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Features of Psychological Defenses and Coping Strategies among Teachers of Preschool Educational Institutions with Different Levels of Psychological Well-being 不同心理健康水平的学前教育机构教师的心理防御特点和应对策略
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290208
E.V. Vorobyeva, L.R. Pravdina, A.V. Shevchenko
The aim of the work was to identify the features of psychological defenses and coping strategies among teachers of preschool educational institutions with different levels of psychological well-being. The study involved 62 educators of preschool educational institutions in the city of Rostov-on-Don, the city of Aksai and the village of Rassvet, Rostov Region. The following methods were used: “Scale of psychological well-being” by K. Riff, technique for measuring psychological defense by E.R. Pilyugina, R.F. Suleimanov, questionnaire “Types of orientations in difficult situations” by E.V. Bityutskaya, A.A. Korneeva. As a result of the study, it was found that teachers with a high level of psychological well-being more often use adaptive psychological defenses, teachers with an average level of psychological well-being more often use psychological defense of the infantile type, teachers with a low level of psychological well-being more often use psychological defense of the psychotic, as well as infantile and neurotic types. Teachers of preschool educational institutions with a high level of psychological well-being are distinguished by their preference for coping strategies related to the type “Orientation towards rapprochement, interaction with difficulty.” Teachers of preschool educational institutions with an average and, especially, a low level of psychological well-being tend to be more inclined to use coping strategies related to the type “Orientation towards leaving and moving away from difficulties.” It is recommended to use the results of the study in psychoprophylactic and psychocorrective work with preschool teachers.
这项工作旨在确定不同心理健康水平的学前教育机构教师的心理防御和应对策略特点。研究涉及罗斯托夫州罗斯托夫市、阿克赛市和拉斯韦特村学前教育机构的 62 名教育工作者。采用了以下方法K.里夫的 "心理健康量表",E.R.皮尤金娜、R.F.苏莱曼诺夫的心理防御测量技术,E.V.比尤特斯卡娅、A.A.科尔涅耶娃的 "困难情况下的定向类型 "问卷。研究结果表明,心理健康水平高的教师更经常使用适应性心理防卫,心理健康水平一般的教师更经常使用幼稚型心理防卫,心理健康水平低的教师更经常使用精神病型、幼稚型和神经质型心理防卫。心理健康水平高的学前教育机构教师的特点是,他们偏好与 "和睦相处、与困难互动 "类型有关的应对策略。心理健康水平一般,特别是心理健康水平较低的学前教育机构的教师更倾向于使用与 "离开和摆脱困境 "类型有关的应对策略。建议将研究结果用于学前教师的心理预防和心理矫正工作中。
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引用次数: 0
Indiscipline Among Senior Secondary School Students: The Contributions of Home Behaviour Control and Religiosity 高中生中的违纪行为:家庭行为控制和宗教信仰的贡献
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290206
K. B. Abang, V. J. Owan, R. A. Ojini, B. D. Otu, G. E. Anagbogu, C. A. Beshel
The study investigated the indiscipline of senior secondary school students and the contribution of home behaviour control and religiosity in Cross River State, Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 62,501 senior secondary school students in three educational zones. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select 1250 students from 30 randomly sampled public and private secondary schools. The Student Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was used for data collection. Experts in measurement and evaluation and educational psychology validated the instrument. The test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from 0.78-0.91. The data collected were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that home behaviour control and home religiosity significantly influenced secondary school students' indiscipline behaviour. Specifically, students from firm homes and with high levels of religiosity generally exhibited lower indiscipline behaviour across all the dimensions. In comparison, those from lax homes and homes with low levels of religiosity manifested higher levels of indiscipline behaviour. These findings align with role theory, which suggests that individuals' behaviour is shaped by their immediate social environment. Policymakers can use these results to develop programs that promote positive behaviour by encouraging the development of a strong religious foundation in the home and promoting clear expectations and rules for behaviour.
