Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026042749
Aline Ramalho dos Santos, E. D. O. Gonçalves, Elbya Leão Gibson, E. Araújo, I. Wendling, Lara Arêas Tertuliano, M. Caldeira
The mass propagation and vegetative recues of genotypes. ABSTRACT The usual propagation method for Dalbergia nigra is via seedings; however, the seasonal supply has a variable quantity of seeds which limits the continuous production of seedlings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a vegetative propagation protocol via mini-cuttings technique for D. nigra from juvenile shoots obtained from seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two geographical origins: two controlled release fertilizer doses (4.0 and 8.0 g.dm - ³) and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0; 2,000; 4,000; and 6,000 mg.Kg -1 ), with four replications. The mini-cuttings were removed from the tubes after 60 days of propagation in the greenhouse, and the substrate was completely removed by washing in running water to observe the roots. The survival percentage, rooting, rooting speed and variables related to mini-cuttings vigor (largest root length (RL, cm.plant -1 ), number of roots (NR), surface area (SA, mm 2 ), root volume (RV, mm³) and root dry mass (RDM, g.plant -1 ) were measured. The results indicated that D. nigra has an aptitude for vegetative propagation by mini-cuttings with survival values and rooting greater than 70%. Geographical origins present a different set of responses for survival, rooting and vigor of mini-cuttings. Stock plant nutrition influences mini-cuttings root growth. IBA concentrations did not promote an effect on the mini-cuttings rooting percentage; however, exogenous auxin at the dose of 6,000 mg.Kg -1 provided mini-cuttings with greater vigor in their radical system. Nonetheless, further research is suggested to define the feasibility of using this regulator in the vegetative propagation of this species.
基因型的大规模繁殖和营养恢复。黑檀的常用繁殖方法是播种繁殖；然而，季节性供应的种子数量可变，这限制了幼苗的连续生产。因此，本研究的目的是通过迷你插条技术从幼苗中获得的幼芽中建立黑穗病的营养繁殖方案。实验设计完全随机，采用2 x 2 x 4析因方案，有两个地理来源：两种控释肥料剂量（4.0和8.0 g.dm-³）和四种吲哚-3-丁酸（IBA）浓度（0；2000；4000和6000 mg.Kg-1），四次重复。在温室中繁殖60天后，从试管中取出迷你插条，并通过在自来水中洗涤来完全去除基质以观察根系。测定了成活率、生根、生根速度以及与迷你插条活力相关的变量（最大根长（RL，cm-plant-1）、根数（NR）、表面积（SA，mm2）、根体积（RV，mm³）和根干质量（RDM，g.plant-1。结果表明，黑穗藻具有利用小插穗进行营养繁殖的能力，其成活率和生根率均大于70%。地理起源对迷你插条的存活、生根和活力表现出不同的反应。库存植物营养影响迷你插条的根系生长。IBA浓度对插穗生根率没有促进作用；而外源生长素在6000mg.Kg-1的剂量下，则使小插穗的自由基系统具有更大的活力。尽管如此，建议进行进一步的研究，以确定在该物种的营养繁殖中使用这种调节剂的可行性。
{"title":"MINI-CUTTINGS TECHNIQUE FOR VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF Dalbergia nigra","authors":"Aline Ramalho dos Santos, E. D. O. Gonçalves, Elbya Leão Gibson, E. Araújo, I. Wendling, Lara Arêas Tertuliano, M. Caldeira","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026042749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026042749","url":null,"abstract":"The mass propagation and vegetative recues of genotypes. ABSTRACT The usual propagation method for Dalbergia nigra is via seedings; however, the seasonal supply has a variable quantity of seeds which limits the continuous production of seedlings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a vegetative propagation protocol via mini-cuttings technique for D. nigra from juvenile shoots obtained from seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two geographical origins: two controlled release fertilizer doses (4.0 and 8.0 g.dm - ³) and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0; 2,000; 4,000; and 6,000 mg.Kg -1 ), with four replications. The mini-cuttings were removed from the tubes after 60 days of propagation in the greenhouse, and the substrate was completely removed by washing in running water to observe the roots. The survival percentage, rooting, rooting speed and variables related to mini-cuttings vigor (largest root length (RL, cm.plant -1 ), number of roots (NR), surface area (SA, mm 2 ), root volume (RV, mm³) and root dry mass (RDM, g.plant -1 ) were measured. The results indicated that D. nigra has an aptitude for vegetative propagation by mini-cuttings with survival values and rooting greater than 70%. Geographical origins present a different set of responses for survival, rooting and vigor of mini-cuttings. Stock plant nutrition influences mini-cuttings root growth. IBA concentrations did not promote an effect on the mini-cuttings rooting percentage; however, exogenous auxin at the dose of 6,000 mg.Kg -1 provided mini-cuttings with greater vigor in their radical system. Nonetheless, further research is suggested to define the feasibility of using this regulator in the vegetative propagation of this species.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47294361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032744
