Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00626
Jiwon Heo, Kai Zhu, Jun‐Seok Ha, S. Kang
: With the depletion of fossil fuels and the rising global demand for energy, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting presents a promising solution to avert an energy crisis. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), an n - type semiconductor, has gained popularity as a photoanode due to its remarkable PEC properties. Nevertheless, inherent challenges such as a wide band gap (~3.2 eV), charge recombination, and slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates at the surface limit its practical application by constraining light absorption. To overcome these limitations, we have developed TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) using a facile anodization method. This study examines the impact of anodization growth parameters on solar water oxidation performance. Specifically, TiO 2 NTs with modified anodization time (referred to as TiO 2 -6) showed a 3.5-fold increase in photocurrent density compared to the as-grown TiO 2 NTs. Furthermore, electrochemical analyses, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), indicated a significant decrease in charge transfer resistance following the adjustment of on-off anodization time. Additionally, the TiO 2 -6 photoanode demonstrated a higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) than other samples. Therefore, optimal nanostructuring parameters are crucial for enhancing the PEC properties of TiO 2 NTs. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights for fabricating high-quality TiO 2 NTs photoanodes, contributing to developing efficient PEC systems for sustainable energy production.
:随着化石燃料的枯竭和全球对能源需求的不断增长，光电化学（PEC）分水技术为避免能源危机提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案。二氧化钛（TiO 2）是一种 n 型半导体，由于其显著的光电化学特性，已被广泛用作光阳极。然而，其固有的挑战，如宽带隙（~3.2 eV）、电荷重组和表面缓慢的氧进化反应（OER）速率，限制了其对光的吸收，从而限制了其实际应用。为了克服这些限制，我们采用简便的阳极氧化方法开发了 TiO 2 纳米管（NTs）。本研究探讨了阳极氧化生长参数对太阳能水氧化性能的影响。具体来说，阳极氧化时间改变后的 TiO 2 纳米管（称为 TiO 2 -6）的光电流密度比正常生长的 TiO 2 纳米管增加了 3.5 倍。此外，电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等电化学分析表明，调整阳极氧化时间后，电荷转移电阻显著降低。此外，与其他样品相比，TiO 2 -6 光阳极具有更高的电化学活性表面积（ECSA）。因此，最佳的纳米结构参数对于提高 TiO 2 NT 的 PEC 性能至关重要。总之，我们的研究结果为制造高质量的 TiO 2 NTs 光阳极提供了宝贵的见解，有助于为可持续能源生产开发高效的 PEC 系统。
{"title":"Morphological Modulation of TiO2 Nanotube via Optimal Anodization Condition for Solar Water Oxidation","authors":"Jiwon Heo, Kai Zhu, Jun‐Seok Ha, S. Kang","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00626","url":null,"abstract":": With the depletion of fossil fuels and the rising global demand for energy, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting presents a promising solution to avert an energy crisis. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), an n - type semiconductor, has gained popularity as a photoanode due to its remarkable PEC properties. Nevertheless, inherent challenges such as a wide band gap (~3.2 eV), charge recombination, and slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates at the surface limit its practical application by constraining light absorption. To overcome these limitations, we have developed TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) using a facile anodization method. This study examines the impact of anodization growth parameters on solar water oxidation performance. Specifically, TiO 2 NTs with modified anodization time (referred to as TiO 2 -6) showed a 3.5-fold increase in photocurrent density compared to the as-grown TiO 2 NTs. Furthermore, electrochemical analyses, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), indicated a significant decrease in charge transfer resistance following the adjustment of on-off anodization time. Additionally, the TiO 2 -6 photoanode demonstrated a higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) than other samples. Therefore, optimal nanostructuring parameters are crucial for enhancing the PEC properties of TiO 2 NTs. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights for fabricating high-quality TiO 2 NTs photoanodes, contributing to developing efficient PEC systems for sustainable energy production.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00591
Dae Ik Jang, Y. Park
