Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1301086
Farkhanda Naz, Muhammad Arif, Tan Xue, Changxiao Li
River ecosystem biodiversity and biogeochemical processes are shaped largely by riverside vegetation and soil. Moreover, river ecosystems provide ecological services influenced by the surrounding vegetation and soil interactions. However, the mechanisms by which artificially remediated plants (ARPs) and riparian soil interact to provide these benefits are still unclear among various ARPs. This study fills this gap and examines the impact of ARPs along the riparian zones of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in Chongqing City, China. We sampled four varieties of ARPs from the Ruxi River Basin in the TGD. These varieties included Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Taxodium disticum, and Salix mastudana. Our results indicated substantial changes in soil physicochemical parameters. Comparably, T. distigum contains significantly higher soil chemical contents. Interestingly, principal component analysis explained almost 100% of the variance for all plant species in this study. Moreover, different vegetation types and soil chemical properties were positively correlated using Pearson correlation analysis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all plant species exhibited strong negative correlations with physical characteristics (up to r = −1.00). Specifically, these mechanisms explain the interactions between ARPs and soil from riparian areas in the TGD. Hence, this study may facilitate ecological restoration and land management in degraded riparian areas.
{"title":"Artificially remediated plants impact soil physiochemical properties along the riparian zones of the three gorges dam in China","authors":"Farkhanda Naz, Muhammad Arif, Tan Xue, Changxiao Li","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1301086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1301086","url":null,"abstract":"River ecosystem biodiversity and biogeochemical processes are shaped largely by riverside vegetation and soil. Moreover, river ecosystems provide ecological services influenced by the surrounding vegetation and soil interactions. However, the mechanisms by which artificially remediated plants (ARPs) and riparian soil interact to provide these benefits are still unclear among various ARPs. This study fills this gap and examines the impact of ARPs along the riparian zones of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in Chongqing City, China. We sampled four varieties of ARPs from the Ruxi River Basin in the TGD. These varieties included Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Taxodium disticum, and Salix mastudana. Our results indicated substantial changes in soil physicochemical parameters. Comparably, T. distigum contains significantly higher soil chemical contents. Interestingly, principal component analysis explained almost 100% of the variance for all plant species in this study. Moreover, different vegetation types and soil chemical properties were positively correlated using Pearson correlation analysis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all plant species exhibited strong negative correlations with physical characteristics (up to r = −1.00). Specifically, these mechanisms explain the interactions between ARPs and soil from riparian areas in the TGD. Hence, this study may facilitate ecological restoration and land management in degraded riparian areas.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1300060
Imran Md Jelas, M. A. Zulkifley, Mardina Abdullah, Martin Spraggon
Deforestation poses a critical global threat to Earth’s ecosystem and biodiversity, necessitating effective monitoring and mitigation strategies. The integration of deep learning with remote sensing offers a promising solution for precise deforestation segmentation and detection. This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning methodologies applied to deforestation analysis through satellite imagery. In the face of deforestation’s ecological repercussions, the need for advanced monitoring and surveillance tools becomes evident. Remote sensing, with its capacity to capture extensive spatial data, combined with deep learning’s prowess in recognizing complex patterns to enable precise deforestation assessment. Integration of these technologies through state-of-the-art models, including U-Net, DeepLab V3, ResNet, SegNet, and FCN, has enhanced the accuracy and efficiency in detecting deforestation patterns. The review underscores the pivotal role of satellite imagery in capturing spatial information and highlights the strengths of various deep learning architectures in deforestation analysis. Multiscale feature learning and fusion emerge as critical strategies enabling deep networks to comprehend contextual nuances across various scales. Additionally, attention mechanisms combat overfitting, while group and shuffle convolutions further enhance accuracy by reducing dominant filters’ contribution. These strategies collectively fortify the robustness of deep learning models in deforestation analysis. The integration of deep learning techniques into remote sensing applications serves as an excellent tool for deforestation identification and monitoring. The synergy between these fields, exemplified by the reviewed models, presents hope for preserving invaluable forests. As technology advances, insights from this review will drive the development of more accurate, efficient, and accessible deforestation detection methods, contributing to the sustainable management of the planet’s vital resources.
