Pub Date : 2022-06-24eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/7566033
Xinlei Zhou, Junpei Li, Chao Yu, Wangsheng Fang, Yanyou Xie, Li Wang, Si Shen, Wei Zhou, Lingjuan Zhu, Tao Wang, Xiao Huang, Huihui Bao, Jianglong Tu, Xiaoshu Cheng
Objectives: Cognitive decline could be seen as the sign of preclinical phase of dementia, which was found to be sex differentiated. Previous studies had discovered that there might be some link between abnormal sleep duration and cognitive performance. Additionally, hypertension was found to be one of the important risk factors for cognitive decline and abnormal sleep duration was also a significant risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance and to further explore potential effect modifiers that may exist.
Methods: Data analyzed in this study was from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. Sleep duration was assessed with a sleep questionnaire and categorized as <5 hours, 5-8 hours, and ≥8 hours. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Result: A total of 9527 subjects were included. The average age was 63.7 ± 9.8 years. Linear regression analyses showed that the association between long sleep duration (≥8 h) and MMSE score adjusting for pertinent covariables was stronger in female (β = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.68, P < 0.001) than in male (β = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, P = 0.013). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between sleep duration and age on cognitive performance only in female.
Conclusion: In summary, this study found that long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, this association was more pronounced in female than in male, especially in older female.
{"title":"Sex Modified the Association between Sleep Duration and worse Cognitive Performance in Chinese Hypertensive Population: Insight from the China H-Type Hypertension Registry Study.","authors":"Xinlei Zhou, Junpei Li, Chao Yu, Wangsheng Fang, Yanyou Xie, Li Wang, Si Shen, Wei Zhou, Lingjuan Zhu, Tao Wang, Xiao Huang, Huihui Bao, Jianglong Tu, Xiaoshu Cheng","doi":"10.1155/2022/7566033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7566033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cognitive decline could be seen as the sign of preclinical phase of dementia, which was found to be sex differentiated. Previous studies had discovered that there might be some link between abnormal sleep duration and cognitive performance. Additionally, hypertension was found to be one of the important risk factors for cognitive decline and abnormal sleep duration was also a significant risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance and to further explore potential effect modifiers that may exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data analyzed in this study was from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. Sleep duration was assessed with a sleep questionnaire and categorized as <5 hours, 5-8 hours, and ≥8 hours. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 9527 subjects were included. The average age was 63.7 ± 9.8 years. Linear regression analyses showed that the association between long sleep duration (≥8 h) and MMSE score adjusting for pertinent covariables was stronger in female (<i>β</i> = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.68, <i>P</i> < 0.001) than in male (<i>β</i> = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, <i>P</i> = 0.013). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between sleep duration and age on cognitive performance only in female.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study found that long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, this association was more pronounced in female than in male, especially in older female.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40468370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/2900628
Majid Taati, Peyman Esmaeili Fard Barzegar, Abbas Raisi
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone which is produced in the enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and the neurons of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brain which has numerous metabolic effects. The central GLP-1R's role in cognitive functioning is well known. On the contrary, it has been shown that exercise has positive effects on brain function. So, we decided to elucidate whether the central GLP-1 has a role in memory and learning. Thirty-two rats were used in this experiment in 4 groups. After anesthetizing the rats, the right lateral ventricle was detected, and a cannula was directed to the ventricle. Ten micrograms of exendin-3 or sterile saline, according to the group, was injected via ICV once daily for seven days. The rats in the exercise group considered an exercise period of one hour each day (17 meters per minute) for seven consecutive days. To evaluate the performance of memory and learning, a standard Morris water maze (MWM) tank was utilized. According to the results, the TE-exendin group showed a statistically significant difference from the TE-SAL group in both parameters of latency and time in the zone. In summary, memory and learning were improved by GLP-1R in the exercise group, but not in the sedentary group, which we can hypothesize that exercise can affect memory and learning through this pathway.