Mateus Chagas Andrade, Aline Cristina Miranda Fernandes, L. D. Siqueira, E. Tambarussi
The objective of this study was to use quantitative traits to estimate the genetic distance among E. pellita provenances and progenies, to inform possible hybridization strategies in a species improvement program. A provenance and progeny test with 118 progenies from seven provenances was evaluated. The following quantitative traits were measured at seven years of age: diameter at breast height (DBH); height; and individual volume. The data were submitted to REML/BLUP analysis to obtain the predicted genetic value (BLUP). From this, the Mahalanobis (D2) genetic distance was estimated for provenances and progenies, which were then grouped by Tocher’s method, the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), and principal component analysis (PCA). In total, 29 divergent groups were obtained among progenies based on Tocher’s method, which showed greater reliability according to the cophenetic correlation coefficient than UPGMA. The opposite was found between provenances, where the results for UPGMA demonstrated greater clustering reliability. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the M. Ray and Tully provenances were the most similar, while Connl. A and Orchard were the most divergent. Height was the most important trait in estimating genetic distance. The results obtained offer important insights for breeding programs; with this information, crosses can be designed between contrasting individuals among and within provenances to obtain E. pellita hybrids, validating the possible heterotic groups identified through the genetic distance and grouping methods.
{"title":"THE USE OF GENETIC DISTANCE AND GROUPING METHODS TO PREDICT Eucalyptus Pellita F. MUELL GENITORS FOR HYBRIDIZATION","authors":"Mateus Chagas Andrade, Aline Cristina Miranda Fernandes, L. D. Siqueira, E. Tambarussi","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032744","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to use quantitative traits to estimate the genetic distance among E. pellita provenances and progenies, to inform possible hybridization strategies in a species improvement program. A provenance and progeny test with 118 progenies from seven provenances was evaluated. The following quantitative traits were measured at seven years of age: diameter at breast height (DBH); height; and individual volume. The data were submitted to REML/BLUP analysis to obtain the predicted genetic value (BLUP). From this, the Mahalanobis (D2) genetic distance was estimated for provenances and progenies, which were then grouped by Tocher’s method, the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), and principal component analysis (PCA). In total, 29 divergent groups were obtained among progenies based on Tocher’s method, which showed greater reliability according to the cophenetic correlation coefficient than UPGMA. The opposite was found between provenances, where the results for UPGMA demonstrated greater clustering reliability. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the M. Ray and Tully provenances were the most similar, while Connl. A and Orchard were the most divergent. Height was the most important trait in estimating genetic distance. The results obtained offer important insights for breeding programs; with this information, crosses can be designed between contrasting individuals among and within provenances to obtain E. pellita hybrids, validating the possible heterotic groups identified through the genetic distance and grouping methods.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"10 3","pages":"414-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026042730
A. M. F. Fernandes, M. Ruivo, A. C. L. Costa
The studies on floristic composition are an aid in the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the plant communities, fundamental parameters for its management and conservation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition, species richness, Shannon’s diversity and models of species abundance over a 10-year period (2005 to 2015) in two terra firme forest areas, with and without water deficit in the soil. Data were collected in 98 subplots denominated A (control) and 98 subplots B (rainwater exclusion), each measuring 10 m x 10 m, of which plants species with diameter at breast height (DBH≥10 cm) were listed. The Fabaceae (33), Sapotaceae (27), Chrysobalanaceae (15) and Burseraceae (13) families were the most representated in the study areas. A small decrease was found in the observed species richness in area A, but the community evenness and the Shannon diversity index remained constant, and a small increase was found in the observed species richness in area B, which may have contributed to a increase in the diversity index over time. The Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot models adjusted for the plant communities of areas A and B, respectively, indicate that such areas indicate good ecological conditions for the establishment of late colonizing species. Thus, it can be inferred that water deficiency in the soil did not significantly affect the conservation of the forest under study. 1Federal University of Pará, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID: 0000-0003-2959-8387a, 0000-0001-8140-4020b 2 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, São Brás, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID:0000-0002-6222-5534a FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN TERRA FIRME FOREST UNDER WATER STRESS IN THE AMAZON
对植物区系组成的研究有助于了解植物群落的结构和动态，以及其管理和保护的基本参数。因此，这项工作的目的是评估两个陆地森林地区在10年期间（2005年至2015年）的区系组成、物种丰富度、香农多样性和物种丰富度模型，无论土壤是否缺水。数据收集在98个分区A（对照）和98个分区B（雨水排除）中，每个分区的尺寸为10 m x 10 m，其中列出了乳高直径（DBH≥10 cm）的植物物种。Fabaceae（33）、Sapotaceae（27）、Chrysobalanaceae（15）和Burseraceae（13）科在研究区最具代表性。A区观察到的物种丰富度略有下降，但群落均匀度和Shannon多样性指数保持不变，B区观察到物种丰富度略有增加，这可能是多样性指数随时间增加的原因。分别对A区和B区的植物群落进行调整的Zipf和Zipf Mandelbrot模型表明，这些区域为后期定殖物种的建立提供了良好的生态条件。因此，可以推断，土壤缺水对所研究森林的保护没有显著影响。1帕拉联邦大学，关岛，巴西利亚州贝伦。ORCID：0000-0003-2959-8387a，0000-0001-8140-4020b 2 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi，São BráS，Belém，PA，Brasil。ORCID：0000-0002-622-5534a亚马逊地区水胁迫下TERRA FIRME林的区系组成和多样性
{"title":"FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN TERRA FIRME FOREST UNDER WATER STRESS IN THE AMAZON","authors":"A. M. F. Fernandes, M. Ruivo, A. C. L. Costa","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026042730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026042730","url":null,"abstract":"The studies on floristic composition are an aid in the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the plant communities, fundamental parameters for its management and conservation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition, species richness, Shannon’s diversity and models of species abundance over a 10-year period (2005 to 2015) in two terra firme forest areas, with and without water deficit in the soil. Data were collected in 98 subplots denominated A (control) and 98 subplots B (rainwater exclusion), each measuring 10 m x 10 m, of which plants species with diameter at breast height (DBH≥10 cm) were listed. The Fabaceae (33), Sapotaceae (27), Chrysobalanaceae (15) and Burseraceae (13) families were the most representated in the study areas. A small decrease was found in the observed species richness in area A, but the community evenness and the Shannon diversity index remained constant, and a small increase was found in the observed species richness in area B, which may have contributed to a increase in the diversity index over time. The Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot models adjusted for the plant communities of areas A and B, respectively, indicate that such areas indicate good ecological conditions for the establishment of late colonizing species. Thus, it can be inferred that water deficiency in the soil did not significantly affect the conservation of the forest under study. 1Federal University of Pará, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID: 0000-0003-2959-8387a, 0000-0001-8140-4020b 2 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, São Brás, Belém, PA, Brasil. ORCID:0000-0002-6222-5534a FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY IN TERRA FIRME FOREST UNDER WATER STRESS IN THE AMAZON","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"26 1","pages":"403-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026042754
Adelson Lemes da Silva Júnior, R. Cabral, L. Sartori, L. C. Souza, F. D. Miranda, M. Caldeira, S. O. Moreira, T. D. O. Godinho