{"title":"Deforestation detection using deep learning-based semantic segmentation techniques: a systematic review","authors":"Imran Md Jelas, M. A. Zulkifley, Mardina Abdullah, Martin Spraggon","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1300060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1300060","url":null,"abstract":"Deforestation poses a critical global threat to Earth’s ecosystem and biodiversity, necessitating effective monitoring and mitigation strategies. The integration of deep learning with remote sensing offers a promising solution for precise deforestation segmentation and detection. This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning methodologies applied to deforestation analysis through satellite imagery. In the face of deforestation’s ecological repercussions, the need for advanced monitoring and surveillance tools becomes evident. Remote sensing, with its capacity to capture extensive spatial data, combined with deep learning’s prowess in recognizing complex patterns to enable precise deforestation assessment. Integration of these technologies through state-of-the-art models, including U-Net, DeepLab V3, ResNet, SegNet, and FCN, has enhanced the accuracy and efficiency in detecting deforestation patterns. The review underscores the pivotal role of satellite imagery in capturing spatial information and highlights the strengths of various deep learning architectures in deforestation analysis. Multiscale feature learning and fusion emerge as critical strategies enabling deep networks to comprehend contextual nuances across various scales. Additionally, attention mechanisms combat overfitting, while group and shuffle convolutions further enhance accuracy by reducing dominant filters’ contribution. These strategies collectively fortify the robustness of deep learning models in deforestation analysis. The integration of deep learning techniques into remote sensing applications serves as an excellent tool for deforestation identification and monitoring. The synergy between these fields, exemplified by the reviewed models, presents hope for preserving invaluable forests. As technology advances, insights from this review will drive the development of more accurate, efficient, and accessible deforestation detection methods, contributing to the sustainable management of the planet’s vital resources.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1362023
Andrea Pieroni, R. Sõukand
{"title":"Editorial: Ethnoforestry and its link to socio-ecological changes","authors":"Andrea Pieroni, R. Sõukand","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1362023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1362023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1343069
R. S. Bueno, E. Badalamenti, G. Sala, T. La Mantia
The Mediterranean is the European region with the lowest woody cover and the highest level of habitat degradation, being highly susceptible to climate change effects and desertification risk. In such worrying conditions, increasing woody cover and restoring forests is a major goal established in several international commitments. However, recruitment limitation of woody species is rather frequent both within natural regeneration processes and active restoration programs, particularly due to drought, overgrazing, and a lack of post-planting tending operations. Therefore, finding suitable tools to improve the recruitment success of native woody species is of crucial importance.We assessed woody natural regeneration under abandoned prickly pear orchards, olive trees, and nearby open areas in three sites under high desertification risk in central Sicily (Italy). Then, we tested for differences in density, richness, diversity, height, and basal diameter of the woody recruiting species between these three habitats.Natural regeneration was widespread under prickly pear, with 94.6% of the sampled plots showing at least one recruit, in comparison to 61.6% of plots under olive and 22.3% in open areas. Natural regeneration density under prickly pears (114 ± 99 individuals m−2) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than under olive trees (60.4 ± 76.4) and open areas (4.6 ± 9.3). Recruits’ diversity, basal diameter, and height were also significantly higher under prickly pear, concentrating 94.4% of the individuals higher than 100 cm and all late successional species. Our results indicate a great potential for prickly pears to accelerate the natural regeneration of Mediterranean woody species in pear instead of pears under desertification. However, a site-specific evaluation must be made taking into account prickly pear’s historical presence, temporary income as a crop, management capacity and, especially, its invasive potential.
