In the history of the Catholic Church, various ways of implementing the consecrated life and its specific type in religious life have been revealed. To this day, there are monastic orders, cloistered orders, canons regular, hospitaller orders, mendicant orders, and congregations performing works of mercy. The author briefly presents the history of the evolution of these orders, from antiquity to the present day. The article shows how they have changed throughout history and how they undertake contemporary tasks in a new way. The nature of religious life is still the same, but, depending on the circumstances, it constantly takes new forms to implement the ideal of imitating Christ by pursuing the evangelical counsels in the present times.
{"title":"Diversity of Monastic Life in the Historical Perspective","authors":"Piotr Krawczyk","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of the Catholic Church, various ways of implementing the consecrated life and its specific type in religious life have been revealed. To this day, there are monastic orders, cloistered orders, canons regular, hospitaller orders, mendicant orders, and congregations performing works of mercy. The author briefly presents the history of the evolution of these orders, from antiquity to the present day. The article shows how they have changed throughout history and how they undertake contemporary tasks in a new way. The nature of religious life is still the same, but, depending on the circumstances, it constantly takes new forms to implement the ideal of imitating Christ by pursuing the evangelical counsels in the present times.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"75 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the determination, systematization, and study of the system of Ecclesiastical Law sources. This is a necessary and primary task for understanding the content of ecclesiastical law and its establishment in the legal system of Ukraine. The conducted analysis has given grounds to make up conclusions concerning the formal inequality and the subordination of some sources to others. The Constitution provisions contains norms and principles relating to human rights and freedoms, defining Ukraine as a secular state and determine the positive duties of the state in the field of religion. The laws if Ukraine contains the large number of ecclesiastical legal norms regulating various aspects of state-confessional relations. Bylaws specify and detail the provisions of laws. Judicial law-making in the field of ecclesiastical law is manifested through the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which in Ukraine are considered the sources of law, through the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, which revises laws for compliance with the constitution and fundamental values, as well as the decisions of the Supreme Court, the conclusions of which are binding not only for judicial bodies but also for all subjects of authority, which implement in their activities a legal act containing the relevant legal norm.
{"title":"The System of Ecclesiastical Law Sources of Ukraine","authors":"O. Bilash, T. Karabin, P. Cherevko","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the determination, systematization, and study of the system of Ecclesiastical Law sources. This is a necessary and primary task for understanding the content of ecclesiastical law and its establishment in the legal system of Ukraine. The conducted analysis has given grounds to make up conclusions concerning the formal inequality and the subordination of some sources to others. The Constitution provisions contains norms and principles relating to human rights and freedoms, defining Ukraine as a secular state and determine the positive duties of the state in the field of religion. The laws if Ukraine contains the large number of ecclesiastical legal norms regulating various aspects of state-confessional relations. Bylaws specify and detail the provisions of laws. Judicial law-making in the field of ecclesiastical law is manifested through the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which in Ukraine are considered the sources of law, through the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, which revises laws for compliance with the constitution and fundamental values, as well as the decisions of the Supreme Court, the conclusions of which are binding not only for judicial bodies but also for all subjects of authority, which implement in their activities a legal act containing the relevant legal norm.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’obiettivo di questo saggio, intitolato “La cittadinanza digitale e i valori della persona umana”, è investigare come sia possibile progettare una cittadinanza digitale aperta e consapevole adatta a proteggere i valori fondamentali e i diritti della persona umana attraverso i seguenti sei punti: 1) il significato della cittadinanza digitale; 2) i principi della società digitale nelle previsioni dell’Unione Europea: la costruzione di un senso di appartenenza attraverso la rete; 3) i diritti digitali per i cittadini o per le persone?; 4) necessità di separare i principi cristiani dai valori cristiani: vita, la protezione della persona umana, testimonianza della verità come valori “cristiani” e civili; 5) gli aspetti negativi della società digitale; 6) la società digitale e i diritti umani nella chiesa e nelle religioni.
{"title":"Cittadinanza digitale e valori della persona umana","authors":"G. Dammacco","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"L’obiettivo di questo saggio, intitolato “La cittadinanza digitale e i valori della persona umana”, è investigare come sia possibile progettare una cittadinanza digitale aperta e consapevole adatta a proteggere i valori fondamentali e i diritti della persona umana attraverso i seguenti sei punti: 1) il significato della cittadinanza digitale; 2) i principi della società digitale nelle previsioni dell’Unione Europea: la costruzione di un senso di appartenenza attraverso la rete; 3) i diritti digitali per i cittadini o per le persone?; 4) necessità di separare i principi cristiani dai valori cristiani: vita, la protezione della persona umana, testimonianza della verità come valori “cristiani” e civili; 5) gli aspetti negativi della società digitale; 6) la società digitale e i diritti umani nella chiesa e nelle religioni.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"298 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Eucharist is the source and top of the Christian life. This article analyzes the regulations of canon law related to participation in the Eucharist and receiving holy communion by the family. The author aims to show how such activities affect the unification of the entire family community, spouses, their children, and even grandparents. The first part discusses the Eucharist as the sacrament of unity. The next one discusses the family’s partaking in holy communion. The last one shows the role of the sacrament in the life of mixed marriages and marriages between individuals of different Catholic rites.