The ISSR molecular diversity to high genetic nigra . Most of the genetic diversity influenced by individuals from Flona of Pacotuba. The evaluated populations structured. ABSTRACT: The evaluation of diversity and genetic structure allows us to verify with precision the effect of evolutionary and anthropic processes on species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the divergence and the genetic structure of two natural populations of Dalbergia nigra , using molecular markers Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Leaf samples were collected from two populations, located in the National Forest of Pacotuba and the Private Natural Heritage Reserve of Cafundó. Eight ISSR primers were used, which resulted in 97 bands, with 68.04% of polymorphism. Based on the joint data, the values of 0.33 for the Nei index (H*) and 0.50 for the Shannon index (I*) indicated moderate to high genetic diversity, being influenced by the presence of genetically dissimilar individuals in the National Forest of Pacotuba. Most of the genetic divergence was intrapopulational (85.96%), with moderate differentiation between populations ( Φ ST = 0.1404). The estimated historical gene flow between the fragments was low (N m = 3.21) when compared with results from other tree species, and the genetic structuring analysis separated the populations into two groups, corresponding to the two populations evaluated. The results indicate a small genetic share among populations, however, populations are becoming structured. The satisfactory levels of genetic diversity benefit the use of the trees as matrixes for programs of restoration and recovery of degraded areas, connectivity of landscapes, and sustainable use of forest resources.
ISSR分子多样性高遗传黑。大部分遗传多样性受到来自Pacotuba Flona的个体的影响。评估人群结构。摘要:对物种多样性和遗传结构的评估使我们能够精确地验证进化和人类活动对物种的影响。利用分子标记技术对黄檀两个天然居群的遗传结构和分化进行了研究。树叶样本来自两个种群，分别位于Pacotuba国家森林和Cafundó私人自然遗产保护区。共使用8条ISSR引物，得到97条条带，多态性率为68.04%。基于联合数据，Nei指数(H*)为0.33,Shannon指数(I*)为0.50，表明Pacotuba国家森林中存在遗传差异个体，遗传多样性处于中高水平。遗传分化以居群内为主(85.96%)，居群间分化程度适中(Φ ST = 0.1404)。与其他树种相比，估计的片段之间的历史基因流量较低(N m = 3.21)，并且遗传结构分析将群体分为两组，对应于评估的两个群体。结果表明，种群之间的遗传份额很小，然而，种群正在变得结构化。令人满意的遗传多样性水平有利于利用树木作为退化地区恢复和恢复计划的基质，景观连通性和森林资源的可持续利用。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DIVERSITY AND GENETIC STRUCTURE AS STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.","authors":"Adelson Lemes da Silva Júnior, R. Cabral, L. Sartori, L. C. Souza, F. D. Miranda, M. Caldeira, S. O. Moreira, T. D. O. Godinho","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026042754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026042754","url":null,"abstract":"The ISSR molecular diversity to high genetic nigra . Most of the genetic diversity influenced by individuals from Flona of Pacotuba. The evaluated populations structured. ABSTRACT: The evaluation of diversity and genetic structure allows us to verify with precision the effect of evolutionary and anthropic processes on species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the divergence and the genetic structure of two natural populations of Dalbergia nigra , using molecular markers Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Leaf samples were collected from two populations, located in the National Forest of Pacotuba and the Private Natural Heritage Reserve of Cafundó. Eight ISSR primers were used, which resulted in 97 bands, with 68.04% of polymorphism. Based on the joint data, the values of 0.33 for the Nei index (H*) and 0.50 for the Shannon index (I*) indicated moderate to high genetic diversity, being influenced by the presence of genetically dissimilar individuals in the National Forest of Pacotuba. Most of the genetic divergence was intrapopulational (85.96%), with moderate differentiation between populations ( Φ ST = 0.1404). The estimated historical gene flow between the fragments was low (N m = 3.21) when compared with results from other tree species, and the genetic structuring analysis separated the populations into two groups, corresponding to the two populations evaluated. The results indicate a small genetic share among populations, however, populations are becoming structured. The satisfactory levels of genetic diversity benefit the use of the trees as matrixes for programs of restoration and recovery of degraded areas, connectivity of landscapes, and sustainable use of forest resources.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026042757
Y. Kondo, A. Primon, A. C. D. C. L. Fioreze, Sonia Purin da Cruz