{"title":"A crop for a forest: Opuntia ficus-indica as a tool for the restoration of Mediterranean forests in areas at desertification risk","authors":"R. S. Bueno, E. Badalamenti, G. Sala, T. La Mantia","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1343069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1343069","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean is the European region with the lowest woody cover and the highest level of habitat degradation, being highly susceptible to climate change effects and desertification risk. In such worrying conditions, increasing woody cover and restoring forests is a major goal established in several international commitments. However, recruitment limitation of woody species is rather frequent both within natural regeneration processes and active restoration programs, particularly due to drought, overgrazing, and a lack of post-planting tending operations. Therefore, finding suitable tools to improve the recruitment success of native woody species is of crucial importance.We assessed woody natural regeneration under abandoned prickly pear orchards, olive trees, and nearby open areas in three sites under high desertification risk in central Sicily (Italy). Then, we tested for differences in density, richness, diversity, height, and basal diameter of the woody recruiting species between these three habitats.Natural regeneration was widespread under prickly pear, with 94.6% of the sampled plots showing at least one recruit, in comparison to 61.6% of plots under olive and 22.3% in open areas. Natural regeneration density under prickly pears (114 ± 99 individuals m−2) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than under olive trees (60.4 ± 76.4) and open areas (4.6 ± 9.3). Recruits’ diversity, basal diameter, and height were also significantly higher under prickly pear, concentrating 94.4% of the individuals higher than 100 cm and all late successional species. Our results indicate a great potential for prickly pears to accelerate the natural regeneration of Mediterranean woody species in pear instead of pears under desertification. However, a site-specific evaluation must be made taking into account prickly pear’s historical presence, temporary income as a crop, management capacity and, especially, its invasive potential.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1342135
Farwa Batool, Saraj Bahadur, Wenxing Long
Identifying soil characteristics associated with the plant’s resource use and acquisition strategy at different scales could be a crucial step to understanding community assembly and plant strategy. There is an increasing trend that plant functional properties can be an important driver of ecosystem functioning. However, major knowledge gaps exist about how soil abiotic properties, shape species diversity, above-ground biomass (AGB) and plant functional diversity in the Bawangling tropical forest (TCF) of Hainan island. Hence we hypothesized that plant functional traits and above-ground biomass would be strongly associated with soil abiotic factors given their direct relationship to soil resource acquisition and use. Here, we used 12 plant functional traits (FTs), above-ground biomass (AGB), and five soil nutrients in the Bawangling tropical cloud forest of Hainan Island by using a polynomial regression model and multivariate correlations to show relationship and identify how plants allocate their limited resources to adapt to their surroundings. Various phytosociological attributes were assessed and an Importance Value Index (IVI) value was calculated for each species to determine the dominant species. More than half of the total variations could be attributed to interspecific variations in H, DBH, LA, LMA, and LDW. From a taxonomic perspective; we found that species-level variance was more significant for plant functional traits and soil nutrients like TN, AP, TP, and OM. On the other hand, variation in specific stem density (SSD), leaf thickness (LT), leaf phosphorus (LP) and leaf soluble sugar (LS) was an exception for these tendencies. Among soil nutrients, soil nitrogen and phosphorus significantly impact the species and functional traits. Furthermore, the soil AN and TP we also found to have a comparatively strong positive relationship with above-ground biomass (AGB) as compared with other soil nutrients. The morpho-physiological functional traits showed a trade-off between conservative and acquisitive resource usage. These variations suggested that the relationships of functional traits, AGB, and species with soil nutrients mainly AN and TP in tropical cloud forests can directly affect the growth, reproduction, and survival of the species and are beneficial for the species co-existence and maintenance of biodiversity.