胰高血糖素样肽1 (glucagon-like peptide 1, GLP-1)是一种在回肠肠内分泌l细胞和脑孤束核(NTS)神经元中产生的具有多种代谢作用的激素。GLP-1R在认知功能中的核心作用是众所周知的。相反，已经证明运动对大脑功能有积极的影响。因此，我们决定阐明GLP-1是否在记忆和学习中起作用。实验选用32只大鼠，分为4组。麻醉大鼠后，检测右侧脑室，并将导管插入脑室。各组按10微克exendin-3或无菌生理盐水，每日1次经ICV注射，连续7天。运动组大鼠每天运动1小时(每分钟17米)，连续7天。采用标准莫里斯水迷宫(Morris water maze, MWM)水箱评价大鼠的记忆和学习能力。结果显示，TE-exendin组与TE-SAL组在潜伏期和区域内时间参数上均有统计学差异。综上所述，GLP-1R在运动组中改善了记忆和学习，而在久坐组中没有改善，我们可以假设运动可以通过这一途径影响记忆和学习。
{"title":"Exercise Improves Spatial Learning and Memory Performance through the Central GLP-1 Receptors.","authors":"Majid Taati, Peyman Esmaeili Fard Barzegar, Abbas Raisi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2900628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2900628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone which is produced in the enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and the neurons of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brain which has numerous metabolic effects. The central GLP-1R's role in cognitive functioning is well known. On the contrary, it has been shown that exercise has positive effects on brain function. So, we decided to elucidate whether the central GLP-1 has a role in memory and learning. Thirty-two rats were used in this experiment in 4 groups. After anesthetizing the rats, the right lateral ventricle was detected, and a cannula was directed to the ventricle. Ten micrograms of exendin-3 or sterile saline, according to the group, was injected via ICV once daily for seven days. The rats in the exercise group considered an exercise period of one hour each day (17 meters per minute) for seven consecutive days. To evaluate the performance of memory and learning, a standard Morris water maze (MWM) tank was utilized. According to the results, the TE-exendin group showed a statistically significant difference from the TE-SAL group in both parameters of latency and time in the zone. In summary, memory and learning were improved by GLP-1R in the exercise group, but not in the sedentary group, which we can hypothesize that exercise can affect memory and learning through this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9239811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40550759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/3438078
Qiankun Huang, Jing Zhao, Weiqing Jiang, Wenfeng Wang
Background: Decreased cognitive function is a common problem in the old adults, which has high risk of progression to Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and other dementias. This study was aimed at finding out the association between physical activity and cognitive function.
Methods: In total, 1514 participants with the age ≥ 55 years old registered in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database were selected in this study. The association between physical activity and cognitive function was analyzed via the generalized additive model. The association between the variables and the cognitive function score was expressed as β coefficient with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: After adjusting age, ethnicity, stratum, marital status, education, memory status, and memory changes, the cognitive function score was increased by 0.011 points for every 1-point increase in domestic score (β = 0.011, P = 0.043). Subgroup analysis indicated that in the female group, for every 1-point increase in the domestic score, the cognitive function score increased by 0.019 points (β = 0.019, P = 0.017). In people with good memory status, each 1-point increase in domestic score increased the cognitive function score of 0.020 points (β = 0.020, P = 0.017).
Conclusions: The decreased cognitive function was correlated with decreased domestic physical activity. The increased domestic physical activity was associated with an increased cognitive function in females and people with good memory status. The findings might offer a reference for deep understanding of the association between physical activity and cognitive function.