This study was carried on evaluating effects of inoculation with Bacillus species and generations of genetically improved seeds on Pinus taeda growth in nursery conditions. Two experiments, based on distinct inoculation methods (sowing and post-emergence) were performed under a 3 x 2 factorial, completely randomized block design (3 levels of inoculation and 2 levels of genetic improvement of Pinus taeda). Plant height and diameter were measured at different stages along seedling development. At harvest, root volume, root fresh and dry mass, shoot fresh and dry mass and quality index were also estimated. Data were submitted to a two-way analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Tukey ́s test was used to separate means (p<0.05). Data from experiment with inoculation at sowing showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved plant height (20%) and shoot dry mass (28%) of 2.0 generation seedlings compared to control plants. Regarding postemergence inoculation, plants from 1.5 generation presented more pronounced effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Overall, inoculated seedlings were 9.8% taller and produced 60% more root dry mass than non-inoculated plants. Regardless of seedling generation, B. amyloliquefaciens increased Dickson Quality Index by 30%. These results suggest that each generation of genetically improved P. taeda has different growth responses to B. amyloliquefaciens. Methods of inoculation, combined with level of genetic improvement, must also be considered to obtain the best benefit to seedling development when using this rhizobacterium. Based on the current findings, inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens should be incorporated as a silvicultural practice to improve growth of P. taeda under nursery conditions. 1Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0001-7556-6373a 2Primon Mudas Florestais. Curitibanos, SC, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-7115-5312a 3Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0001-9624-3186a, 0000-0002-78052789b
{"title":"GROWTH PROMOTION OF GENETICALLY IMPROVED Pinus taeda SEEDLINGS BY INOCULATION WITH SPECIES OF Bacillus.","authors":"Y. Kondo, A. Primon, A. C. D. C. L. Fioreze, Sonia Purin da Cruz","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026042757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026042757","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried on evaluating effects of inoculation with Bacillus species and generations of genetically improved seeds on Pinus taeda growth in nursery conditions. Two experiments, based on distinct inoculation methods (sowing and post-emergence) were performed under a 3 x 2 factorial, completely randomized block design (3 levels of inoculation and 2 levels of genetic improvement of Pinus taeda). Plant height and diameter were measured at different stages along seedling development. At harvest, root volume, root fresh and dry mass, shoot fresh and dry mass and quality index were also estimated. Data were submitted to a two-way analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Tukey ́s test was used to separate means (p<0.05). Data from experiment with inoculation at sowing showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved plant height (20%) and shoot dry mass (28%) of 2.0 generation seedlings compared to control plants. Regarding postemergence inoculation, plants from 1.5 generation presented more pronounced effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Overall, inoculated seedlings were 9.8% taller and produced 60% more root dry mass than non-inoculated plants. Regardless of seedling generation, B. amyloliquefaciens increased Dickson Quality Index by 30%. These results suggest that each generation of genetically improved P. taeda has different growth responses to B. amyloliquefaciens. Methods of inoculation, combined with level of genetic improvement, must also be considered to obtain the best benefit to seedling development when using this rhizobacterium. Based on the current findings, inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens should be incorporated as a silvicultural practice to improve growth of P. taeda under nursery conditions. 1Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0001-7556-6373a 2Primon Mudas Florestais. Curitibanos, SC, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-7115-5312a 3Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0001-9624-3186a, 0000-0002-78052789b","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"26 1","pages":"456-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43358466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032741
M. F. D. Santos, Afonso Figueiredo Filho, J. Gama, Fabiane Aparecida de Sousa Retslaff, D. L. D. Costa