在不同尺度上识别与植物资源利用和获取策略相关的土壤特性，是了解群落组合和植物策略的关键一步。植物的功能特性是生态系统功能的重要驱动力，这一趋势正在不断加强。然而，在海南岛霸王岭热带雨林（TCF）中，关于土壤非生物属性如何影响物种多样性、地上生物量（AGB）和植物功能多样性的知识还存在很大差距。因此，我们假设植物功能性状和地上生物量与土壤非生物因素密切相关，因为它们与土壤资源的获取和利用直接相关。在此，我们利用海南岛霸王岭热带云雾林中的12个植物功能性状（FTs）、地上生物量（AGB）和5种土壤养分，通过多项式回归模型和多元相关性来显示两者之间的关系，并确定植物如何分配其有限的资源以适应周围环境。评估了各种植物社会学属性，并计算了每个物种的重要价值指数（IVI）值，以确定优势物种。总变化的一半以上可归因于 H、DBH、LA、LMA 和 LDW 的种间差异。从分类学的角度来看，我们发现物种水平的差异在植物功能特性和土壤养分（如 TN、AP、TP 和 OM）方面更为显著。另一方面，比茎密度（SSD）、叶片厚度（LT）、叶磷（LP）和叶片可溶性糖（LS）的变异与上述趋势不同。在土壤养分中，土壤氮和磷对物种和功能性状有显著影响。此外，与其他土壤养分相比，我们还发现土壤 AN 和 TP 与地上生物量（AGB）有较强的正相关关系。形态-生理功能性状显示了资源利用的保守性和获取性之间的权衡。这些变化表明，热带云雾林中的功能性状、地上生物量和物种与以 AN 和 TP 为主的土壤养分的关系会直接影响物种的生长、繁殖和生存，有利于物种共存和生物多样性的维持。
{"title":"Soil nutrients determine leaf traits and above-ground biomass in the tropical cloud forest of Hainan Island","authors":"Farwa Batool, Saraj Bahadur, Wenxing Long","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1342135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1342135","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying soil characteristics associated with the plant’s resource use and acquisition strategy at different scales could be a crucial step to understanding community assembly and plant strategy. There is an increasing trend that plant functional properties can be an important driver of ecosystem functioning. However, major knowledge gaps exist about how soil abiotic properties, shape species diversity, above-ground biomass (AGB) and plant functional diversity in the Bawangling tropical forest (TCF) of Hainan island. Hence we hypothesized that plant functional traits and above-ground biomass would be strongly associated with soil abiotic factors given their direct relationship to soil resource acquisition and use. Here, we used 12 plant functional traits (FTs), above-ground biomass (AGB), and five soil nutrients in the Bawangling tropical cloud forest of Hainan Island by using a polynomial regression model and multivariate correlations to show relationship and identify how plants allocate their limited resources to adapt to their surroundings. Various phytosociological attributes were assessed and an Importance Value Index (IVI) value was calculated for each species to determine the dominant species. More than half of the total variations could be attributed to interspecific variations in H, DBH, LA, LMA, and LDW. From a taxonomic perspective; we found that species-level variance was more significant for plant functional traits and soil nutrients like TN, AP, TP, and OM. On the other hand, variation in specific stem density (SSD), leaf thickness (LT), leaf phosphorus (LP) and leaf soluble sugar (LS) was an exception for these tendencies. Among soil nutrients, soil nitrogen and phosphorus significantly impact the species and functional traits. Furthermore, the soil AN and TP we also found to have a comparatively strong positive relationship with above-ground biomass (AGB) as compared with other soil nutrients. The morpho-physiological functional traits showed a trade-off between conservative and acquisitive resource usage. These variations suggested that the relationships of functional traits, AGB, and species with soil nutrients mainly AN and TP in tropical cloud forests can directly affect the growth, reproduction, and survival of the species and are beneficial for the species co-existence and maintenance of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"95 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1363762
S. Addo-Danso, Camille E. Defrenne, Daniela Yaffar, L. F. Lugli
{"title":"Editorial: Insights into forest ecosystem belowground processes and functioning in a changing environment","authors":"S. Addo-Danso, Camille E. Defrenne, Daniela Yaffar, L. F. Lugli","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1363762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1363762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"121 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1335116
Lu Jia, K. Yu, Zhanbin Li, Peng Li, Peijuan Cong, Binbin Li
The rapid development of the social economy and the continuous change in land use have greatly altered the ecological risk of the regional landscape. This study focused on the Yangtze River Basin in China and aimed to examine the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of landscape ecological risk (LER) over a period of 34 years (1982–2015), after determining the optimal sub-watershed scale. Based on the conditional probability framework, the non-linear response of NPP to LER was revealed. Finally, the primary driving factors of LER were explored, and additional potential causes for changes in NPP were discussed. The study findings indicated that the mean annual LER of the Yangtze River Basin exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by high values observed in the western regions and low values in the eastern regions at the optimal sub-basin scale. Specifically, 30.56 and 22.22% of the sub-basins demonstrated a significant upward and downward trend in annual LER, respectively (P < 0.05). The spatial distribution pattern of the mean annual NPP demonstrated high values in the middle region and low values in the western area, with annual NPP significantly increasing in 94.44% of the sub-basins (P < 0.05). The relationship between annual NPP and annual LER was found to be non-linear, indicating that higher annual LER results in a higher probability of median and high values of annual NPP from the perspective of watershed average. Furthermore, climate factors emerged as the main influencing factor of the NPP. Based on these discoveries, upcoming endeavors should concentrate on optimizing landscape formations and executing a judicious distribution of plant species.