. All-solid-state rechargeable batteries, using nonflammable sulfide-based solid electrolytes, address lithium-ion battery safety issues while enhancing energy density and operating temperature range. However, the electrochemical stability limitations of sulfide electrolytes present challenges to the interface stability, particularly with oxide-based cathodes. The application of a stable coating layer is known to be effective for stabilizing the cathode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In particular, lithium borate is a promising coating material owing to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in controlling interfacial reactions. However, lithium borate exhibits oxide characteristics, leading to a difference in the chemical potential of Li + compared to sulfide electrolytes. This discrepancy results in an uneven distribution of Li + ions at the interface, which hinders Li-ion migration during charge and discharge cycles. To address this issue, a lithium borate-coating layer was modified with sulfur via a gaseous reaction involving sulfur. Sulfur-modified lithium borate is expected to reduce the chemical potential difference of Li + and
.全固态可充电电池使用不易燃的硫化物固体电解质，解决了锂离子电池的安全问题，同时提高了能量密度和工作温度范围。然而，硫化物电解质的电化学稳定性限制给界面稳定性带来了挑战，尤其是在使用氧化物阴极时。众所周知，应用稳定的涂层可有效稳定阴极/硫化物电解质界面。特别是硼酸锂，由于其成本效益高且能有效控制界面反应，因此是一种很有前景的涂层材料。然而，硼酸锂具有氧化物特性，导致 Li + 的化学势与硫化物电解质不同。这种差异导致锂离子在界面上分布不均，从而阻碍了锂离子在充放电循环中的迁移。为了解决这个问题，我们通过涉及硫的气态反应对硼酸锂涂层进行了硫改性。硫改性硼酸锂有望减少锂离子和硼酸锂的化学电位差。
{"title":"Modified Lithium Borate Buffer Layer for Cathode/Sulfide Electrolyte Interface Stabilization","authors":"Dae Ik Jang, Y. Park","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00591","url":null,"abstract":". All-solid-state rechargeable batteries, using nonflammable sulfide-based solid electrolytes, address lithium-ion battery safety issues while enhancing energy density and operating temperature range. However, the electrochemical stability limitations of sulfide electrolytes present challenges to the interface stability, particularly with oxide-based cathodes. The application of a stable coating layer is known to be effective for stabilizing the cathode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In particular, lithium borate is a promising coating material owing to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in controlling interfacial reactions. However, lithium borate exhibits oxide characteristics, leading to a difference in the chemical potential of Li + compared to sulfide electrolytes. This discrepancy results in an uneven distribution of Li + ions at the interface, which hinders Li-ion migration during charge and discharge cycles. To address this issue, a lithium borate-coating layer was modified with sulfur via a gaseous reaction involving sulfur. Sulfur-modified lithium borate is expected to reduce the chemical potential difference of Li + and","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00535
Ohmin Kwon, Se Young Kim, Jinyeon Hwang, Jonghyun Han, Seungho Yu, Taeeun Yim, Si Hyoung Oh
The grave concern on the safety of Li-ion batteries adopted in commercial electrical vehicles pushes an urgent demand for developing safer all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), where ion-conducting solid electrolytes play pivotal roles. Much higher conductivity and more ductile nature of sulfide-based electrolytes offers great advantages over conventional oxide materials in terms of manufacturing process difficulty and the battery performance. However, instability of sulfide materials towards atmospheric moisture results in the substantial degradation in the ionic conductivity and the release of hazardous gas. After over a decade of intensive research, various customized strategies based on the specific design rules were developed for each electrolyte to tackle this crucial issue. However, in most cases a moisture tolerance was endowed only after compromising its vital ionic conductivity to some extent. Nevertheless, the actual applications of sulfide electrolytes to ASSBs often lead to improved battery performance by virtue of the interfacial stabilization between oxide-based cathode materials and sulfide-based solid electrolytes. Therefore, it is essential to fully comprehend the critical factors of each atmospheric stabilization technology that potentially affects the eventual battery performance. Herein, we go over the current status of state-of-the-art moisture-stabilizing technologies for each sulfide-based solid electrolyte, summarizing the major effect of each technology on the various aspect of the electrochemical performance upon application. We believe that this review will contribute to achieving effective moisture-stabilization of sulfide-based solid electrolytes, catalyzing the successful commercialization of sulfide-based ASSBs.