本研究调查了尼日利亚克罗斯河州高中生的违纪行为以及家庭行为控制和宗教信仰的作用。研究采用了事后研究设计。研究对象包括三个教育区的 62501 名高中生。研究采用多阶段抽样程序,从随机抽样的 30 所公立和私立中学中选取了 1250 名学生。数据收集采用了学生意见调查问卷(SOQ)。测量与评价和教育心理学专家对问卷进行了验证。测试-再测信度系数介于 0.78-0.91 之间。对收集到的数据进行了单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。结果显示,家庭行为控制和家庭宗教信仰对中学生的违纪行为有显著影响。具体而言,来自稳固家庭和宗教信仰程度高的学生在所有维度上的违纪行为普遍较少。相比之下,来自宽松家庭和宗教信仰程度低的家庭的学生则表现出较高的违纪行为。这些研究结果与角色理论相吻合,该理论认为个人行为受其直接社会环境的影响。政策制定者可以利用这些结果来制定计划,通过鼓励在家庭中建立牢固的宗教基础,促进明确的行为期望和规则,从而促进积极的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Subjective Well-being of Parents in an Inclusive School 全纳学校家长的主观幸福感
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290204
E.A. Kukuev, I.V. Patrusheva, O.V. Ogorodnova
The article is devoted to the study of the motivation and readiness of teachers to implement the target model of mentoring in order to identify and evaluate the factors influencing this process. We considered theoretical foundations of the organization of mentoring, possible approaches to the study of strategies for the behaviour of teachers during its implementation, and gave the characteristics of their manifestations. The results of study were obtained on a sample of teachers from 4 secondary schools in one of the districts of Saint Petersburg. We used the methods “Motivational profile”, “Determination of the motives of teachers’ work activity”, “Motivational readiness of the teaching staff to master innovations”, “Barriers preventing the development of innovations”, based on generally accepted methodology, proven research design, methods of data collection and analysis, which minimize the impact of systematic and random errors, reduce the reliability of the data. The results obtained show that teachers from different schools have similar characteristics of readiness for mentoring activities, which is largely determined by the level of motivation of teachers, the nature of their attitude towards mentoring, and the degree of understanding of its necessity and importance.
本文致力于研究教师实施指导目标模式的动机和准备情况,以确定和评估影响这一过程的因素。我们考虑了指导组织的理论基础、研究教师在实施指导过程中行为策略的可能方法,并给出了其表现形式的特点。研究结果是以圣彼得堡某区 4 所中学的教师为样本得出的。我们采用了 "动机概况"、"确定教师工作活动的动机"、"教师掌握创新的动机准备"、"阻碍创新发展的障碍 "等方法,这些方法基于公认的方法论、经过验证的研究设计、数据收集和分析方法,最大限度地减少了系统误差和随机误差的影响,降低了数据的可靠性。研究结果表明,不同学校的教师对指导活动的准备程度具有相似的特点,这主要取决于教师的动机水平、对指导的态度性质以及对指导的必要性和重要性的理解程度。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation of the Russian Version of the Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory on a Sample of Orphans and Children without Parental Care 儿童躯体症状量表俄文版对孤儿和无父母照顾儿童样本的改编
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290205
A. A. Zolotareva, A.S. Khegay
This study was aimed to adapt the Russian version of the Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory-8 (CSSI-8). The participants were 160 orphans and children and adolescents left without parental care, including 80 girls and 80 boys aged 9 to 17 years (M=14,51; Me=15 years; SD=1,79). All participants completed CSSI-8 and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-30 (RCADS-30). The Russian version of the inventory was reliable and valid: firstly, it has a high Cronbach’s α, showing its internal reliability; secondly, it has a one-factor structure, indicating its factor validity; thirdly, the relationship of somatic symptoms with anxiety and depressive symptoms proves convergent validity. Thus, 76,2% of children and adolescents had at least one specific somatic symptom, 44,4% complained of pain in stomach or abdomen, 58,7% of headaches, 30,6% of pain in lower back, 19,4% of faintness or dizziness, 29,4% of pain in arms or legs, 28,7% of heart palpitations, nausea or upset stomach, 47,5% of weakness in some parts of the body. In conclusion, it is important to make future psychometric examinations of the adapted questionnaire, which allow us to recommend it for school diagnosis and psychological counseling of children and adolescents, as well as screening and monitoring of somatoform disorders.