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal pattern of landscape ecological risk in the Yangtze River Basin and its influence on NPP","authors":"Lu Jia, K. Yu, Zhanbin Li, Peng Li, Peijuan Cong, Binbin Li","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1335116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1335116","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the social economy and the continuous change in land use have greatly altered the ecological risk of the regional landscape. This study focused on the Yangtze River Basin in China and aimed to examine the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of landscape ecological risk (LER) over a period of 34 years (1982–2015), after determining the optimal sub-watershed scale. Based on the conditional probability framework, the non-linear response of NPP to LER was revealed. Finally, the primary driving factors of LER were explored, and additional potential causes for changes in NPP were discussed. The study findings indicated that the mean annual LER of the Yangtze River Basin exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by high values observed in the western regions and low values in the eastern regions at the optimal sub-basin scale. Specifically, 30.56 and 22.22% of the sub-basins demonstrated a significant upward and downward trend in annual LER, respectively (P < 0.05). The spatial distribution pattern of the mean annual NPP demonstrated high values in the middle region and low values in the western area, with annual NPP significantly increasing in 94.44% of the sub-basins (P < 0.05). The relationship between annual NPP and annual LER was found to be non-linear, indicating that higher annual LER results in a higher probability of median and high values of annual NPP from the perspective of watershed average. Furthermore, climate factors emerged as the main influencing factor of the NPP. Based on these discoveries, upcoming endeavors should concentrate on optimizing landscape formations and executing a judicious distribution of plant species.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"131 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1292364
M. Udahogora, Zhaoping Yang, Han Fang, P. M. Kayumba, Richard Mind’je
Ensuring the protection and restoration of forest ecosystems is vital to maintaining and restoring ecological balance in deforested or degraded landscapes. However, sustainable development faces challenges from high human impacts on natural forest ecosystems, insufficient advanced conservation measures, and limited engagement of local communities in developing nations. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of spatial remote sensing datasets in examining the landscape pattern changes within the transboundary Nyungwe-Kibira Forest from 2000 to 2019. This aimed to emphasize the necessity of understanding the intricate dynamics of this ecosystem and its susceptibility to human activities in order to bolster diverse restoration initiatives throughout the region.The landscape pattern change in the Nyungwe-Kibira between 2000 and 2019 was analysed using high-resolution Landsat data. This analysis encompassed an evaluation of the dynamics of changes in built-up, cropland, and forest areas within the region. Especially, primary data derived from the Landsat dataset and secondary data from reports such as the Outlook Report were employed to elucidate the ongoing landscape transformation within and surrounding the transboundary forest.The analysis revealed a net change of +62.3% and +18.07% in built-up and cropland areas, resulting in a gross change of 14,133 ha and 6,322 ha in built-up and cropland areas, respectively. Furthermore, the forest experienced an overall gain of 9.11%, corresponding to a net loss of 6.92% due to deforestation, estimated at -14,764 ha. The analysis also indicated that built-up areas accounted for approximately 33.02% of the net forest loss, primarily affecting the northern edge of the Rwanda region, while cropland expansion contributed to a net loss of forest (-9.48%), predominantly impacting the southeast portion of the forest in Burundi. Additionally, the forest is predicted to decrease by 0.74% by 2030, with current findings showing aggregated forest and cropland at 66% and 7%, dissected rangeland at 24%, and created built-up areas at 3%. The findings indicate that the Nyungwe-Kibira Forest is undergoing notable transformations, highlighting the necessity of land-based projects and mitigation plans to facilitate the restoration of the forest from its historical changes. Without proactive measures, an ongoing decrease in forest area by 2030 is anticipated.
