Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1271-1280
Ahmed Fotouh, D. Abdel-Maguid, Maha Abdelhaseib, R. S. Zaki, Marwa Darweish
Background and Aim: The importance of monitoring antimicrobial residues in food is underlined by increasing worries about food safety and public health. The potential toxicity of azithromycin (Az) on broilers and its impact on chicken meat residues require further investigation. This study assesses Az’s toxicity effects and associated risks in broiler chickens through evaluation. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty chicks were distributed into four equal groups randomly. Each group received different daily oral doses of Az: 200 mg/kg for Az1, 100 mg/kg for Az2, and 50 mg/kg for Az3. The FAz group was given plain water. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure Az residue levels in muscle and liver. Oxidative markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]), liver and kidney function tests, and histopathological examination were conducted. Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased in Az1 and Az2 groups from 8 h to 3 days and decreased slightly in Az2 by 7 days, while they remained normal in Az3. The levels of uric acid and creatine in the Az1 and Az2 groups increased from 8 h to 3 days and subsequently decreased in Az2 by the 7th day. Az1 group showed the highest increase in MDA levels within 7 days. With higher Az doses, SOD and CAT levels showed a more significant decrease post-treatment. 9.1 μg/kg Az1 liver had the highest residues, whereas none were detected in muscle. Conclusion: At higher doses, Az caused significant liver and kidney damage, whereas lower doses had negligible effects. Muscle tissue contains fewer Az residues than liver. Assessing risks and ensuring compliance with regulations necessitate constant surveillance of Az residues in food. The health implications and risk management insights necessitate further investigation into the long-term effects of Az residues. Keywords: antibiotic residues, azithromycin, broiler chicken, liver functions, oxidative stress.
{"title":"Pathological and pharmacovigilance monitoring as toxicological imputations of azithromycin and its residues in broilers","authors":"Ahmed Fotouh, D. Abdel-Maguid, Maha Abdelhaseib, R. S. Zaki, Marwa Darweish","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.1271-1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1271-1280","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The importance of monitoring antimicrobial residues in food is underlined by increasing worries about food safety and public health. The potential toxicity of azithromycin (Az) on broilers and its impact on chicken meat residues require further investigation. This study assesses Az’s toxicity effects and associated risks in broiler chickens through evaluation. \u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty chicks were distributed into four equal groups randomly. Each group received different daily oral doses of Az: 200 mg/kg for Az1, 100 mg/kg for Az2, and 50 mg/kg for Az3. The FAz group was given plain water. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure Az residue levels in muscle and liver. Oxidative markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]), liver and kidney function tests, and histopathological examination were conducted. \u0000\u0000Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased in Az1 and Az2 groups from 8 h to 3 days and decreased slightly in Az2 by 7 days, while they remained normal in Az3. The levels of uric acid and creatine in the Az1 and Az2 groups increased from 8 h to 3 days and subsequently decreased in Az2 by the 7th day. Az1 group showed the highest increase in MDA levels within 7 days. With higher Az doses, SOD and CAT levels showed a more significant decrease post-treatment. 9.1 μg/kg Az1 liver had the highest residues, whereas none were detected in muscle. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: At higher doses, Az caused significant liver and kidney damage, whereas lower doses had negligible effects. Muscle tissue contains fewer Az residues than liver. Assessing risks and ensuring compliance with regulations necessitate constant surveillance of Az residues in food. The health implications and risk management insights necessitate further investigation into the long-term effects of Az residues. \u0000\u0000Keywords: antibiotic residues, azithromycin, broiler chicken, liver functions, oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1259-1264
R. Darwish, Ali H. Salama
Background and Aim: Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a serious health threat. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of peptide KW-23 against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and its potential for enhancing the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Materials and Methods: KW-23 was synthesized from nine amino acids, specifically three tryptophans and three lysines. The purity of the substance was analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptide was identified through mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of KW-23 in combination with conventional antibiotics against control and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were determined utilizing broth microdilution. The erythrocyte hemolytic assay was used to measure toxicity. The KW-23 effect was analyzed using the time-kill curve. Results: The peptide exhibited strong antibacterial activity against control and multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with MICs of 4.5 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL, respectively. At higher concentration of 100 μg/mL, KW-23 exhibited a low hemolytic impact, causing no more than 3% damage to red blood. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates KW-23’s safety, while the time-kill curve highlights its rapid and sustained antibacterial activity. The combination of KW-23 and gentamicin exhibited synergistic activity against both susceptible and resistant P. aeruginosa, with fractional inhibitory concentration index values of 0.07 and 0.27, respectively. Conclusion: The KW-23 synthesized in the laboratory significantly combats antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa. Due to its strong antibacterial properties and low toxicity to cells, KW-23 is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, peptides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, synergism.