{"title":"Design principles for moisture-tolerant sulfide-based solid electrolytes and associated effect on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state battery","authors":"Ohmin Kwon, Se Young Kim, Jinyeon Hwang, Jonghyun Han, Seungho Yu, Taeeun Yim, Si Hyoung Oh","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00535","url":null,"abstract":"The grave concern on the safety of Li-ion batteries adopted in commercial electrical vehicles pushes an urgent demand for developing safer all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), where ion-conducting solid electrolytes play pivotal roles. Much higher conductivity and more ductile nature of sulfide-based electrolytes offers great advantages over conventional oxide materials in terms of manufacturing process difficulty and the battery performance. However, instability of sulfide materials towards atmospheric moisture results in the substantial degradation in the ionic conductivity and the release of hazardous gas. After over a decade of intensive research, various customized strategies based on the specific design rules were developed for each electrolyte to tackle this crucial issue. However, in most cases a moisture tolerance was endowed only after compromising its vital ionic conductivity to some extent. Nevertheless, the actual applications of sulfide electrolytes to ASSBs often lead to improved battery performance by virtue of the interfacial stabilization between oxide-based cathode materials and sulfide-based solid electrolytes. Therefore, it is essential to fully comprehend the critical factors of each atmospheric stabilization technology that potentially affects the eventual battery performance. Herein, we go over the current status of state-of-the-art moisture-stabilizing technologies for each sulfide-based solid electrolyte, summarizing the major effect of each technology on the various aspect of the electrochemical performance upon application. We believe that this review will contribute to achieving effective moisture-stabilization of sulfide-based solid electrolytes, catalyzing the successful commercialization of sulfide-based ASSBs.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00374
Do-Young Go, Ha Young Kim, Keeyoung Jung, Sungki Lim
{"title":"Reuse of the surrounding powder used as a Na-source in the fabrication of sodium-beta–alumina solid electrolyte by vapor-phase conversion method","authors":"Do-Young Go, Ha Young Kim, Keeyoung Jung, Sungki Lim","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00416
Tae-Young Ahn, Eunji Yoo, Dongkyu Kim, Jae-Seong Yeo, Junghun Lee, Miseon Park, Wonjun Ahn, Hyeyoung g Shin, Yusong g Choi
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are key to modern society, but they pose safety risks because of thermal runaway and ignition. In this study, we explored the use of hybrid aqueous electrolytes to enhance the safety and performance of Li-ion batteries, focusing on the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ; LTO) electrodes. To achieve this, we employed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze the microstructure and stability of the SEI layer. Further, we prepared LTO and LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) electrodes, assembled full cells with hybrid aqueous electrolytes, and carried out electrochemical testing. The HRTEM analysis revealed the epitaxial growth of a LiF SEI layer on the LTO electrode, which has a coherent lattice structure that enhances electrochemical stability. The DFT calculations confirmed the energetic favorability of the LiF-LTO interface, indicating strong adhesion and potential for epitaxial growth. The full cell demonstrated excellent discharge performance, showing a notable improvement in coulombic efficiency after the initial cycle and sustained capacity over 100 cycles. Notably, the formation of a dense, crystalline LiF SEI layer on the LTO electrode is crucial for preventing continuous side reactions and maintaining mechanical stability during cycling. The experimental results, supported by the DFT results, highlight the importance of the orientational relationship between the SEI and the electrode in improving battery performance. The integration of experimental techniques and computational simulations has led to the development of an LTO/LMO full cell with enhanced discharge capabilities and stability. The study provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the SEI layer and its impact on battery performance, demonstrating the potential of hybrid aqueous electrolytes in advancing lithium-ion battery technology. The findings affirm the viability of this approach for optimizing next-generation Li-ion batteries, which can promote the development of safer and more reliable energy storage solutions.
