Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a12
M. Meiado, Thieres Santos Almeida
Summary: In situ conservation is an effective way to conserve living organisms, particularly endangered species. One way to encourage and guarantee in situ conservation is the creation of Conservation Units. Thus, this study points out which endangered cacti are protected in these Conservation Units and which are living in unprotected areas. Furthermore, we also discuss the effectiveness of these different types of Conservation Units in protecting these endangered cacti. Initially, we made up a list of all Cactaceae species in Brazil to assign their respective extinction risk category. This list was prepared according to the ‘Flora do Brasil’ database, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and the book Cacti of Eastern Brazil. We only included cacti assigned to the Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered categories. We also obtained information about the phytogeographic domain and Conservation Unit where cacti grow. There are 272 species and thirty-seven genera of the Cactaceae family in Brazil. Cacti grow in all six Brazilian phytogeographic domains. We found 135 species grouped into twenty-three genera threatened with extinction in Brazil. Parodia Speg. (nineteen species), Pilosocereus Byles & Rowley (sixteen species) and Rhipsalis Gaertn. (sixteen species) are the genera with the largest number of endangered species. There is no record of endangered cacti in the Amazon Rainforest. The largest number of endangered taxa are in the Cerrado (fifty-two taxa), Caatinga (fifty-one taxa), and Atlantic Forest (forty-eight taxa). We found that about 50% of these taxa grow in unprotected areas outside Conservation Units, which means that most endangered cacti are not safe in Brazil. If we do not take urgent protection actions for their conservation, many endangered cacti will be extinct from the wild in a few years in Brazil.
{"title":"Are endangered cacti safe in Brazil?","authors":"M. Meiado, Thieres Santos Almeida","doi":"10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a12","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: In situ conservation is an effective way to conserve living organisms, particularly endangered species. One way to encourage and guarantee in situ conservation is the creation of Conservation Units. Thus, this study points out which endangered cacti are protected in these Conservation Units and which are living in unprotected areas. Furthermore, we also discuss the effectiveness of these different types of Conservation Units in protecting these endangered cacti. Initially, we made up a list of all Cactaceae species in Brazil to assign their respective extinction risk category. This list was prepared according to the ‘Flora do Brasil’ database, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and the book Cacti of Eastern Brazil. We only included cacti assigned to the Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered categories. We also obtained information about the phytogeographic domain and Conservation Unit where cacti grow. There are 272 species and thirty-seven genera of the Cactaceae family in Brazil. Cacti grow in all six Brazilian phytogeographic domains. We found 135 species grouped into twenty-three genera threatened with extinction in Brazil. Parodia Speg. (nineteen species), Pilosocereus Byles & Rowley (sixteen species) and Rhipsalis Gaertn. (sixteen species) are the genera with the largest number of endangered species. There is no record of endangered cacti in the Amazon Rainforest. The largest number of endangered taxa are in the Cerrado (fifty-two taxa), Caatinga (fifty-one taxa), and Atlantic Forest (forty-eight taxa). We found that about 50% of these taxa grow in unprotected areas outside Conservation Units, which means that most endangered cacti are not safe in Brazil. If we do not take urgent protection actions for their conservation, many endangered cacti will be extinct from the wild in a few years in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2022 1","pages":"122 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41312447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a29
G. Thomson
Summary: The small early fifteenth-century Rosslyn Chapel in the village of Roslin in Scotland is renowned for its extravagant carved masonry and for various myths and tales, including the suggestion that the ancestor of the founder travelled to North America before Columbus, based on the supposed presence of sculptured maize and Aloe vera. Although the identification of the succulent has been questioned before, no objective analysis has been indertaken. This paper presents a comparison of the morphology of the plant with the carvings and concludes that they constitute abstract, possibly botanical, decorative features and are not illustrations of Aloe vera.
{"title":"Aloe vera and the identity of the plant carvings in Rosslyn Chapel, Scotland","authors":"G. Thomson","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a29","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The small early fifteenth-century Rosslyn Chapel in the village of Roslin in Scotland is renowned for its extravagant carved masonry and for various myths and tales, including the suggestion that the ancestor of the founder travelled to North America before Columbus, based on the supposed presence of sculptured maize and Aloe vera. Although the identification of the succulent has been questioned before, no objective analysis has been indertaken. This paper presents a comparison of the morphology of the plant with the carvings and concludes that they constitute abstract, possibly botanical, decorative features and are not illustrations of Aloe vera.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"265 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42574338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a15
Gideon F. Smith
Summary: Summary: The endemic southern African species Kalanchoe decumbens Compton (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), which was most recently treated as a synonym of K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw., is reinstated. These two species are closely related but K. decumbens differs in having narrowly oblong, somewhat clavate, round-tipped leaves that often curl upwards along the margins giving them the appearance of being channelled above. At reproductive maturity plants are often decumbent, with only the upper parts of the peduncles turned upwards. The upper part of the floral tube is most often a near fluorescent orange-red to deep red colour, with the centres of the lobes sometimes slightly yellowish-infused. An amplified description is provided for K. decumbens and the species is illustrated.
{"title":"Reinstatement of Kalanchoe decumbens Compton (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an endemic species from eastern southern Africa","authors":"Gideon F. Smith","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a15","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Summary: The endemic southern African species Kalanchoe decumbens Compton (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), which was most recently treated as a synonym of K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw., is reinstated. These two species are closely related but K. decumbens differs in having narrowly oblong, somewhat clavate, round-tipped leaves that often curl upwards along the margins giving them the appearance of being channelled above. At reproductive maturity plants are often decumbent, with only the upper parts of the peduncles turned upwards. The upper part of the floral tube is most often a near fluorescent orange-red to deep red colour, with the centres of the lobes sometimes slightly yellowish-infused. An amplified description is provided for K. decumbens and the species is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"163 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a19
Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo, A. Hankey
Summary: The identity of the little-known Kalanchoe lubangensis R.Fern. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is clarified. An amplified description is provided for this endemic species from southwestern Angola, aspects of its ecology are discussed, and it is illustrated. Kalanchoe lubangensis is compared to K. brachyloba Welw., a likely close relative. The natural geographical distribution range of K. lubangensis is extended to the Namibe province of Angola; previously it was only known from the Huíla province of that country.