{"title":"Developing antibacterial peptides as a promising therapy for combating antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","authors":"R. Darwish, Ali H. Salama","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.1259-1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1259-1264","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a serious health threat. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of peptide KW-23 against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and its potential for enhancing the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. \u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: KW-23 was synthesized from nine amino acids, specifically three tryptophans and three lysines. The purity of the substance was analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptide was identified through mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of KW-23 in combination with conventional antibiotics against control and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were determined utilizing broth microdilution. The erythrocyte hemolytic assay was used to measure toxicity. The KW-23 effect was analyzed using the time-kill curve. \u0000\u0000Results: The peptide exhibited strong antibacterial activity against control and multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with MICs of 4.5 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL, respectively. At higher concentration of 100 μg/mL, KW-23 exhibited a low hemolytic impact, causing no more than 3% damage to red blood. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates KW-23’s safety, while the time-kill curve highlights its rapid and sustained antibacterial activity. The combination of KW-23 and gentamicin exhibited synergistic activity against both susceptible and resistant P. aeruginosa, with fractional inhibitory concentration index values of 0.07 and 0.27, respectively. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: The KW-23 synthesized in the laboratory significantly combats antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa. Due to its strong antibacterial properties and low toxicity to cells, KW-23 is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. \u0000\u0000Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, peptides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, synergism.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Movement activity sensors are known for their potential to boost the reproductive performance of dairy cows. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these sensors on three Thai dairy farms (MK, NF, and CC), each using different sensor brands. We focused on reproductive performance at these farms and expanded our evaluation to include farmer satisfaction with sensor technology on five farms (MK, NF, CC, AP, and IP), allowing for a thorough analysis of both operational outcomes and user feedback. Materials and Methods: A total of 298 lactation records and interviewing five experienced farm owners with over a year of sensor usage were our research methods. To measure the effect on the first service timing and post-parturition pregnancy rates, Cox regression models were utilized for sensor usage. Results: Biosensors’ implementation enhanced data precision while quickening the first service within 100 days and pregnancy within 200 days. The MK and NF farms showed significant progress. Within 100 and 200 days post-implementation, the overall improvement was 30%–34% in the first service rate and 39%–67% in the conception rate across all assessed farms. Farmers acknowledged improved reproductive performance from the sensors, overcoming language barriers. Conclusion: The study highlighted the advantages of using movement activity sensors in enhancing both cattle reproductive success and farmers’ satisfaction on Thai dairy farms. These sensors led to more accurate management decisions, increasing overall farm productivity. Keywords: dairy cattle, movement activity sensors, reproductive performance.
{"title":"Smart sensors in Thai dairy reproduction: A case study","authors":"Jirayus Kaewbang, Jidapa Lohanawakul, Napat Ketnuam, Kachapas Prapakornmano, Pongsanan Khamta, Aqeel Raza, T. Swangchan-Uthai, Davids Makararpong, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.1251-1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1251-1258","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Movement activity sensors are known for their potential to boost the reproductive performance of dairy cows. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these sensors on three Thai dairy farms (MK, NF, and CC), each using different sensor brands. We focused on reproductive performance at these farms and expanded our evaluation to include farmer satisfaction with sensor technology on five farms (MK, NF, CC, AP, and IP), allowing for a thorough analysis of both operational outcomes and user feedback. \u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 298 lactation records and interviewing five experienced farm owners with over a year of sensor usage were our research methods. To measure the effect on the first service timing and post-parturition pregnancy rates, Cox regression models were utilized for sensor usage. \u0000\u0000Results: Biosensors’ implementation enhanced data precision while quickening the first service within 100 days and pregnancy within 200 days. The MK and NF farms showed significant progress. Within 100 and 200 days post-implementation, the overall improvement was 30%–34% in the first service rate and 39%–67% in the conception rate across all assessed farms. Farmers acknowledged improved reproductive performance from the sensors, overcoming language barriers. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: The study highlighted the advantages of using movement activity sensors in enhancing both cattle reproductive success and farmers’ satisfaction on Thai dairy farms. These sensors led to more accurate management decisions, increasing overall farm productivity. \u0000\u0000Keywords: dairy cattle, movement activity sensors, reproductive performance.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1291-1298
E. Prasetyo, Efi Rokana, Z. A. Baihaqi, Samudi Samudi
Background and Aim: The continuous use of anthelmintic drugs has led to global issues of resistance. One breakthrough to address this problem is the utilization of bio-anthelmintics derived from active compounds in agro-industrial waste. This in vivo study investigated the effectiveness of Podang mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit peel waste extract for anthelmintic purposes, using concentrations up to 5%. Materials and Methods: This study included 28 Etawa crossbred goats aged 17 months. Goats were randomly assigned to four groups: A negative control, an aqueous fruit peel extract (AFPE) group at 2.5%, another AFPE group at 5%, and a positive control receiving ivermectin. Goats chosen had egg per gram (EPG) counts surpassing 1000 before exposure to Haemonchus contortus. For 7 days within a 9-week study, AFPE from Podang mangoes was given. On the 7th day, the positive control group was administered ivermectin. AFPE dosage relied on the average abomasum fluid per kilogram of animal weight. The feeding regimen consisted of concentrate and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott is customized for the nutritional needs of livestock. Data on feed consumption, digestibility, average daily gain, percentage reduction in fecal egg count, body condition score, and clinical parameters were collected throughout the study. Results: At higher treatment levels (AFPE), there was a greater reduction in both EPG and fecal egg counts. The expected and normal ranges were maintained for consumption and digestibility. While body weight increased, FAMACHA parameters showed a decrease. Compared to the negative control group, substantial disparities (p < 0.05) existed for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit in both the positive control and the treatment groups. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicative of liver and kidney health, were within normal ranges. Conclusion: At a concentration of up to 5%, Podang mango waste extract (AFPE) can function as a substitute for traditional helminth medicines or bio-anthelmintics in goats, enhancing their production. Keywords: anthelmintic, feed additive, gastrointestinal helminth infection, goat, Haemonchus contortus, Mangifera indica L.