锂离子（Li-ion）电池是现代社会的关键所在，但由于热失控和起火，它们会带来安全风险。在这项研究中，我们探索了如何使用混合水电解质来提高锂离子电池的安全性和性能，重点研究了在钛酸锂（Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ; LTO）电极上形成的固体-电解质界面（SEI）。为此，我们采用高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算来分析 SEI 层的微观结构和稳定性。此外，我们还制备了 LTO 和 LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) 电极，用混合水性电解质组装了完整的电池，并进行了电化学测试。HRTEM 分析表明，在 LTO 电极上外延生长了 LiF SEI 层，该层具有连贯的晶格结构，可增强电化学稳定性。DFT 计算证实了 LiF-LTO 界面的能量有利性，表明其具有很强的附着力和外延生长潜力。完整的电池表现出卓越的放电性能，在初始循环后库仑效率显著提高，并在 100 次循环后仍能保持容量。值得注意的是，在 LTO 电极上形成致密、结晶的 LiF SEI 层对于防止持续的副反应以及在循环过程中保持机械稳定性至关重要。在 DFT 结果的支持下，实验结果凸显了 SEI 与电极之间的取向关系对提高电池性能的重要性。实验技术与计算模拟的结合，开发出了具有更强放电能力和稳定性的 LTO/LMO 全电池。该研究深入探讨了 SEI 层的生长机制及其对电池性能的影响，展示了混合水性电解质在推动锂离子电池技术发展方面的潜力。研究结果肯定了这种方法在优化下一代锂离子电池方面的可行性，可促进更安全、更可靠的储能解决方案的开发。
{"title":"Orientational Relationship Between the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase and Li4Ti5O12 Electrode in Hybrid Aqueous Electrolytes","authors":"Tae-Young Ahn, Eunji Yoo, Dongkyu Kim, Jae-Seong Yeo, Junghun Lee, Miseon Park, Wonjun Ahn, Hyeyoung g Shin, Yusong g Choi","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00416","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are key to modern society, but they pose safety risks because of thermal runaway and ignition. In this study, we explored the use of hybrid aqueous electrolytes to enhance the safety and performance of Li-ion batteries, focusing on the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ; LTO) electrodes. To achieve this, we employed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze the microstructure and stability of the SEI layer. Further, we prepared LTO and LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) electrodes, assembled full cells with hybrid aqueous electrolytes, and carried out electrochemical testing. The HRTEM analysis revealed the epitaxial growth of a LiF SEI layer on the LTO electrode, which has a coherent lattice structure that enhances electrochemical stability. The DFT calculations confirmed the energetic favorability of the LiF-LTO interface, indicating strong adhesion and potential for epitaxial growth. The full cell demonstrated excellent discharge performance, showing a notable improvement in coulombic efficiency after the initial cycle and sustained capacity over 100 cycles. Notably, the formation of a dense, crystalline LiF SEI layer on the LTO electrode is crucial for preventing continuous side reactions and maintaining mechanical stability during cycling. The experimental results, supported by the DFT results, highlight the importance of the orientational relationship between the SEI and the electrode in improving battery performance. The integration of experimental techniques and computational simulations has led to the development of an LTO/LMO full cell with enhanced discharge capabilities and stability. The study provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the SEI layer and its impact on battery performance, demonstrating the potential of hybrid aqueous electrolytes in advancing lithium-ion battery technology. The findings affirm the viability of this approach for optimizing next-generation Li-ion batteries, which can promote the development of safer and more reliable energy storage solutions.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"71 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00017
Fitria Rahmawati, Ainaya Febi Amalia, Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri, Jun Nakamura, Younki Lee