{"title":"Exploring the landscape pattern change analysis for the transboundary Nyungwe-Kibira Forest (2000–2019): a spatially explicit assessment","authors":"M. Udahogora, Zhaoping Yang, Han Fang, P. M. Kayumba, Richard Mind’je","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1292364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1292364","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the protection and restoration of forest ecosystems is vital to maintaining and restoring ecological balance in deforested or degraded landscapes. However, sustainable development faces challenges from high human impacts on natural forest ecosystems, insufficient advanced conservation measures, and limited engagement of local communities in developing nations. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of spatial remote sensing datasets in examining the landscape pattern changes within the transboundary Nyungwe-Kibira Forest from 2000 to 2019. This aimed to emphasize the necessity of understanding the intricate dynamics of this ecosystem and its susceptibility to human activities in order to bolster diverse restoration initiatives throughout the region.The landscape pattern change in the Nyungwe-Kibira between 2000 and 2019 was analysed using high-resolution Landsat data. This analysis encompassed an evaluation of the dynamics of changes in built-up, cropland, and forest areas within the region. Especially, primary data derived from the Landsat dataset and secondary data from reports such as the Outlook Report were employed to elucidate the ongoing landscape transformation within and surrounding the transboundary forest.The analysis revealed a net change of +62.3% and +18.07% in built-up and cropland areas, resulting in a gross change of 14,133 ha and 6,322 ha in built-up and cropland areas, respectively. Furthermore, the forest experienced an overall gain of 9.11%, corresponding to a net loss of 6.92% due to deforestation, estimated at -14,764 ha. The analysis also indicated that built-up areas accounted for approximately 33.02% of the net forest loss, primarily affecting the northern edge of the Rwanda region, while cropland expansion contributed to a net loss of forest (-9.48%), predominantly impacting the southeast portion of the forest in Burundi. Additionally, the forest is predicted to decrease by 0.74% by 2030, with current findings showing aggregated forest and cropland at 66% and 7%, dissected rangeland at 24%, and created built-up areas at 3%. The findings indicate that the Nyungwe-Kibira Forest is undergoing notable transformations, highlighting the necessity of land-based projects and mitigation plans to facilitate the restoration of the forest from its historical changes. Without proactive measures, an ongoing decrease in forest area by 2030 is anticipated.","PeriodicalId":507254,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"79 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1346966
Arshad Ali
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Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1278803
E. Ávila-Lovera, Klaus Winter
Bark conductance to water vapor (gbark) is an important determinant of drought tolerance in tropical plants. Examining species differences in bark conductance can provide useful information about the resilience of tropical trees to ongoing climate change. Values of gbark are positively related to stem photosynthetic rate in desert species, showing that increased stem photosynthesis capacity is associated with increased bark conductance to water vapor. We determined whether stem morphometric traits, bioclimatic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation), and shared evolutionary history help explain variation in gbark among tropical plant species. We surveyed 94 species (90 trees and 4 liana species) from lowland and mid-elevation forests in Panama and estimated gbark, stem diameter, specific stem area, bark thickness, sapwood area, and bark and wood density. Climate data were extracted from CHELSA 2.1 and Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá. Phylogenetic signal was estimated using Blomberg’s K statistic and Pagel’s λ. Bark conductance decreased with an increase in bark thickness and relative bark thickness, and was positively related to mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature. We also determined the temperature response of gbark of six plant species (five trees and one liana) from a lowland forest. In all six species, gbark decreased as air temperature increased from 20 to 50°C. There was a significant phylogenetic signal in gbark, with closely related species resembling each other more than distantly related species. We conclude that interspecific differences in gbark of Neotropical tree species depend on all three factors studied: stem morphometry, climate, and evolutionary history.
树皮对水蒸气的传导性（gbark）是热带植物耐旱性的一个重要决定因素。研究树皮对水蒸气的传导性的物种差异可以提供热带树木对持续气候变化的适应能力的有用信息。在沙漠物种中，gbark值与茎光合速率呈正相关，表明茎光合作用能力的提高与树皮对水蒸气传导性的提高有关。我们确定了茎的形态特征、生物气候变量（如温度和降水）以及共同的进化史是否有助于解释热带植物物种间树皮的变异。我们调查了巴拿马低地和中海拔森林中的 94 个物种（90 个乔木物种和 4 个藤本植物物种），并估算了树皮、茎干直径、特定茎干面积、树皮厚度、边材面积以及树皮和木材密度。气候数据来自 CHELSA 2.1 和 Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá。树皮传导率随树皮厚度和相对树皮厚度的增加而降低，并与年平均降水量和年平均气温呈正相关。我们还测定了低地森林中六种植物（五种乔木和一种藤本植物）树皮对温度的响应。所有六个物种的树皮都随着气温从 20°C 上升到 50°C 而减少。树皮有明显的系统发育信号，亲缘关系近的物种比亲缘关系远的物种更相似。我们的结论是，新热带树种树皮的种间差异取决于所研究的所有三个因素：茎干形态、气候和进化历史。
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