{"title":"Anthelmintic effects of Podang mango (Mangifera indica) fruit peel waste extract through in vivo application on Indonesian Etawa goat production and health","authors":"E. Prasetyo, Efi Rokana, Z. A. Baihaqi, Samudi Samudi","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.1291-1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1291-1298","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The continuous use of anthelmintic drugs has led to global issues of resistance. One breakthrough to address this problem is the utilization of bio-anthelmintics derived from active compounds in agro-industrial waste. This in vivo study investigated the effectiveness of Podang mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit peel waste extract for anthelmintic purposes, using concentrations up to 5%. \u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: This study included 28 Etawa crossbred goats aged 17 months. Goats were randomly assigned to four groups: A negative control, an aqueous fruit peel extract (AFPE) group at 2.5%, another AFPE group at 5%, and a positive control receiving ivermectin. Goats chosen had egg per gram (EPG) counts surpassing 1000 before exposure to Haemonchus contortus. For 7 days within a 9-week study, AFPE from Podang mangoes was given. On the 7th day, the positive control group was administered ivermectin. AFPE dosage relied on the average abomasum fluid per kilogram of animal weight. The feeding regimen consisted of concentrate and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott is customized for the nutritional needs of livestock. Data on feed consumption, digestibility, average daily gain, percentage reduction in fecal egg count, body condition score, and clinical parameters were collected throughout the study. \u0000\u0000Results: At higher treatment levels (AFPE), there was a greater reduction in both EPG and fecal egg counts. The expected and normal ranges were maintained for consumption and digestibility. While body weight increased, FAMACHA parameters showed a decrease. Compared to the negative control group, substantial disparities (p < 0.05) existed for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit in both the positive control and the treatment groups. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicative of liver and kidney health, were within normal ranges. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: At a concentration of up to 5%, Podang mango waste extract (AFPE) can function as a substitute for traditional helminth medicines or bio-anthelmintics in goats, enhancing their production. \u0000\u0000Keywords: anthelmintic, feed additive, gastrointestinal helminth infection, goat, Haemonchus contortus, Mangifera indica L.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.763-770
R. Uakhit, S. Yalysheva, Aida Abdybekova, A. Smagulova, L. Lider, Karina Jazina, Aidana Tautanova, V. Kiyan
Background and Aim: In Kazakhstan, the study of Echinococcus infection among farm animals is crucial to monitor the invasion among livestock and map the data obtained. Unfortunately, there are only partial data on the study of Echinococcus among cattle’s in Kazakhstan, which makes it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation among livestock animals. The present study aimed to molecularly identify the species and haplotypes of the E. granulosus complex infecting cattle in Kazakhstan and investigate their genetic variation relative to mitochondrial (mt) targets. Materials and Methods: Individual cyst isolates (n = 700) were collected from infected cattle lungs and livers after slaughter from the slaughterhouse. Total DNA was extracted from the germinal layers of the cyst from each isolate. This DNA sequenced partial mt genes of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (450 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (1200 bp). Results: We determined that all the sequences were detected as E. granulosus s.s., of which 69 (94.5%) samples belonged to G1, and only 4 (5.4%) samples belonged to the G3 genotype. After bioinformatic analysis, 38 haplotypes were identified. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the G1 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. is the predominant cattle genotype in Kazakhstan. However, only one region showed the presence of two genotypes G1 and G3, in the sequence, which suggests that further research is needed to investigate the epidemiology of Echinococcus infection in cattle in Kazakhstan. Keywords: cattle, cystic echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus, genotypes, haplotype, Kazakhstan.