This research used solid waste from sugarcane production, named bagasse, as raw material for a functional carbon electrode. The bagasse was carbonized to produce carbon powder and, following activation with water vapor at 700 o C. The activated carbon was doped with N and S to improve its electrochemical properties by treating it with thiourea precursor and heating it at 850 o C under nitrogen flow to produce N/S doped-carbon (NSCE). The produced carbon was then characterized to understand the specific diffraction pattern, molecular vibrations, and surface morphology. The result found that the NSCE showed two broad diffraction peaks at 23 o and 43 o , corresponding to [002] and [100] crystal planes following JCPDS75-1621. FTIR spectra showed some O-H, C-H, C-O, and C=C peaks. Peaks of C=N, C-N, and S-H demonstrate the presence of N/S within the NSCE. Raman analysis revealed that N/S doping caused structure defects within the single C6 layer networks, providing carbon vacancies ( 𝑉 𝐶 •••• ) because of C replacement by N ( 𝑁 𝐶 ) and S ( 𝑆 𝐶 ). Meanwhile, XPS analysis showed N/S introduction to the C network by revealing peaks at 168.26 eV and 169.55 eV, corresponding to S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 , and 171. 95 eV corresponds to C-SO 3 -C, indicating the presence of S within the thiol group attached to the carbon. Meanwhile, N1s are revealed at 402.4 eV and 405.5 eV, confirming pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) and quaternary nitrogen (N-Q). The electrochemical analysis found that the reaction within the prepared-NSCE/NaClO 4 /Na was reversible, with an onset potential of 0.1 V vs. Na/Na + , explaining the intercalation and deintercalation of sodium ions. The sodium battery full cell showed an excellent battery performance with an initial charging-discharging capacity of 720 mAh/g and 570 mAh/g, respectively, at 0.2C. Meanwhile, a cycling test showed the average Coulombic Efficiency of 84.4 % and capacity retention of 57 % after 50 cycles.
这项研究利用甘蔗生产过程中产生的固体废弃物甘蔗渣作为功能碳电极的原材料。将甘蔗渣碳化制成碳粉，然后在 700 摄氏度下用水蒸气活化。用硫脲前体处理活性碳，并在氮气流下于 850 摄氏度加热，生成 N/S 掺杂碳（NSCE），从而掺杂 N 和 S 以改善其电化学特性。然后对制备的碳进行表征，以了解其特定的衍射图样、分子振动和表面形貌。结果发现，NSCE 在 23 o 和 43 o 处出现了两个宽衍射峰，分别对应于 JCPDS75-1621 中的 [002] 和 [100] 晶面。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示出一些 O-H、C-H、C-O 和 C=C 峰。C=N、C-N 和 S-H 峰表明 NSCE 中存在 N/S。拉曼分析表明，N/S 掺杂会导致单个 C6 层网络结构缺陷，由于 C 被 N（𝑁 𝐶 ）和 S（𝑆 𝐶 ）取代，从而产生碳空位（𝑉 𝐶 ----）。同时，XPS 分析表明，在 168.26 eV 和 169.55 eV 的峰值（对应于 S2p 3/2 和 S2p 1/2 ）和 171.95 eV 对应于 C-SO 3 -C，表明碳上连接的硫醇基团中存在 S。同时，在 402.4 eV 和 405.5 eV 处出现了 N1s，证实了吡咯烷酮氮（N-5）和季氮（N-Q）的存在。电化学分析发现，制备的 NSCE/NaClO 4 /Na 内的反应是可逆的，对 Na/Na + 的起始电位为 0.1 V，解释了钠离子的插层和脱插层。钠电池全电池在 0.2C 下的初始充放电容量分别为 720 mAh/g 和 570 mAh/g，显示出优异的电池性能。同时，循环测试表明，经过 50 次循环后，平均库仑效率为 84.4%，容量保持率为 57%。
{"title":"A Functional N/S doped-Carbon Electrode from a Carbonized Bagasse Activated with Water Vapor","authors":"Fitria Rahmawati, Ainaya Febi Amalia, Arikasuci Fitonna Ridassepri, Jun Nakamura, Younki Lee","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00017","url":null,"abstract":"This research used solid waste from sugarcane production, named bagasse, as raw material for a functional carbon electrode. The bagasse was carbonized to produce carbon powder and, following activation with water vapor at 700 o C. The activated carbon was doped with N and S to improve its electrochemical properties by treating it with thiourea precursor and heating it at 850 o C under nitrogen flow to produce N/S doped-carbon (NSCE). The produced carbon was then characterized to understand the specific diffraction pattern, molecular vibrations, and surface morphology. The result found that the NSCE showed two broad diffraction peaks at 23 o and 43 o , corresponding to [002] and [100] crystal planes following JCPDS75-1621. FTIR spectra showed some O-H, C-H, C-O, and C=C peaks. Peaks of C=N, C-N, and S-H demonstrate the presence of N/S within the NSCE. Raman analysis revealed that N/S doping caused structure defects within the single C6 layer networks, providing carbon vacancies ( 𝑉 𝐶 •••• ) because of C replacement by N ( 𝑁 𝐶 ) and S ( 𝑆 𝐶 ). Meanwhile, XPS analysis showed N/S introduction to the C network by revealing peaks at 168.26 eV and 169.55 eV, corresponding to S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 , and 171. 