本研究旨在改编俄文版儿童躯体症状量表-8(CSSI-8)。研究对象为 160 名孤儿以及无父母照顾的儿童和青少年,其中包括 80 名女孩和 80 名男孩,年龄在 9 至 17 岁之间(男=14,51;女=15;标准差=1,79)。所有参与者都填写了 CSSI-8 和修订版儿童焦虑和抑郁量表-30(RCADS-30)。俄文版量表可靠有效:首先,它具有较高的 Cronbach's α,表明其内部可靠性;其次,它具有单因素结构,表明其因素有效性;第三,躯体症状与焦虑和抑郁症状的关系证明了其收敛有效性。因此,76.2% 的儿童和青少年至少有一种特定的躯体症状,44.4% 的儿童和青少年抱怨胃部或腹部疼痛,58.7% 的儿童和青少年抱怨头痛,30.6% 的儿童和青少年抱怨腰部疼痛,19.4% 的儿童和青少年抱怨昏厥或头晕,29.4% 的儿童和青少年抱怨手臂或腿部疼痛,28.7% 的儿童和青少年抱怨心悸、恶心或胃部不适,47.5% 的儿童和青少年抱怨身体某些部位无力。总之,今后必须对改编后的问卷进行心理测试,以便推荐用于学校诊断、儿童和青少年心理咨询以及躯体形式障碍的筛查和监测。
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引用次数: 0
Online Reading Comprehension Assessment of Primary School Students: Analysis of Testing Behavior Indicators 小学生在线阅读理解能力评估:测试行为指标分析
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290203
E.A. Bakay, E.M. Yusupova, I.V. Antipkina
Test-taking behavior in reading comprehension tests is explained, among other things, by meta-cognitive skills, which can be described by indicators of test behavior. These indicators include reading time, respondent-item interaction time, returning to the text, etc. This study is based on the analysis of the test-taking behavior of fourth graders (N=2168) during a reading comprehension test. Two types of indicators of test behavior were described: 1) timing and action speed control; and 2) nonlinear test navigation from item to item and returns to the text. Based on these indicators and using cluster analysis, we identified groups of students with typical patterns of behavior. These groups were described in the context of student gender and test score in the test. The results showed that the data about nonlinear transitions helps to find out the groups of students with regulatory difficulties, however the presence or absence of nonlinear transitions is not associated with test results. Higher results of students are associated with taking test in a linear pattern and a moderately long time.
阅读理解测试中的应试行为主要是由元认知能力来解释的,而元认知能力可以用测试行为指标来描述。这些指标包括阅读时间、答题与题目互动时间、返回文本等。本研究基于对四年级学生(人数=2168)在阅读理解测试中的考试行为的分析。研究描述了两种类型的考试行为指标:1) 时间和动作速度控制;以及 2) 从一个项目到另一个项目,再回到文本的非线性考试导航。根据这些指标并利用聚类分析,我们确定了具有典型行为模式的学生群体。我们根据学生的性别和考试分数对这些群体进行了描述。结果表明,非线性过渡的数据有助于找出有调节困难的学生群体,但非线性过渡的存在与否与考试成绩无关。学生成绩较高与以线性模式参加考试和考试时间适中有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Interrelation between Initiative in Play and Dialectical Thinking in Preschool Age 学龄前儿童在游戏中的主动性与辩证思维的相互关系
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290201
O.A. Shiyan, A.N. Iakshina, Y.O. Oskina
In the article play is considered as a space for the development of creative (dialectical) thinking in preschool age. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the success of children in solving creative (dialectical) tasks and initiative in spontaneous play. The study involved 57 preschoolers from 2 preschool groups, contrasting in the quality of the educational environment. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the initiative in play was carried out using an observation tool developed on the basis of the methodology of E.O. Smirnova. A total of 14 videos of a joint play were analyzed. “What can be simultaneously at the same time”, “Dialectical stories”, “Three stories” were used to measure the level of creative (dialectical) thinking. Qualitative analysis made it possible to distinguish two types of initiative actions – maintaining and changing the course of play. The study revealed the correlation between creative thinking in children’s narratives and play-changing initiative. The study points to the value of play as an activity where the child can not only solve, but also set tasks.
文章认为游戏是学龄前儿童发展创造性(辩证)思维的空间。本研究旨在分析儿童成功解决创造性(辩证)任务与自发游戏主动性之间的关系。研究涉及两个学龄前小组的 57 名学龄前儿童,这两个小组的教育环境质量截然不同。根据 E.O. Smirnova 的方法开发的观察工具对游戏中的主动性进行了定性和定量分析。共分析了 14 个共同游戏的视频。用 "什么可以同时进行"、"辩证故事"、"三个故事 "来衡量创造性(辩证)思维的水平。通过定性分析,可以区分两类主动行动--保持游戏进程和改变游戏进程。研究揭示了儿童叙事中的创造性思维与改变游戏进程的主动行动之间的相关性。研究指出了游戏作为一种活动的价值,在这种活动中,儿童不仅可以解决问题,还可以设定任务。
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引用次数: 0
Mindfulness, Academic Competency and Academic Self-efficacy: A Cross-sectional Study 正念、学术能力和学术自我效能感:横断面研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290209
A. Aldbyani, Z.A.N. Alhadoor, M.H.A. Al-Abyadh
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and academic competency among International students in China, as well as the potential mediating role of academic self-efficacy in this association. International students in China (n=476) were recruited to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Academic Self-efficacy Scale (ASES), and the competence subscale of the Positive Youth Development Inventory (PYDI). The results found that mindfulness correlated positively with academic self-efficacy and academic competency. Furthermore, the results revealed that the mediation model fit the data well; academic self-efficacy partly mediated the association of mindfulness with academic competency. We concluded that this insight contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between mindfulness, academic competency, and the psychological aspects of academic self-efficacy, providing valuable implications for interventions and strategies to promote academic performance among the target population.