背景和目的：在哈萨克斯坦，对农场动物中棘球蚴感染的研究对于监测牲畜中棘球蚴的入侵和绘制所获数据图至关重要。遗憾的是，哈萨克斯坦仅有部分关于牛群棘球蚴感染的研究数据，因此很难对家畜的流行病学状况进行比较分析。本研究旨在通过分子鉴定哈萨克斯坦感染牛的棘球蚴复合体的种类和单倍型，并研究其与线粒体（mt）目标相关的遗传变异：从屠宰场屠宰后受感染的牛肺部和肝脏中采集单个囊肿分离物（n = 700）。从每个分离株的包囊生殖层中提取总 DNA。这些 DNA 测序了细胞色素 c 氧化酶 1（450 bp）和 NADH 脱氢酶 1（1200 bp）的部分 mt 基因：结果：我们确定所有的序列都检测到了 E. granulosus s.s.，其中 69 个样本（94.5%）属于 G1，只有 4 个样本（5.4%）属于 G3 基因型。经过生物信息学分析，确定了 38 个单倍型：我们的研究结果表明，颗粒衣壳虫的 G1 基因型是哈萨克斯坦牛的主要基因型。关键词：牛；囊性棘球蚴病；格兰氏棘球蚴；基因型；单倍型；哈萨克斯坦。
{"title":"Genetic diversity and haplotype analysis of cattle hydatid cyst isolates using mitochondrial markers in Kazakhstan","authors":"R. Uakhit, S. Yalysheva, Aida Abdybekova, A. Smagulova, L. Lider, Karina Jazina, Aidana Tautanova, V. Kiyan","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.763-770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.763-770","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: In Kazakhstan, the study of Echinococcus infection among farm animals is crucial to monitor the invasion among livestock and map the data obtained. Unfortunately, there are only partial data on the study of Echinococcus among cattle’s in Kazakhstan, which makes it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation among livestock animals. The present study aimed to molecularly identify the species and haplotypes of the E. granulosus complex infecting cattle in Kazakhstan and investigate their genetic variation relative to mitochondrial (mt) targets.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Individual cyst isolates (n = 700) were collected from infected cattle lungs and livers after slaughter from the slaughterhouse. Total DNA was extracted from the germinal layers of the cyst from each isolate. This DNA sequenced partial mt genes of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (450 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (1200 bp).\u0000\u0000Results: We determined that all the sequences were detected as E. granulosus s.s., of which 69 (94.5%) samples belonged to G1, and only 4 (5.4%) samples belonged to the G3 genotype. After bioinformatic analysis, 38 haplotypes were identified.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the G1 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. is the predominant cattle genotype in Kazakhstan. However, only one region showed the presence of two genotypes G1 and G3, in the sequence, which suggests that further research is needed to investigate the epidemiology of Echinococcus infection in cattle in Kazakhstan.\u0000\u0000Keywords: cattle, cystic echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus, genotypes, haplotype, Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"491 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.796-803
Kotchapol Jaturanratsamee, Palin Jiwaganont, Chattida Panprom, S. Petchdee
Background and Aim: Cardiogenic embolism (CE) is a common complication of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to severe clinical symptoms. This study compared the effects of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin combined with clopidogrel on cats. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. In this study, rivaroxaban or enoxaparin plus clopidogrel was prescribed to 23 cats for at least one of the following events: Abnormal movement of the anterior mitral leaflet during systole, enlargement of the left atrium, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, or presence of arterial thromboembolism. Oral rivaroxaban (2.5 mg, q24 h) was prescribed to six cats. Subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg, q24 h) plus oral clopidogrel (3 mg/kg, PO q24 h) for 60 days were administered to 17 cats. Renal insufficiency and bleeding complications were observed. Plasma concentrations of D-dimer, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between echocardiography parameters and the effects of coagulation. Blood samples were collected from all cats at baseline and at 1 and 2 months post-treatment. Results: Rivaroxaban alone and in combination with enoxaparin and clopidogrel significantly affected PT and INR. In cats treated with 2.5 mg/kg rivaroxaban for 60 days, no bleeding or recurrence of thrombus formation was observed. These data support the use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism in cats. Conclusion: Treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism with rivaroxaban alone demonstrated clinical effectiveness with no clinical complications in cats. Keywords: cardiomyopathy, D-dimer, echocardiography, prothrombin time.