95 eV corresponds to C-SO 3 -C, indicating the presence of S within the thiol group attached to the carbon. Meanwhile, N1s are revealed at 402.4 eV and 405.5 eV, confirming pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) and quaternary nitrogen (N-Q). The electrochemical analysis found that the reaction within the prepared-NSCE/NaClO 4 /Na was reversible, with an onset potential of 0.1 V vs. Na/Na + , explaining the intercalation and deintercalation of sodium ions. The sodium battery full cell showed an excellent battery performance with an initial charging-discharging capacity of 720 mAh/g and 570 mAh/g, respectively, at 0.2C. Meanwhile, a cycling test showed the average Coulombic Efficiency of 84.4 % and capacity retention of 57 % after 50 cycles.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00318
Hyeonsu Je, Byoung-Yong Chang
Here we introduce a new method for characterizing the constant phase element (CPE) in electrochemical systems using cyclic voltammetry (CV), presenting an alternative to the conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approach. While CV is recognized for its diagnostic capabilities in electrochemical analysis, it traditionally encounters difficulties in accurately measuring CPE systems due to a lack of clear linearity with scan rates, unlike capacitors. Our research demonstrates a linear relationship between current and scan rate on a log-log plot, enabling the calculation of n and Y 0 values for CPE from the slopes of these linear relationships. For validation of our method, it is applied to two kinds of capacitors and the results agree with those measured by EIS. Although EIS is known to be accurate in measuring CPE systems, our alternative approach offers a
在此，我们介绍一种利用循环伏安法（CV）表征电化学系统中恒相元件（CPE）的新方法，它是传统电化学阻抗光谱法（EIS）的替代方法。循环伏安法因其在电化学分析中的诊断能力而得到认可，但与电容器不同的是，循环伏安法在准确测量 CPE 系统时通常会遇到困难，因为它与扫描速率之间缺乏明显的线性关系。我们的研究在对数-对数图上展示了电流与扫描速率之间的线性关系，从而可以根据这些线性关系的斜率计算出 CPE 的 n 值和 Y 0 值。为了验证我们的方法，我们将其应用于两种电容器，结果与 EIS 测量的结果一致。虽然 EIS 在测量 CPE 系统方面的准确性是众所周知的，但我们的替代方法提供了一个
{"title":"Voltammetry of Constant Phase Elements: Analyzing Scan Rate Effects","authors":"Hyeonsu Je, Byoung-Yong Chang","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00318","url":null,"abstract":"Here we introduce a new method for characterizing the constant phase element (CPE) in electrochemical systems using cyclic voltammetry (CV), presenting an alternative to the conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approach. While CV is recognized for its diagnostic capabilities in electrochemical analysis, it traditionally encounters difficulties in accurately measuring CPE systems due to a lack of clear linearity with scan rates, unlike capacitors. Our research demonstrates a linear relationship between current and scan rate on a log-log plot, enabling the calculation of n and Y 0 values for CPE from the slopes of these linear relationships. For validation of our method, it is applied to two kinds of capacitors and the results agree with those measured by EIS. Although EIS is known to be accurate in measuring CPE systems, our alternative approach offers a","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00241
Dong Hyun Kim, Juhyung Lee, Kyungseop Shin, Kwang-Bum Kim, Kyung Yoon Chung
Lithium - ion batteries are widely used in many applications due to their high energy density, high efficiency, and excellent cycle ability. Once an unknown Li - ion battery is reusable, it is important to measure its lifetime and state of health. The most favorable measurement method is the cycle test, which is accurate but time - and capacity - consuming. In this study, instead of a cycle test, we present an empirical model based on the C - rate test to understand the state of health of the battery in a short time. As a result, we show that the partially accelerated charge/discharge condition of the Li - ion battery is highly effective for the degradation of battery capacity, even when half of the charge/discharge conditions are the same. This observation provides a measurable method for predicting battery reuse and future capacity degradation.