{"title":"The identity of Kalanchoe lubangensis R.Fern. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a little-known species endemic to southwestern Angola, with an extension of its distribution range","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo, A. Hankey","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a19","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The identity of the little-known Kalanchoe lubangensis R.Fern. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is clarified. An amplified description is provided for this endemic species from southwestern Angola, aspects of its ecology are discussed, and it is illustrated. Kalanchoe lubangensis is compared to K. brachyloba Welw., a likely close relative. The natural geographical distribution range of K. lubangensis is extended to the Namibe province of Angola; previously it was only known from the Huíla province of that country.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"188 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43014638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a25
J. Shaw
Summary: Cacalia cuneifolia L. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Othonninae) is known only from a single sterile fragment (UPS-Thunberg 18757). It is suggested that this specimen may well be Linnaeus' missing original material that was later remounted and incorporated in the Thunberg herbarium, and subsequently regarded as a Thunberg collection. It is not related to Senecio kleiniiformis Suess., but represents a species of Othonna L., probably O. arborescens L.
{"title":"The identity of Cacalia cuneifolia L.","authors":"J. Shaw","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a25","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Cacalia cuneifolia L. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Othonninae) is known only from a single sterile fragment (UPS-Thunberg 18757). It is suggested that this specimen may well be Linnaeus' missing original material that was later remounted and incorporated in the Thunberg herbarium, and subsequently regarded as a Thunberg collection. It is not related to Senecio kleiniiformis Suess., but represents a species of Othonna L., probably O. arborescens L.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"242 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41997773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a30
Jonathan Y. Clark
{"title":"Gordon Douglas Rowley 1921–2019: an appreciation","authors":"Jonathan Y. Clark","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"271 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a14
N. Crouch, Gideon F. Smith, D. Styles
Summary: The taxonomic status of Crassula multicava Lem. subsp. floribunda Friedrich ex Toelken (C. sect. Anacampseroideae Haw.) is reassessed and raised to that of species, as C. floribunda (Friedrich ex Toelken) N.R.Crouch, Gideon F.Sm. & D.Styles. Distribution maps and descriptions for the allopatric subtropical species C. multicava and C. floribunda are provided, and vegetative and reproductive characters that distinguish them noted and illustrated. The name C. quadrifida Baker, a synonym of C. multicava, does not have a holotype and a previous lectotypification must stand. The name C. quadrifida is epitypified on a specimen previously thought to be its holotype.
摘要:龙葵的分类地位。无性系种群。floribunda Friedrich ex Toelken (C. sect. anacampserideae Haw.)被重新评估并提升到物种的水平，作为C. floribunda (Friedrich ex Toelken) n.r.c orcrouch, Gideon F.Sm。& D.Styles。本文提供了亚热带异域分布的多ava和C. floribunda的分布图和描述，并说明了它们的营养和生殖特征。C. quadriida Baker是C. multicava的同义词，它的名字不具有全型，必须具有先前的lectotypation。C. quadriida这个名字是在一个以前被认为是它的原型的标本上体现出来的。
{"title":"Crassula floribunda (Friedrich ex Toelken) N.R.Crouch, Gideon F.Sm. & D.Styles (Crassulaceae), a new status for a species endemic to central KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa","authors":"N. Crouch, Gideon F. Smith, D. Styles","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a14","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The taxonomic status of Crassula multicava Lem. subsp. floribunda Friedrich ex Toelken (C. sect. Anacampseroideae Haw.) is reassessed and raised to that of species, as C. floribunda (Friedrich ex Toelken) N.R.Crouch, Gideon F.Sm. & D.Styles. Distribution maps and descriptions for the allopatric subtropical species C. multicava and C. floribunda are provided, and vegetative and reproductive characters that distinguish them noted and illustrated. The name C. quadrifida Baker, a synonym of C. multicava, does not have a holotype and a previous lectotypification must stand. The name C. quadrifida is epitypified on a specimen previously thought to be its holotype.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"153 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43428172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16
Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo, N. Crouch
Summary: The natural geographical distribution range of Kalanchoe waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), previously documented only from the type locality, is extended by about 80km in a northeasterly direction in the Waterberg in northern South Africa.
{"title":"Expanding the known geographical distribution range of Kalanchoe waterbergensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in northern South Africa","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo, N. Crouch","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The natural geographical distribution range of Kalanchoe waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), previously documented only from the type locality, is extended by about 80km in a northeasterly direction in the Waterberg in northern South Africa.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"172 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-12DOI: 10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18
Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo
Summary: The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) are discussed. Based on available morphological evidence we regard K. hauseri as an accepted, but insufficiently known Angolan species, and do not include it in the synonymy of K. scapigera Welw. The plant collecting activities of Friedrich [Martin Joseph] Welwitsch in Angola are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from Angola, with notes on Friedrich Welwitsch's collecting activities in the country","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo","doi":"10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) are discussed. Based on available morphological evidence we regard K. hauseri as an accepted, but insufficiently known Angolan species, and do not include it in the synonymy of K. scapigera Welw. The plant collecting activities of Friedrich [Martin Joseph] Welwitsch in Angola are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":50726,"journal":{"name":"Bradleya","volume":"2021 1","pages":"182 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46207792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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