{"title":"Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin plus clopidogrel therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated thromboembolism in cats","authors":"Kotchapol Jaturanratsamee, Palin Jiwaganont, Chattida Panprom, S. Petchdee","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.796-803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.796-803","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Cardiogenic embolism (CE) is a common complication of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), leading to severe clinical symptoms. This study compared the effects of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin combined with clopidogrel on cats.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. In this study, rivaroxaban or enoxaparin plus clopidogrel was prescribed to 23 cats for at least one of the following events: Abnormal movement of the anterior mitral leaflet during systole, enlargement of the left atrium, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, or presence of arterial thromboembolism. Oral rivaroxaban (2.5 mg, q24 h) was prescribed to six cats. Subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg, q24 h) plus oral clopidogrel (3 mg/kg, PO q24 h) for 60 days were administered to 17 cats. Renal insufficiency and bleeding complications were observed. Plasma concentrations of D-dimer, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between echocardiography parameters and the effects of coagulation. Blood samples were collected from all cats at baseline and at 1 and 2 months post-treatment.\u0000\u0000Results: Rivaroxaban alone and in combination with enoxaparin and clopidogrel significantly affected PT and INR. In cats treated with 2.5 mg/kg rivaroxaban for 60 days, no bleeding or recurrence of thrombus formation was observed. These data support the use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism in cats.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Treatment of HCM-associated thromboembolism with rivaroxaban alone demonstrated clinical effectiveness with no clinical complications in cats.\u0000\u0000Keywords: cardiomyopathy, D-dimer, echocardiography, prothrombin time.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.811-819
M. Mikailov, S. Gunashev, E. A. Yanikova, A. A. Halikov, A. Bulashev
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes enormous losses in livestock production worldwide and has a significant public health impact. None of the brucellosis-free countries is currently able to guarantee their ability to prevent the introduction of the pathogen due to the increase in tourism and the expansion of migration. The timely identification of infected animals is an effective means of preventing brucellosis and minimizing the epidemiological risk. The tube agglutination test, Rose Bengal plate test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which are routinely used to identify seropositive productive animals, have limitations and results that do not always correlate. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) stands out among non-traditional methods because it is affordable, has a simple protocol, and is more reliable than classical serological tests, especially in cases of questionable and/or false-negative results. The diagnostic value of the IHA has long been studied by laboratories in several countries, but mostly by post-soviet research teams; therefore, the results continue to be published in Russian-language journals, ensuring that the local scientific community can access the results. In addition, the efficacy of this test for the diagnosis of brucellosis and other infectious diseases has not yet been reviewed. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies on the development and use of IHA for the diagnosis of brucellosis and to determine the prospects for further improvement Keywords: brucellosis, diagnostic value, indirect hemagglutination assay, prospects for improving the test, serological tests.
{"title":"Indirect hemagglutination assay for diagnosing brucellosis: Past, present, and future","authors":"M. Mikailov, S. Gunashev, E. A. Yanikova, A. A. Halikov, A. Bulashev","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.811-819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.811-819","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes enormous losses in livestock production worldwide and has a significant public health impact. None of the brucellosis-free countries is currently able to guarantee their ability to prevent the introduction of the pathogen due to the increase in tourism and the expansion of migration. The timely identification of infected animals is an effective means of preventing brucellosis and minimizing the epidemiological risk. The tube agglutination test, Rose Bengal plate test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which are routinely used to identify seropositive productive animals, have limitations and results that do not always correlate. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) stands out among non-traditional methods because it is affordable, has a simple protocol, and is more reliable than classical serological tests, especially in cases of questionable and/or false-negative results. The diagnostic value of the IHA has long been studied by laboratories in several countries, but mostly by post-soviet research teams; therefore, the results continue to be published in Russian-language journals, ensuring that the local scientific community can access the results. In addition, the efficacy of this test for the diagnosis of brucellosis and other infectious diseases has not yet been reviewed. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies on the development and use of IHA for the diagnosis of brucellosis and to determine the prospects for further improvement\u0000\u0000Keywords: brucellosis, diagnostic value, indirect hemagglutination assay, prospects for improving the test, serological tests.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"61 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.785-795
S. Melia, I. Juliyarsi, Y. F. Kurnia, S. Aritonang, Rusdimansyah Rusdimansyah, Ade Sukma, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Yudha Endra Pratama, Doni Supandil
Background and Aim: Stingless bees are generally found in tropical countries, including Indonesia. In West Sumatra, stingless bees are known as Galo-galo, consist of several species with different characteristics; however, the properties of honey produced by stingless bees have not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities as well as the microbiota profile of stingless bee honey from the bee species Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetrigona melanoleuca, and Tetrigona binghami that are intensively developed in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Honey produced by the stingless bee species H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami originating in West Sumatra was examined in the present study. The physicochemical properties (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique), total phenols (Folin- Ciocalteu method), antimicrobial activity (Agar-Well diffusion test), total lactic acid bacteria, and microbiota diversity were measured in stingless bee honey samples. Results: Stingless bee species significantly affected the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, and total lactic acid bacteria (p = 0.05), except for the crude fiber content. The carbohydrate profiles of honey produced by H. itama and T. binghami were dominated by monosaccharides, whereas those of honey from T. melanoleuca and G. thoracica were dominated by disaccharides. In terms of antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] value), there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from H. itama, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami, but there were significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from G. thoracica. The honey of G. thoracica and T. melanoleuca had the highest total phenolic content (65.65 ± 14.00 and 69.78 ± 8.06, respectively). In addition, honey from the four stingless bee species showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. From the principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) results, it can be concluded that the microbiota profiles of the four stingless bee honey samples differed. Conclusion: The results showed that honey from H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami has different physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and microbiota diversity. By knowing the content of this stingless bee honey, the results of this study can be used as information that this stingless bee honey has the potential as a functional food that is beneficial for health. Keywords: antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, microbiota, physicochemical, stingless bee.
