensates and of their relation to ergoregion instabilities of rotating massive objects in gravitation. In addition to the localized instabilities related to vortex splitting, configurations displaying dynamically unstable modes that extend well outside the vortex core are found. In this case, the superradiant scattering process involves phonon emission into the much wider ergoregion of spin modes, so the physics most closely resembles the one of rotating massive objects. Our results confirm the potential of two-component condensates as analog models of rotating space-times in different regimes of gravitational interest.
我们利用模拟引力的视角来获得对双组分原子凝聚体中量子化涡旋的存在所产生的流体动力学不稳定性的物理理解,以及它们与引力中旋转大质量物体的遍历区不稳定性的关系。除了与涡流分裂相关的局部不稳定性外,还发现了显示动态不稳定模式的结构,这些模式延伸到涡流核心之外。在这种情况下,超辐射散射过程涉及到声子发射到更宽的自旋模式遍历区,因此物理学与旋转大质量物体的物理学最为相似。我们的结果证实了双组分冷凝物在不同引力状态下作为旋转时空的模拟模型的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Superfluid transition in quasi-two-dimensional disordered dipolar Fermi gases 准二维无序偶极费米气体中的超流跃迁
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.158
V. Y. Pinchenkova, S. Matveenko, V. Yudson, G. Shlyapnikov
We investigate the effect of weak disorder on the superfluid properties of two-component quasi-two-dimensional dipolar Fermi gases. The dipole-dipole interaction amplitude is momentum dependent, which violates the Anderson theorem claiming that the weak disorder has practically no influence on the superfluid transition temperature in the weakly interacting regime. We find that for dipolar fermions the transition temperature in this regime can be strongly increased by the disorder like in the purely two-dimensional case. However, the effect becomes smaller with increasing the intercomponent fermion-fermion interaction, and in the strongly interacting regime the superfluid transition temperature in the weak disorder becomes very close to that in the absence of disorder.
研究了弱无序对双组分准二维偶极费米气体超流体性质的影响。偶极-偶极相互作用振幅是动量依赖的,这违反了Anderson定理,即弱无序对弱相互作用区超流体转变温度几乎没有影响。我们发现,对于偶极费米子,在这种状态下的转变温度可以像在纯二维情况下那样被无序大大提高。然而,随着费米子-费米子相互作用的增加,这种效应变小,并且在强相互作用下,弱无序状态下的超流体转变温度与无无序状态下的超流体转变温度非常接近。
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引用次数: 0
Photonic topological Anderson insulator in a two-dimensional atomic lattice 二维原子晶格中的光子拓扑Anderson绝缘体
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.147
S. Skipetrov, P. Wulles
Disorder in atomic positions can induce a topologically nontrivial phase - topological Anderson insulator (TAI) - for transverse electric optical quasimodes of a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of immobile atoms. TAI requires both time-reversal and inversion symmetries to be broken to similar extents. It is characterized by a nonzero topological invariant, a reduced density of states and spatially localized quasimodes in the bulk, as well as propagating edge states. A transition from TAI to the topological insulator (TI) phase can take place at a constant value of the topological invariant, showing that TAI and TI represent the same topological phase.
原子位置的无序性可以诱导二维固定原子蜂窝晶格的横向电光学准模的拓扑非平凡相位-拓扑安德森绝缘子(TAI)。TAI要求时间反转和反演对称性都被破坏到相似的程度。它具有非零的拓扑不变量、减少的态密度和体中的空间局域准模,以及传播的边缘态。从TAI到拓扑绝缘子(TI)相的过渡可以在拓扑不变量的恒定值下发生,表明TAI和TI代表相同的拓扑相。
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引用次数: 1
Persistent currents in a strongly interacting multicomponent Bose gas on a ring 环上强相互作用的多组分玻色气体中的持续电流
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.157
Giovanni Pecci, Gianni Aupetit-Diallo, M. Albert, P. Vignolo, A. Minguzzi
We consider a two-component Bose-Bose mixture at strong repulsive interactions in a tightly confining, one-dimensional ring trap and subjected to an artificial gauge field. By employing the Bethe Ansatz exact solution for the many-body wavefunction, we obtain the ground state energy and the persistent currents. For each value of the applied flux, we then determine the symmetry of the state under particles exchange. We find that the ground-state energy and the persistent currents display a reduced periodicity with respect to the case of non-interacting particles, corresponding to reaching states with fractional angular momentum per particle. We relate this effect to the change of symmetry of the ground state under the effect of the artificial gauge field. Our results generalize the ones previously reported for fermionic mixtures with both attractive and repulsive interactions and highlight the role of symmetry in this effect
我们考虑了在严格限制的一维环阱中,在强排斥相互作用下,受到人工规范场作用的双组分玻色-玻色混合物。利用多体波函数的Bethe-Ansatz精确解,我们得到了基态能量和持续电流。对于所施加通量的每个值,我们然后确定粒子交换下状态的对称性。我们发现,相对于非相互作用粒子的情况,基态能量和持续电流显示出降低的周期性,对应于达到每个粒子具有分数角动量的状态。我们将这种效应与在人造规范场作用下基态对称性的变化联系起来。我们的结果推广了先前报道的具有吸引和排斥相互作用的费米子混合物的结果,并强调了对称性在这种效应中的作用
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引用次数: 1
The glass transition in molecules, colloids and grains: universality and specificity 分子、胶体和颗粒中的玻璃化转变:普遍性和特异性
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.155
O. Dauchot, F. Ladieu, C. Royall
We highlight certain key achievements in experimental work on molecular, colloidal and granular glassformers. This short review considers these three classes of experimental systems and focusses largely on the work of the authors and their coworkers and thus is far from exhaustive. Our goal is rather to discuss particular experimental results from these classes and to explore universality and specificity across the broad range of length- and time-scales they span. We emphasize that a variety of phenomena, not least dynamical heterogeneity, growing lengthscales and a change in structure, albeit subtle, are now well established in these three classes of glassformer. We then review some experimental measurements which depend more specifically on the class of glassformer, such as the Gardner transition and some which have been investigated more in one or two classes than in all, such as configurational entropy and evidence for a dynamical phase transition. We finally put forward some open questions and consider what could be done to fill some of the gaps between theoretical approaches and experiments.