背景:认知功能下降是老年人的常见问题，其发展为阿尔茨海默病(AD)和其他痴呆症的风险很高。这项研究的目的是找出体力活动和认知功能之间的关系。方法:选取中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据库中登记的年龄≥55岁的受试者1514名。通过广义加性模型分析了体力活动与认知功能之间的关系。各变量与认知功能评分的相关性以95%置信区间(ci)的β系数表示。结果:调整年龄、种族、阶层、婚姻状况、教育程度、记忆状况和记忆变化后，家庭得分每提高1分，认知功能得分提高0.011分(β = 0.011, P = 0.043)。亚组分析显示，女性组家庭评分每提高1分，认知功能评分提高0.019分(β = 0.019, P = 0.017)。在记忆状态良好的人群中，家庭评分每增加1分，认知功能评分增加0.020分(β = 0.020, P = 0.017)。结论:认知功能下降与家庭体力活动减少有关。增加的家庭体力活动与女性和记忆力良好的人的认知功能增加有关。这一发现可能为深入理解体育活动与认知功能之间的关系提供参考。
{"title":"The Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Qiankun Huang, Jing Zhao, Weiqing Jiang, Wenfeng Wang","doi":"10.1155/2022/3438078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3438078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decreased cognitive function is a common problem in the old adults, which has high risk of progression to Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and other dementias. This study was aimed at finding out the association between physical activity and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 1514 participants with the age ≥ 55 years old registered in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) database were selected in this study. The association between physical activity and cognitive function was analyzed via the generalized additive model. The association between the variables and the cognitive function score was expressed as <i>β</i> coefficient with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting age, ethnicity, stratum, marital status, education, memory status, and memory changes, the cognitive function score was increased by 0.011 points for every 1-point increase in domestic score (<i>β</i> = 0.011, <i>P</i> = 0.043). Subgroup analysis indicated that in the female group, for every 1-point increase in the domestic score, the cognitive function score increased by 0.019 points (<i>β</i> = 0.019, <i>P</i> = 0.017). In people with good memory status, each 1-point increase in domestic score increased the cognitive function score of 0.020 points (<i>β</i> = 0.020, <i>P</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The decreased cognitive function was correlated with decreased domestic physical activity. The increased domestic physical activity was associated with an increased cognitive function in females and people with good memory status. The findings might offer a reference for deep understanding of the association between physical activity and cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40409696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aguilar-Peralta, Alejandro González-Vázquez, Constantino Tomás-Sanchez, Victor M Blanco-Alvarez, D. Martínez-Fong, J. González-Barrios, I. D. Limón, Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña, G. Flores, Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez, E. Brambila, J. Cebada, Viridiana Vargas-Castro, B. A. Leon-Chavez
Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.
{"title":"Prophylactic Zinc Administration Combined with Swimming Exercise Prevents Cognitive-Emotional Disturbances and Tissue Injury following a Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in the Rat","authors":"A. Aguilar-Peralta, Alejandro González-Vázquez, Constantino Tomás-Sanchez, Victor M Blanco-Alvarez, D. Martínez-Fong, J. González-Barrios, I. D. Limón, Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña, G. Flores, Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez, E. Brambila, J. Cebada, Viridiana Vargas-Castro, B. A. Leon-Chavez","doi":"10.1155/2022/5388944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5388944","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46280662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, Z. Lorigooini, Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni, Marziyeh Taji, H. Amini-khoei
Methods In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into 8 groups and received the following: normal saline; EA at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; NMDA agonist at a dose of 75 mg/kg; NMDA antagonist (ketamine) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg; an effective dose of EA plus NMDA agonist; and a subeffective dose of EA plus ketamine. We induced seizure using intravenous administration of PTZ. 60 minutes before induction of seizure, drugs were administrated. Duration lasts to seizure-induced was measured. Finally, the gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits (Nr2a and Nr2b) was assessed in the prefrontal cortex. Results Results showed that EA increased the seizure threshold and decreased the expression of Nr2a and Nr2b. We determined that ketamine potentiated and NMDA attenuated the effects of subeffective and effective doses of EA. Conclusion EA probably via attenuation of the NMDA-R pathway possesses an anticonvulsant effect in PTZ-induced seizure in mice.
{"title":"The Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Ellagic Acid in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Male Mice","authors":"Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, Z. Lorigooini, Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni, Marziyeh Taji, H. Amini-khoei","doi":"10.1155/2022/9015842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9015842","url":null,"abstract":"Methods In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into 8 groups and received the following: normal saline; EA at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; NMDA agonist at a dose of 75 mg/kg; NMDA antagonist (ketamine) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg; an effective dose of EA plus NMDA agonist; and a subeffective dose of EA plus ketamine. We induced seizure using intravenous administration of PTZ. 60 minutes before induction of seizure, drugs were administrated. Duration lasts to seizure-induced was measured. Finally, the gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits (Nr2a and Nr2b) was assessed in the prefrontal cortex. Results Results showed that EA increased the seizure threshold and decreased the expression of Nr2a and Nr2b. We determined that ketamine potentiated and NMDA attenuated the effects of subeffective and effective doses of EA. Conclusion EA probably via attenuation of the NMDA-R pathway possesses an anticonvulsant effect in PTZ-induced seizure in mice.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paloma Macías-García, Raúl Rashid-López, Á. J. Cruz-Gómez, Elena Lozano-Soto, Florencia Sanmartino, R. Espinosa-Rosso, J. González-Rosa
Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a common and potentially serious manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are frequently overlooked in favor of a focus on motor symptomatology. Here, we conducted a literature review of the prevalence and type of NPS experienced by PD patients with a clinically defined course of their illness. Methods We identified reports of NPS in patients with PD and mean disease duration over 3 years. Three databases—PubMed, Scopus, and Dialnet—were searched for relevant literature published between 2010 and 2020. Predefined exclusion criteria were applied prior to a descriptive analysis of the literature base. Results In all, 87 unique reports were identified and 30 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included 7142 patients with PD (male: 67.3%; mean age: 66.2 years; mean disease duration: 6.7 years). The most frequent NPS were mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and impulse control disorders (ICD). Treatment with dopamine agonists was identified as an important risk factor for ICD. Co-occurrence of NPS and cognitive dysfunction was also evidenced in a number of studies. Patients with more significant cognitive deficits and higher levels of NPS appeared to be of older age with a longer disease duration and to have more severe motor symptoms. Conclusions NPS, most commonly mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and ICDs are frequent manifestations of PD. The results of this review reflect the need to develop unified validated assessment protocols for NPS in PD, as well as to improve their management in clinical practice.