锂离子电池因其高能量密度、高效率和出色的循环能力而被广泛应用于许多领域。一旦未知锂离子电池可以重复使用，就必须测量其使用寿命和健康状况。最常用的测量方法是循环测试，这种方法虽然准确，但耗时耗力。在本研究中，我们提出了一个基于 C 率测试的经验模型来代替循环测试，以便在短时间内了解电池的健康状况。结果表明，即使一半的充放电条件相同，锂离子电池的部分加速充放电条件对电池容量的衰减也非常有效。这一观察结果为预测电池重复使用和未来容量衰减提供了一种可测量的方法。
{"title":"Empirical Capacity Degradation Model for a Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Various C-Rate Charging Conditions","authors":"Dong Hyun Kim, Juhyung Lee, Kyungseop Shin, Kwang-Bum Kim, Kyung Yoon Chung","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00241","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium - ion batteries are widely used in many applications due to their high energy density, high efficiency, and excellent cycle ability. Once an unknown Li - ion battery is reusable, it is important to measure its lifetime and state of health. The most favorable measurement method is the cycle test, which is accurate but time - and capacity - consuming. In this study, instead of a cycle test, we present an empirical model based on the C - rate test to understand the state of health of the battery in a short time. As a result, we show that the partially accelerated charge/discharge condition of the Li - ion battery is highly effective for the degradation of battery capacity, even when half of the charge/discharge conditions are the same. This observation provides a measurable method for predicting battery reuse and future capacity degradation.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00262
Il-Su Park, Jae-Keun Hwang, Yongseok Jun, Donghwan Kim
Ru dye (Z-907) is a crucial photosensitizing material in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To enhance the utilization of Ru dye’s photosensitizing properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells, a method was developed to synthesize phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticles that are chemically linked to Ru dye. PCBM contains a methoxy (-OCH 3 ) group, whereas Ru dye incorporates a carboxyl group (-COOH) within its molecular structure. By exploiting these complementary functional groups, a successful bond between Ru dye and PCBM was established through an anhydride functional group. The coupling of PCBM with Ru dye results in a modification of the energy levels, yielding lower LUMO (3.8 eV) and HOMO (6.1 eV) levels, compared with the LUMO (3.0 eV) and HOMO (5.2 eV) levels of Ru dye alone. This configuration potentially facilitates efficient electron transfer from Ru dye to PCBM, alongside promoting hole transfer from Ru dye to the conducting polymer. Consequently, the bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating this Ru dye-PCBM
{"title":"Bulk heterojunction solar cell using Ru dye attached PCBM","authors":"Il-Su Park, Jae-Keun Hwang, Yongseok Jun, Donghwan Kim","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00262","url":null,"abstract":"Ru dye (Z-907) is a crucial photosensitizing material in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To enhance the utilization of Ru dye’s photosensitizing properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells, a method was developed to synthesize phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticles that are chemically linked to Ru dye. PCBM contains a methoxy (-OCH 3 ) group, whereas Ru dye incorporates a carboxyl group (-COOH) within its molecular structure. By exploiting these complementary functional groups, a successful bond between Ru dye and PCBM was established through an anhydride functional group. The coupling of PCBM with Ru dye results in a modification of the energy levels, yielding lower LUMO (3.8 eV) and HOMO (6.1 eV) levels, compared with the LUMO (3.0 eV) and HOMO (5.2 eV) levels of Ru dye alone. This configuration potentially facilitates efficient electron transfer from Ru dye to PCBM, alongside promoting hole transfer from Ru dye to the conducting polymer. Consequently, the bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating this Ru dye-PCBM","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2024.00024