背景和目的：无巢蜂一般分布在热带国家，包括印度尼西亚。在西苏门答腊，无刺蜂被称为 "Galo-galo"，由多个具有不同特性的物种组成；然而，人们尚未对无刺蜂所产蜂蜜的特性进行研究。本研究旨在确定无刺蜂蜂蜜的理化、抗氧化和抗菌活性以及微生物群谱，这些蜂蜜来自印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛集中发展的蜜蜂品种 Heterotrigona itama、Geniotrigona thoracica、Tetrigona melanoleuca 和 Tetrigona binghami。材料与方法：本研究考察了原产于西苏门答腊的无刺蜜蜂 H. itama、G. thoracica、T. melanoleuca 和 T. binghami 所产的蜂蜜。无刺蜂蜂蜜样品的理化性质（官方分析化学家协会）、抗氧化活性（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼技术）、总酚（Folin- Ciocalteu 法）、抗菌活性（琼脂-well 扩散试验）、乳酸菌总数和微生物群多样性均得到了测定：结果：除粗纤维含量外，无刺蜂品种对蜂蜜的理化性质、抗氧化活性、总酚含量、抗菌活性和乳酸菌总数均有明显影响（p = 0.05）。H. itama 和 T. binghami 所产蜂蜜的碳水化合物以单糖为主，而 T. melanoleuca 和 G. thoracica 所产蜂蜜的碳水化合物以双糖为主。在抗氧化活性（半数最大抑制浓度[IC50]值）方面，H. itama、T. melanoleuca 和 T. binghami 蜂蜜之间没有显著差异（p > 0.05），但 G. thoracica 蜂蜜之间存在显著差异（p > 0.05）。G. thoracica 和 T. melanoleuca 蜂蜜的总酚含量最高（分别为 65.65 ± 14.00 和 69.78 ± 8.06）。此外，四种无刺蜂蜂蜜对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和李斯特菌等病原菌具有抗菌活性。从主坐标分析（PCoA）结果中可以得出结论，四种无刺蜂蜂蜜样品的微生物群特征各不相同：结果表明，H. itama、G. thoracica、T. melanoleuca 和 T. binghami 的蜂蜜具有不同的理化特性、抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和微生物群多样性。通过了解这种无刺蜂蜂蜜的含量，本研究的结果可以作为一种信息，即这种无刺蜂蜂蜜具有作为有益健康的功能性食品的潜力。
{"title":"Profile of stingless bee honey and microbiota produced in West Sumatra, Indonesia, by several species (Apidae, Meliponinae)","authors":"S. Melia, I. Juliyarsi, Y. F. Kurnia, S. Aritonang, Rusdimansyah Rusdimansyah, Ade Sukma, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Yudha Endra Pratama, Doni Supandil","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.785-795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.785-795","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Stingless bees are generally found in tropical countries, including Indonesia. In West Sumatra, stingless bees are known as Galo-galo, consist of several species with different characteristics; however, the properties of honey produced by stingless bees have not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities as well as the microbiota profile of stingless bee honey from the bee species Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetrigona melanoleuca, and Tetrigona binghami that are intensively developed in West Sumatra, Indonesia.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Honey produced by the stingless bee species H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami originating in West Sumatra was examined in the present study. The physicochemical properties (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique), total phenols (Folin- Ciocalteu method), antimicrobial activity (Agar-Well diffusion test), total lactic acid bacteria, and microbiota diversity were measured in stingless bee honey samples.\u0000\u0000Results: Stingless bee species significantly affected the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity, and total lactic acid bacteria (p = 0.05), except for the crude fiber content. The carbohydrate profiles of honey produced by H. itama and T. binghami were dominated by monosaccharides, whereas those of honey from T. melanoleuca and G. thoracica were dominated by disaccharides. In terms of antioxidant activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] value), there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from H. itama, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami, but there were significant differences (p > 0.05) between honey from G. thoracica. The honey of G. thoracica and T. melanoleuca had the highest total phenolic content (65.65 ± 14.00 and 69.78 ± 8.06, respectively). In addition, honey from the four stingless bee species showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. From the principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) results, it can be concluded that the microbiota profiles of the four stingless bee honey samples differed.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The results showed that honey from H. itama, G. thoracica, T. melanoleuca, and T. binghami has different physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and microbiota diversity. By knowing the content of this stingless bee honey, the results of this study can be used as information that this stingless bee honey has the potential as a functional food that is beneficial for health.\u0000\u0000Keywords: antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, microbiota, physicochemical, stingless bee.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.771-777
Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, D. H. Phu, Niwat Chansiripornchai
Background and Aim: The high prevalence of QX-like variant among Thai isolates poses a significant threat to poultry production. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of commercially available heterologous infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines against the local Thai QX-like strain in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks from Thailand. Materials and Methods: The experiment involved 100 SPF chicks divided into 4 arms. Arms I and II received the TAbic IB VAR (233A) and Ibird (1/96) vaccines, respectively, on day 1. After 10 days, both arms received the H120 vaccine. Arms III and IV were non-vaccinated positive and negative controls. Challenge infection was local Thai QX-like virus on birds of Arms I, II, and III, and negative control of Arm IV. Clinical signs of infectious bronchitis (IB) and IBV detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were assessed at 2, 4, and 6 days post-challenge (dpc). At 6 dpc, the birds were humanely euthanized for post-mortem examination with the ciliostasis test and histopathological analysis of the tracheas, lungs, and kidneys. Results: Virus shedding started at 4 dpc (33.3% positive) and reached 100% positivity at 6 dpc with obvious clinical respiratory symptoms in non-vaccinated-challenged birds. No detection of IBV in vaccinated-challenged arms. Ciliary activity scores were significantly lower in non-vaccinated-challenged birds at 23.64 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.74) and 96.50 (SD ± 1.91) and 95.64 (SD ± 1.77), respectively (p = 0.05) than in vaccinated-challenged birds. The most remarkable histopathological changes were observed in non-vaccinated-challenged birds, with moderately severe changes in the trachea, lungs, and kidneys. On the other hand, birds in vaccinated-challenged arms showed no significant changes. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficacy of TAbic IB VAR (233A) or Ibird (1/96) vaccine combined with a Massachusetts serotype vaccine (H120) against the local Thai QX-like strain in SPF chicks, contributing valuable insights to the selection of suitable commercially available vaccines to combat the prevalent local QX-like strains in Thailand. Keywords: avian infectious bronchitis, chicken, efficacy, QX-like strain, Thailand, vaccine.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of commercial live vaccines against the local Thai QX field strain for the protection of specific pathogen-free chicks","authors":"Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, D. H. Phu, Niwat Chansiripornchai","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.771-777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.771-777","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The high prevalence of QX-like variant among Thai isolates poses a significant threat to poultry production. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of commercially available heterologous infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines against the local Thai QX-like strain in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks from Thailand.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: The experiment involved 100 SPF chicks divided into 4 arms. Arms I and II received the TAbic IB VAR (233A) and Ibird (1/96) vaccines, respectively, on day 1. After 10 days, both arms received the H120 vaccine. Arms III and IV were non-vaccinated positive and negative controls. Challenge infection was local Thai QX-like virus on birds of Arms I, II, and III, and negative control of Arm IV. Clinical signs of infectious bronchitis (IB) and IBV detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were assessed at 2, 4, and 6 days post-challenge (dpc). At 6 dpc, the birds were humanely euthanized for post-mortem examination with the ciliostasis test and histopathological analysis of the tracheas, lungs, and kidneys.\u0000\u0000Results: Virus shedding started at 4 dpc (33.3% positive) and reached 100% positivity at 6 dpc with obvious clinical respiratory symptoms in non-vaccinated-challenged birds. No detection of IBV in vaccinated-challenged arms. Ciliary activity scores were significantly lower in non-vaccinated-challenged birds at 23.64 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.74) and 96.50 (SD ± 1.91) and 95.64 (SD ± 1.77), respectively (p = 0.05) than in vaccinated-challenged birds. The most remarkable histopathological changes were observed in non-vaccinated-challenged birds, with moderately severe changes in the trachea, lungs, and kidneys. On the other hand, birds in vaccinated-challenged arms showed no significant changes.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficacy of TAbic IB VAR (233A) or Ibird (1/96) vaccine combined with a Massachusetts serotype vaccine (H120) against the local Thai QX-like strain in SPF chicks, contributing valuable insights to the selection of suitable commercially available vaccines to combat the prevalent local QX-like strains in Thailand.\u0000\u0000Keywords: avian infectious bronchitis, chicken, efficacy, QX-like strain, Thailand, vaccine.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.744-755
C. C. Ugwu, M. Hair-Bejo, M. I. Nurulfiza, A. R. Omar, A. Ideris
Background and Aim: Live-attenuated vaccines are the most successful type of vaccine and could be useful in controlling fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b infection. This study aimed to attenuate, molecularly characterize, and determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, and challenge virus shedding in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: The FAdV 8b isolate (UPM08136) was passaged onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells until attenuation. We sequenced and analyzed the hexon and fiber genes of the passage isolates. The attenuated bioreactor-passage isolate was inoculated into 1-day-old broiler chickens with (attenuated and inactivated) and without booster groups and challenged. Body weight (BW), liver weight (LW), liver: body weight ratio (LBR), FAdV antibody titers, T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the liver, spleen, and thymus, and challenge virus load and shedding were measured. Results: Typical cytopathic effects with novel genetic changes on CEL cells were observed. The uninoculated control-challenged (UCC) group had significantly lower BW and higher LW and LBR than the inoculated groups. A significantly higher FAdV antibody titer was observed in the challenged non-booster and attenuated booster groups than in the UCC group. T cells in the spleen and thymus of the liver of inoculated chickens were higher than uninoculated control group levels at all-time points and at different times. A significantly higher FAdV challenge virus load was observed in the liver and shedding in the cloaca of UCC chickens than in non-booster chickens. Conclusion: The FAdV 8b isolate was successfully attenuated, safe, and immunogenic. It reduces virus shedding and is effective and recommended as a vaccine against FAdV infection in broiler chickens. Keywords: antibodies, attenuation, fowl adenovirus 8b, T lymphocytes, vaccines, virus shedding.