我们强调了在分子、胶体和颗粒玻璃形成剂的实验工作中取得的一些关键成就。这篇简短的综述考虑了这三类实验系统,主要集中在作者及其同事的工作上,因此远非详尽无遗。我们的目标是讨论这些类别的特定实验结果,并探索它们在广泛的长度和时间尺度上的普遍性和特异性。我们强调,在这三类玻璃成型机中,各种现象,尤其是动态异质性、生长长度和结构变化,尽管很微妙,但现在已经得到了很好的证实。然后,我们回顾了一些更具体地取决于玻璃形成剂类别的实验测量,如Gardner跃迁,以及一些在一个或两个类别中比在所有类别中研究得更多的测量,如构型熵和动态相变的证据。最后,我们提出了一些悬而未决的问题,并考虑如何填补理论方法和实验之间的一些空白。
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引用次数: 2
Scale Invariance in the Lowest Landau Level 最低朗道水平的尺度不变性
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.5802/crphys.137
J. Hofmann, W. Zwerger
We show that the discrete set of pair amplitudes $A_m$ introduced by Haldane are an angular-momentum resolved generalization of the Tan two-body contact, which parametrizes universal short-range correlations in atomic quantum gases. The pair amplitudes provide a complete description of translation-invariant and rotation-invariant states in the lowest Landau level (LLL), both compressible and incompressible. To leading nontrivial order beyond the non-interacting high-temperature limit, they are determined analytically in terms of the Haldane pseudopotential parameters $V_m$, which provides a qualitative description of the crossover towards incompressible ground states for different filling factors. Moreover, we show that for contact interactions $sim g_2 delta^{(2)}({bf x})$, which are scale invariant at the classical level, the non-commutativity of the guiding center coordinates gives rise to a quantum anomaly in the commutator $i [hat{H}_{rm LLL}, hat{D}_R] = (2 + ell partial_ell) hat{H}_{rm LLL}$ with the dilatation operator $hat{D}_R$ in the LLL, which replaces the trace anomaly in the absence of a magnetic field. The interaction-induced breaking of scale invariance gives rise to a finite frequency shift of the breathing mode in a harmonic trap, which describes transitions between different Landau levels, the strength of which is estimated in terms of the relevant dimensionless coupling constant $tilde{g}_2$.
我们证明了Haldane引入的离散对振幅集$A_m$是Tan两体接触的角动量分辨推广,它参数化了原子量子气体中的普遍短程相关。对振幅提供了最低朗道能级(LLL)的平移不变和旋转不变状态的完整描述,包括可压缩和不可压缩。为了使非平凡序超越非相互作用的高温极限,它们被解析地确定为Haldane伪势参数$V_m$,它提供了对不同填充因子向不可压缩基态交叉的定性描述。此外,我们证明了接触相互作用$sim g_2 delta^{(2)}({bf x})$在经典水平上是尺度不变的,引导中心坐标的非对易性导致了对易子$i [hat{H}_{rm LLL}, hat{D}_R] = (2 + ell partial_ell) hat{H}_{rm LLL}$与LLL中的扩张算子$hat{D}_R$中的量子异常,取代了在没有磁场的情况下的迹异常。相互作用引起的尺度不变性的破坏引起了谐波陷阱中呼吸模式的有限频移,它描述了不同朗道能级之间的转换,其强度根据相关的无量纲耦合常数$tilde{g}_2$进行估计。
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引用次数: 1
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Comptes Rendus Physique
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