{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Defined Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Review of Literature","authors":"Paloma Macías-García, Raúl Rashid-López, Á. J. Cruz-Gómez, Elena Lozano-Soto, Florencia Sanmartino, R. Espinosa-Rosso, J. González-Rosa","doi":"10.1155/2022/1213393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1213393","url":null,"abstract":"Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a common and potentially serious manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are frequently overlooked in favor of a focus on motor symptomatology. Here, we conducted a literature review of the prevalence and type of NPS experienced by PD patients with a clinically defined course of their illness. Methods We identified reports of NPS in patients with PD and mean disease duration over 3 years. Three databases—PubMed, Scopus, and Dialnet—were searched for relevant literature published between 2010 and 2020. Predefined exclusion criteria were applied prior to a descriptive analysis of the literature base. Results In all, 87 unique reports were identified and 30 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included 7142 patients with PD (male: 67.3%; mean age: 66.2 years; mean disease duration: 6.7 years). The most frequent NPS were mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and impulse control disorders (ICD). Treatment with dopamine agonists was identified as an important risk factor for ICD. Co-occurrence of NPS and cognitive dysfunction was also evidenced in a number of studies. Patients with more significant cognitive deficits and higher levels of NPS appeared to be of older age with a longer disease duration and to have more severe motor symptoms. Conclusions NPS, most commonly mood disorders (apathy, depression, and anxiety), psychosis, and ICDs are frequent manifestations of PD. The results of this review reflect the need to develop unified validated assessment protocols for NPS in PD, as well as to improve their management in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autism spectrum disorders and epilepsies are heterogeneous human disorders that have miscellaneous etiologies and pathophysiology. There is considerable risk of frequent epilepsy in autism that facilitates amplified morbidity and mortality. Several biological pathways appear to be involved in disease progression, including gene transcription regulation, cellular growth, synaptic channel function, and maintenance of synaptic structure. Here, abnormalities in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance ratio are reviewed along with part of an epileptiform activity that may drive both overconnectivity and genetic disorders where autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy frequently co-occur. The most current ideas concerning common etiological and molecular mechanisms for co-occurrence of both autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy are discussed along with the powerful pharmacological therapies that protect the cognition and behavior of patients. Better understanding is necessary to identify a biological mechanism that might lead to possible treatments for these neurological disorders.