{"title":"The Eucharist as a Sacrament Integrating the Family (Under Canon Law)","authors":"Zbigniew Janczewski","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"The Eucharist is the source and top of the Christian life. This article analyzes the regulations of canon law related to participation in the Eucharist and receiving holy communion by the family. The author aims to show how such activities affect the unification of the entire family community, spouses, their children, and even grandparents. The first part discusses the Eucharist as the sacrament of unity. The next one discusses the family’s partaking in holy communion. The last one shows the role of the sacrament in the life of mixed marriages and marriages between individuals of different Catholic rites.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"341 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the category of taking responsibility for words, which is explicated as both a component of the moral awareness of language users and a socially desirable attitude that promotes the building of a communication community. The above category was analysed in view of legal regulations and, most importantly, theoretical findings from the field of communication ethics. The author used the conceptual apparatus of this theory to determine the way in which responsibility for words can be formed in axiological education. It was defined by referring to the primacy of respect for the values such as human dignity, freedom and truth understood as the opposite of falsehood. The author concluded that the attitude of taking responsibility for words should be formed through the transmission of knowledge regarding these values, assuming that they can be “experienced” relative to examples of the negative use and abuse of language as opposed to its responsible use. Therefore, this article presents general criteria for the ethical evaluation of communication facts, indicating how they should be used for the purpose of forming the attitude that involves responding with will to the discussed values.
{"title":"Language as an Object of Ethical Reflection. A Turn Towards the Attitude of Taking Responsibility for Words","authors":"Tomasz Żurawlew","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the category of taking responsibility for words, which is explicated as both a component of the moral awareness of language users and a socially desirable attitude that promotes the building of a communication community. The above category was analysed in view of legal regulations and, most importantly, theoretical findings from the field of communication ethics. The author used the conceptual apparatus of this theory to determine the way in which responsibility for words can be formed in axiological education. It was defined by referring to the primacy of respect for the values such as human dignity, freedom and truth understood as the opposite of falsehood. The author concluded that the attitude of taking responsibility for words should be formed through the transmission of knowledge regarding these values, assuming that they can be “experienced” relative to examples of the negative use and abuse of language as opposed to its responsible use. Therefore, this article presents general criteria for the ethical evaluation of communication facts, indicating how they should be used for the purpose of forming the attitude that involves responding with will to the discussed values.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"176 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI, one of the greatest thinkers of mankind and the greatest Pope-theologian in the history of the modern Church, has devoted much attention to a critical analysis of the spirit of the age and the spiritual condition of modern people, living as if God did not exist. The Pope’s diagnosis is unequivocal and utterly pessimistic. He writes openly about the spiritual void, the drama of the times and even the tunnel in which humanity has found itself. At the core of this condition, according to Benedict XVI, there are two postmodern phenomena: relativism and secularism, leading people, above all young people, into spiritual regress and deformation. In the face of these threats and their disastrous consequences, the Pope from Germany proposes that the spiritual development of young people become the most urgent challenge and priority task to be carried out jointly by all the different groups of educators: parents, teachers, pedagogues, catechists, and the clergy. Of the many tasks and remedies needed to achieve success, which Benedict XVI outlined for educators in his speeches and writings, three aspects are particularly fundamental: personalism, theo- and Christocentrism, and integrity and reference to conscience. The perception of a young person as a subject through his or her ontological relationship with the living God revealed in Jesus Christ and the formation of a conscience, through which a young person may take responsibility for himself or herself and co-responsibility for others, guarantee authentic education and can restore hope to contemporary people and the world.
{"title":"Divine Pedagogy in the Face of Educational Crisis. On the Approach of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI","authors":"Marzena Górecka","doi":"10.18290/kip2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18290/kip2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI, one of the greatest thinkers of mankind and the greatest Pope-theologian in the history of the modern Church, has devoted much attention to a critical analysis of the spirit of the age and the spiritual condition of modern people, living as if God did not exist. The Pope’s diagnosis is unequivocal and utterly pessimistic. He writes openly about the spiritual void, the drama of the times and even the tunnel in which humanity has found itself. At the core of this condition, according to Benedict XVI, there are two postmodern phenomena: relativism and secularism, leading people, above all young people, into spiritual regress and deformation. In the face of these threats and their disastrous consequences, the Pope from Germany proposes that the spiritual development of young people become the most urgent challenge and priority task to be carried out jointly by all the different groups of educators: parents, teachers, pedagogues, catechists, and the clergy. Of the many tasks and remedies needed to achieve success, which Benedict XVI outlined for educators in his speeches and writings, three aspects are particularly fundamental: personalism, theo- and Christocentrism, and integrity and reference to conscience. The perception of a young person as a subject through his or her ontological relationship with the living God revealed in Jesus Christ and the formation of a conscience, through which a young person may take responsibility for himself or herself and co-responsibility for others, guarantee authentic education and can restore hope to contemporary people and the world.","PeriodicalId":506963,"journal":{"name":"Kościół i Prawo","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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