The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of species-specific equations (SSEs) concerning generic ones in Annual Production Units (GEAPUs) and in a Forest Management Area (GEFMA) in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 29,119 trees from 43 species were inventoried, harvested, and volumetric measurements were taken in ten APUs, with 10% of this total being separated for validation and comparison of the selected equations. After selection and validation of the equations (GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs) they were compared using precision statistics, by contrasting estimated and observed volumes and by residual analysis. Precision statistics were clearly lower for the SSEs. Trend lines near the average observed volume were shown for the SSEs when the estimates were contrasted with the observations. The residuals generated by the SSEs were smaller and statistically different than those of GEFMA and GEAPUs for the majority of cases. The most important commercial species (M. huberi) had its volume overestimated by 10.6, 9.3 and 3.0% when the GEFMA, the GEAPUs, and the SSEs were applied, respectively. Among the species that generally had very large trees, H. petraeum had its volume underestimated by 15.7, 16.6 and 4.4% by the GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs, respectively. The greater precision of the SSEs is reflected in better forest management planning decisions with respect to operational and economic aspects. These results show that besides being statistically valid, the SSEs are recommended for obtaining more precise estimates of commercial volume, especially since there is a great demand for reliable estimates for each individual species in forest management areas in the Amazon. 1University of the Midwest of Parana, Irati, Parana State, Brazil, ORCID: 0000-0002-6388-7679a, 0000-0001-99657851b, 0000-0003-4025-9562c, 0000-0002-1685-7864d 2University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil, 0000-0002-3629-3437a SPECIES-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS: GREATER PRECISION IN COMMERCIAL VOLUME ESTIMATION IN MANAGED FORESTS
{"title":"SPECIES-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS: GREATER PRECISION IN COMMERCIAL VOLUME ESTIMATION IN MANAGED FORESTS IN THE AMAZON","authors":"M. F. D. Santos, Afonso Figueiredo Filho, J. Gama, Fabiane Aparecida de Sousa Retslaff, D. L. D. Costa","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032741","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of species-specific equations (SSEs) concerning generic ones in Annual Production Units (GEAPUs) and in a Forest Management Area (GEFMA) in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 29,119 trees from 43 species were inventoried, harvested, and volumetric measurements were taken in ten APUs, with 10% of this total being separated for validation and comparison of the selected equations. After selection and validation of the equations (GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs) they were compared using precision statistics, by contrasting estimated and observed volumes and by residual analysis. Precision statistics were clearly lower for the SSEs. Trend lines near the average observed volume were shown for the SSEs when the estimates were contrasted with the observations. The residuals generated by the SSEs were smaller and statistically different than those of GEFMA and GEAPUs for the majority of cases. The most important commercial species (M. huberi) had its volume overestimated by 10.6, 9.3 and 3.0% when the GEFMA, the GEAPUs, and the SSEs were applied, respectively. Among the species that generally had very large trees, H. petraeum had its volume underestimated by 15.7, 16.6 and 4.4% by the GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs, respectively. The greater precision of the SSEs is reflected in better forest management planning decisions with respect to operational and economic aspects. These results show that besides being statistically valid, the SSEs are recommended for obtaining more precise estimates of commercial volume, especially since there is a great demand for reliable estimates for each individual species in forest management areas in the Amazon. 1University of the Midwest of Parana, Irati, Parana State, Brazil, ORCID: 0000-0002-6388-7679a, 0000-0001-99657851b, 0000-0003-4025-9562c, 0000-0002-1685-7864d 2University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil, 0000-0002-3629-3437a SPECIES-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS: GREATER PRECISION IN COMMERCIAL VOLUME ESTIMATION IN MANAGED FORESTS","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"26 1","pages":"315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032734
Seray Özden Keleş
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROJAN FIR (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss] Coode & Cullen) SAPLINGS","authors":"Seray Özden Keleş","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"26 1","pages":"381-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44062454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032730