背景和目的：减毒活疫苗是最成功的疫苗类型，可用于控制鸡腺病毒（FAdV）8b 感染。本研究旨在对其进行减毒、分子鉴定，并确定其在肉鸡中的免疫原性、效力和挑战性病毒脱落：将 FAdV 8b 分离株（UPM08136）传代到鸡胚肝（CEL）细胞中直至衰减。我们对传代分离物的 hexon 和纤维基因进行了测序和分析。将减毒的生物反应器-传代分离株接种到1日龄的肉鸡体内，对其进行（减毒和灭活）和无增殖组的挑战。对体重（BW）、肝重（LW）、肝：体重比（LBR）、FAdV抗体滴度、肝脏、脾脏和胸腺中的T淋巴细胞亚群以及挑战病毒载量和脱落进行了测定：结果：观察到 CEL 细胞发生了典型的细胞病理效应和新的基因变化。与接种组相比，未接种对照-挑战（UCC）组的体重明显降低，而LW和LBR则明显升高。与 UCC 组相比，未接种对照组和减毒加强组的 FAdV 抗体滴度明显更高。接种鸡肝脾和胸腺中的 T 细胞在所有时间点和不同时间均高于未接种对照组。UCC组鸡肝脏中的FAdV挑战病毒载量和泄殖腔中的病毒脱落量明显高于未接种鸡：结论：FAdV 8b 分离物成功减毒、安全且具有免疫原性。关键词：抗体；减毒；鸡腺病毒 8b；T 淋巴细胞；疫苗；病毒脱落。
{"title":"Attenuation and molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus 8b propagated in a bioreactor and its immunogenicity, efficacy, and virus shedding in broiler chickens","authors":"C. C. Ugwu, M. Hair-Bejo, M. I. Nurulfiza, A. R. Omar, A. Ideris","doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2024.744-755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.744-755","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Live-attenuated vaccines are the most successful type of vaccine and could be useful in controlling fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b infection. This study aimed to attenuate, molecularly characterize, and determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, and challenge virus shedding in broiler chickens.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: The FAdV 8b isolate (UPM08136) was passaged onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells until attenuation. We sequenced and analyzed the hexon and fiber genes of the passage isolates. The attenuated bioreactor-passage isolate was inoculated into 1-day-old broiler chickens with (attenuated and inactivated) and without booster groups and challenged. Body weight (BW), liver weight (LW), liver: body weight ratio (LBR), FAdV antibody titers, T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the liver, spleen, and thymus, and challenge virus load and shedding were measured.\u0000\u0000Results: Typical cytopathic effects with novel genetic changes on CEL cells were observed. The uninoculated control-challenged (UCC) group had significantly lower BW and higher LW and LBR than the inoculated groups. A significantly higher FAdV antibody titer was observed in the challenged non-booster and attenuated booster groups than in the UCC group. T cells in the spleen and thymus of the liver of inoculated chickens were higher than uninoculated control group levels at all-time points and at different times. A significantly higher FAdV challenge virus load was observed in the liver and shedding in the cloaca of UCC chickens than in non-booster chickens.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The FAdV 8b isolate was successfully attenuated, safe, and immunogenic. It reduces virus shedding and is effective and recommended as a vaccine against FAdV infection in broiler chickens.\u0000\u0000Keywords: antibodies, attenuation, fowl adenovirus 8b, T lymphocytes, vaccines, virus shedding.","PeriodicalId":506834,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary World","volume":"396 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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