{"title":"Shared Etiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy with Functional Disability","authors":"Aqeela Zahra, YunFu Wang, Qun Wang, Jianping Wu","doi":"10.1155/2022/5893519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5893519","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorders and epilepsies are heterogeneous human disorders that have miscellaneous etiologies and pathophysiology. There is considerable risk of frequent epilepsy in autism that facilitates amplified morbidity and mortality. Several biological pathways appear to be involved in disease progression, including gene transcription regulation, cellular growth, synaptic channel function, and maintenance of synaptic structure. Here, abnormalities in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance ratio are reviewed along with part of an epileptiform activity that may drive both overconnectivity and genetic disorders where autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy frequently co-occur. The most current ideas concerning common etiological and molecular mechanisms for co-occurrence of both autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy are discussed along with the powerful pharmacological therapies that protect the cognition and behavior of patients. Better understanding is necessary to identify a biological mechanism that might lead to possible treatments for these neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44960788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahsa Tavakoli, A. Moghadamnia, F. Pourabdolhossein, M. Asghari, S. Kazemi
Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control, NP (25 mg/kg), NP (25 mg/kg)+MLT (10 mg/kg), NP (25 mg/kg)+MLT (20 mg/kg), and MLT (20 mg/kg). The duration of treatment was 21 days from gestation time. Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory. NP concentrations of serum and testicular tissue were measured by HPLC. Histological analysis of testicular tissues was done by H&E staining. Results Behavioral study showed that NP does not impair learning and memory in first-generation rats. Histomorphometric results showed that NP can significantly reduce the cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules and the epithelium, the diameter and number of seminiferous tubules, the thickness of the epithelium, and the number of spermatocytes and spermatogonia compared to other groups. MLT reversed the NP-induced histomorphometric. Also, it changes and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased in MLT-treated groups compared with the NP group. Conclusion Our finding showed that MLT enhanced the learning process and reduced NP-induced testicular tissue damage through its antioxidants and cytoprotective effects.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Melatonin on Nonylphenol-Induced Reproductive and Behavioral Disorders in First-Generation Adult Male Rats","authors":"Mahsa Tavakoli, A. Moghadamnia, F. Pourabdolhossein, M. Asghari, S. Kazemi","doi":"10.1155/2022/1877761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1877761","url":null,"abstract":"Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control, NP (25 mg/kg), NP (25 mg/kg)+MLT (10 mg/kg), NP (25 mg/kg)+MLT (20 mg/kg), and MLT (20 mg/kg). The duration of treatment was 21 days from gestation time. Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory. NP concentrations of serum and testicular tissue were measured by HPLC. Histological analysis of testicular tissues was done by H&E staining. Results Behavioral study showed that NP does not impair learning and memory in first-generation rats. Histomorphometric results showed that NP can significantly reduce the cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules and the epithelium, the diameter and number of seminiferous tubules, the thickness of the epithelium, and the number of spermatocytes and spermatogonia compared to other groups. MLT reversed the NP-induced histomorphometric. Also, it changes and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased in MLT-treated groups compared with the NP group. Conclusion Our finding showed that MLT enhanced the learning process and reduced NP-induced testicular tissue damage through its antioxidants and cytoprotective effects.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semantic fluency is the ability to name items from a given category within a limited time, which relies on semantic memory, working memory, and executive function. Semantic disfluency is a common problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrated a graph theoretical analysis of semantic fluency in patients with PD (N = 86), patients with AD (N = 40), and healthy controls (HC, N = 88). All participants completed a standard animal fluency test. Their verbal responses were recorded, transcripted, and transformed into directed speech graphs. Patients with PD generated fewer correct words than HC and more correct words than patients with AD. Patients with PD showed higher density, shorter diameter, and shorter average shortest path length than HC, but lower density, longer diameter, and longer average shortest path length than patients with AD. It suggests that patients with PD produced relatively smaller and denser speech graphs. Moreover, in PD, the densities of speech graphs correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms, but not the severity of motor symptoms. The graph theoretical analysis revealed new features of semantic disfluency in patients with PD.
{"title":"Graph Theoretical Analysis of Semantic Fluency in Patients with Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Guanyu Zhang, Jinghong Ma, P. Chan, Zheng Ye","doi":"10.1155/2022/6935263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6935263","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic fluency is the ability to name items from a given category within a limited time, which relies on semantic memory, working memory, and executive function. Semantic disfluency is a common problem in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrated a graph theoretical analysis of semantic fluency in patients with PD (N = 86), patients with AD (N = 40), and healthy controls (HC, N = 88). All participants completed a standard animal fluency test. Their verbal responses were recorded, transcripted, and transformed into directed speech graphs. Patients with PD generated fewer correct words than HC and more correct words than patients with AD. Patients with PD showed higher density, shorter diameter, and shorter average shortest path length than HC, but lower density, longer diameter, and longer average shortest path length than patients with AD. It suggests that patients with PD produced relatively smaller and denser speech graphs. Moreover, in PD, the densities of speech graphs correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms, but not the severity of motor symptoms. The graph theoretical analysis revealed new features of semantic disfluency in patients with PD.","PeriodicalId":50733,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45011986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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