B. Bilgili, S. Erşahin, S. S. Kavakligil, N. Öner
Response of terrestrial ecosystems to changing climate has become an issue of central importance for land managers and policymakers. Climate extremes and trends have a strong control on productivity of semi-arid mountain ecosystems. Located in a transition zone from continental type climate to relatively mild Black Sea type climate in Turkey, the Ilgaz Mountains with their rich biodiversity, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate vulnerability of a typical semi-arid mountain ecosystem to climate change. Therefore, we evaluated spatio-temporal variation of annual net primary productivity (NPP) of Ilgaz Mountains predicted by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), as affected by topography and climate between 2000 and 2010. The annual MODIS NPP ranged from 500 to 912 g .m -2 .y -1 . Elevation, slope aspect, and vegetation type were significantly correlated with MODIS NPP The MODIS NPP was highly sensitive to droughts, and the mean MODIS NPP generally decreased across the study pixels in the study period. The response of MODIS
{"title":"NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF A MOUNTAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEM AS AFFECTED BY CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY","authors":"B. Bilgili, S. Erşahin, S. S. Kavakligil, N. Öner","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032730","url":null,"abstract":"Response of terrestrial ecosystems to changing climate has become an issue of central importance for land managers and policymakers. Climate extremes and trends have a strong control on productivity of semi-arid mountain ecosystems. Located in a transition zone from continental type climate to relatively mild Black Sea type climate in Turkey, the Ilgaz Mountains with their rich biodiversity, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate vulnerability of a typical semi-arid mountain ecosystem to climate change. Therefore, we evaluated spatio-temporal variation of annual net primary productivity (NPP) of Ilgaz Mountains predicted by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), as affected by topography and climate between 2000 and 2010. The annual MODIS NPP ranged from 500 to 912 g .m -2 .y -1 . Elevation, slope aspect, and vegetation type were significantly correlated with MODIS NPP The MODIS NPP was highly sensitive to droughts, and the mean MODIS NPP generally decreased across the study pixels in the study period. The response of MODIS","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49231394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032748
R. D. S. Oliveira, Túllio Morais Franca
African mahogany is the common name given to different species of the genus Khaya. They are tree species native to the African continent, which have a wood quality that allows their noble use in making fine furniture, and in the civil and naval industries. Currently, African mahogany cultivation has received notoriety in Brazil and given its climatic conditions. The country has great potential for planting these species. The purpose of this work was to identify climatic aptitude zones for African mahogany in Brazil. Based on the Kppen classification and in the means of relative air temperature and annual rainfall, a base map interpolation was performed to select regions suitable and restricted to planting and adequate growth of African mahogany species. In general, the regions that presented temperatures between 22 °C and 30 °C were considered of high fitness, while temperature values below 14 °C restricts plantations growth. Regarding to precipitation, areas considered to be of high aptitude have between 700 to 3,000 mm.year-1, extreme values may indicate regions of low suitability and restricted to the cultivation of African mahogany. From the climatic characteristics, it was determined that about 60% of the Brazilian area was of high fitness, between 16% and 32% of medium fitness, and less than 20% as low fitness. The Northeastern semi-arid region proved to be restricted to the cultivation of these species due to the low annual rainfall and a few places in the South region was also restricted due to low temperatures and risks of frost. 1State University of Tocantina Region of Maranhão, Imperatriz Maranhão, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-0617-4293a 2Goias Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-3459-5650a CLIMATE ZONING FOR THE CULTIVATION OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY SPECIES IN BRAZIL