M. R. Abdul Karim, Waseem Shehzad, Khurram Imran Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Yousaf Haroon
Transition metal compounds (TMCs) are being researched as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices (supercapacitors). Among TMCs, transition metal phosphates (TMPs) have good, layered structures owing to open framework and protonic exchange capability among different layers, good surface area due to engrossed porosity, rich active redox reaction sites owing to octahedral structure and variable valance metallic ions. Hence TMPs become more ideal for supercapacitor electrode materials compared to other TMCs. However, TMPs have got some issues like low conductivity, rate performance, stability, energy, and power densities. But these problems can be addressed by making their composites with carbonaceous materials e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon (GC) etc. A few factors like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity of carbon materials and variable valence metal ions in TMPs caused great enhancement in their electrochemical performance. This article tries to discuss and compare the published data, majorly in last decade, regarding the electrochemical energy storage potential of pristine unary, binary, and ternary TMPs and their hybrid composites with carbonaceous materials (CNTs, GOs/rGOs/, GC etc.). The electrochemical performance of the hybrids has been reported to be higher than the pristine counterparts. It is hoped that the current review will open a new gateway to study and explore the high performance TMPs based supercapacitor materials.
{"title":"Elucidating electrochemical energy storage performance of unary, binary, and ternary transition metal phosphates and their composites with carbonaceous materials for supercapacitor applications","authors":"M. R. Abdul Karim, Waseem Shehzad, Khurram Imran Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Yousaf Haroon","doi":"10.33961/jecst.2024.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2024.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal compounds (TMCs) are being researched as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices (supercapacitors). Among TMCs, transition metal phosphates (TMPs) have good, layered structures owing to open framework and protonic exchange capability among different layers, good surface area due to engrossed porosity, rich active redox reaction sites owing to octahedral structure and variable valance metallic ions. Hence TMPs become more ideal for supercapacitor electrode materials compared to other TMCs. However, TMPs have got some issues like low conductivity, rate performance, stability, energy, and power densities. But these problems can be addressed by making their composites with carbonaceous materials e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon (GC) etc. A few factors like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity of carbon materials and variable valence metal ions in TMPs caused great enhancement in their electrochemical performance. This article tries to discuss and compare the published data, majorly in last decade, regarding the electrochemical energy storage potential of pristine unary, binary, and ternary TMPs and their hybrid composites with carbonaceous materials (CNTs, GOs/rGOs/, GC etc.). The electrochemical performance of the hybrids has been reported to be higher than the pristine counterparts. It is hoped that the current review will open a new gateway to study and explore the high performance TMPs based supercapacitor materials.","PeriodicalId":506716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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