{"title":"CLIMATE ZONING FOR THE CULTIVATION OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY SPECIES IN BRAZIL","authors":"R. D. S. Oliveira, Túllio Morais Franca","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032748","url":null,"abstract":"African mahogany is the common name given to different species of the genus Khaya. They are tree species native to the African continent, which have a wood quality that allows their noble use in making fine furniture, and in the civil and naval industries. Currently, African mahogany cultivation has received notoriety in Brazil and given its climatic conditions. The country has great potential for planting these species. The purpose of this work was to identify climatic aptitude zones for African mahogany in Brazil. Based on the Kppen classification and in the means of relative air temperature and annual rainfall, a base map interpolation was performed to select regions suitable and restricted to planting and adequate growth of African mahogany species. In general, the regions that presented temperatures between 22 °C and 30 °C were considered of high fitness, while temperature values below 14 °C restricts plantations growth. Regarding to precipitation, areas considered to be of high aptitude have between 700 to 3,000 mm.year-1, extreme values may indicate regions of low suitability and restricted to the cultivation of African mahogany. From the climatic characteristics, it was determined that about 60% of the Brazilian area was of high fitness, between 16% and 32% of medium fitness, and less than 20% as low fitness. The Northeastern semi-arid region proved to be restricted to the cultivation of these species due to the low annual rainfall and a few places in the South region was also restricted due to low temperatures and risks of frost. 1State University of Tocantina Region of Maranhão, Imperatriz Maranhão, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-0617-4293a 2Goias Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. ORCID: 0000-0002-3459-5650a CLIMATE ZONING FOR THE CULTIVATION OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY SPECIES IN BRAZIL","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"26 1","pages":"369-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48423545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1590/01047760202026032727
K. Bellon, P. Monteiro, R. J. Klitzke, C. G. Auer, A. S. D. Andrade
Thermally modified wood undergoes chemical, physical, and mechanical modifications, resulting in changes in resistance to wood biodegrading agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to biodeterioration of thermally modified wood by the industrial process VAP HolzSysteme ® of Eucalyptus grandis , Pinus taeda and Tectona grandis , submitted to the Lentinula edodes fungi (brown rot) and Pleurotus djamor fungi (white rot), and to analyze the chemical properties, contents of holocellulose, lignin, total extracts, and ash, before and after biodeterioration. Three treatments were considered for each species: Control - wood in natura , modified wood at 140 °C and 160 °C. The specimens were made according to ASTM D 1413 (ASTM, 1994), in a total of
热改性木材经过化学、物理和机械改性，导致对木材生物降解剂的抵抗力发生变化。本研究的目的是评估大桉、火炬松和柚木的工业工艺VAP-HolzSysteme®对香菇（褐腐病）和金菇（白腐病）的生物降解抗性，并分析其化学性质、全纤维素、木质素、总提取物和灰分的含量，生物降解前后。每个物种考虑了三种处理：天然对照木材、140°C和160°C下的改性木材。根据ASTM D 1413（ASTM，1994）制备试样，总共
{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF THERMALLY MODIFIED WOOD TO BIODETERIORATION BY XYLOPHAGE FUNGI","authors":"K. Bellon, P. Monteiro, R. J. Klitzke, C. G. Auer, A. S. D. Andrade","doi":"10.1590/01047760202026032727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026032727","url":null,"abstract":"Thermally modified wood undergoes chemical, physical, and mechanical modifications, resulting in changes in resistance to wood biodegrading agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to biodeterioration of thermally modified wood by the industrial process VAP HolzSysteme ® of Eucalyptus grandis , Pinus taeda and Tectona grandis , submitted to the Lentinula edodes fungi (brown rot) and Pleurotus djamor fungi (white rot), and to analyze the chemical properties, contents of holocellulose, lignin, total extracts, and ash, before and after biodeterioration. Three treatments were considered for each species: Control - wood in natura , modified wood at 140 °C and 160 °C. The specimens were made according to ASTM D 1413 (ASTM, 1994), in a total of","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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