本横断面研究旨在调查中国留学生的正念与学业能力之间的关系,以及学业自我效能感在这种关系中的潜在中介作用。研究招募了在华留学生(476 人),让他们完成正念注意量表(MAAS)、学业自我效能感量表(ASES)和青少年积极发展量表(PYDI)的能力分量表。结果发现,正念与学业自我效能感和学业能力呈正相关。此外,结果还显示,中介模型与数据非常吻合;学业自我效能感在一定程度上中介了正念与学业能力之间的关联。我们的结论是,这一见解有助于更好地理解正念、学业能力和学业自我效能心理之间的相互作用,为促进目标人群学业成绩的干预措施和策略提供了有价值的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Teachers’ Participation in Mentoring Activities in Schools (Using the Example of St. Petersburg) 关于教师参与学校指导活动的研究(以圣彼得堡为例)
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290207
S.Y. Trapitsin, O. Granichina, E.N. Agapova, M.V. Zharova
The article is devoted to the study of the motivation and readiness of teachers to implement the target model of mentoring in order to identify and evaluate the factors influencing this process. We considered theoretical foundations of the organization of mentoring, possible approaches to the study of strategies for the behaviour of teachers during its implementation, and gave the characteristics of their manifestations. The results of study were obtained on a sample of teachers from 4 secondary schools in one of the districts of Saint Petersburg. We used the methods “Motivational profile”, “Determination of the motives of teachers’ work activity”, “Motivational readiness of the teaching staff to master innovations”, “Barriers preventing the development of innovations”, based on generally accepted methodology, proven research design, methods of data collection and analysis, which minimize the impact of systematic and random errors, reduce the reliability of the data. The results obtained show that teachers from different schools have similar characteristics of readiness for mentoring activities, which is largely determined by the level of motivation of teachers, the nature of their attitude towards mentoring, and the degree of understanding of its necessity and importance.
本文致力于研究教师实施指导目标模式的动机和准备情况,以确定和评估影响这一过程的因素。我们考虑了指导组织的理论基础、研究教师在实施指导过程中行为策略的可能方法,并给出了其表现形式的特点。研究结果是以圣彼得堡某区 4 所中学的教师为样本得出的。我们采用了 "动机概况"、"确定教师工作活动的动机"、"教师掌握创新的动机准备"、"阻碍创新发展的障碍 "等方法,这些方法基于公认的方法论、经过验证的研究设计、数据收集和分析方法,最大限度地减少了系统误差和随机误差的影响,降低了数据的可靠性。研究结果表明,不同学校的教师对指导活动的准备程度具有相似的特点,这主要取决于教师的动机水平、对指导的态度性质以及对指导的必要性和重要性的理解程度。
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引用次数: 0
Metacognitive Reading Strategies: Analysis of Self-report Data and Oculomotor Behaviour of Russian Schoolchildren 元认知阅读策略:俄罗斯学童的自我报告数据和眼球运动行为分析
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290202
A.A. Berlin Khenis, A.N. Puchkova, E.S. Kashchenko, M.Yu. Lebedeva
The paper presents the results of a study aimed to investigate the correlations between oculomotor reading behavior and self-report data of Russian high school students on their practice of using metacognitive strategies. It was found that high school students tended to use problem-solving reading strategies, while seldom using supportive reading strategies. Differences in the use of metacognitive strategies were found between schools that emphasized differently the development of reading competence in middle school. The findings suggested that there were differences in oculomotor measures across groups with varying levels of metacognitive strategy use. The paper outlines possible directions for further research on this topic.
本文介绍了一项研究的结果,该研究旨在调查俄罗斯高中生的眼动阅读行为与他们使用元认知策略实践的自我报告数据之间的相关性。研究发现,高中生倾向于使用解决问题的阅读策略,而很少使用支持性阅读策略。在不同的学校,元认知策略的使用也存在差异。研究结果表明,元认知策略使用水平不同的群体在眼动测量方面存在差异。本文概述了进一步研究这一课题的可能方向。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Psychological Literacy of Parents and Teachers as a Condition of Effective Communication with a Child 家长和教师的功能性心理素养是与孩子有效沟通的条件
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.17759/pse.2024290109
N. Avdeeva, A. Shvedovskaya, A. D. Andreeva, I. Burlakova, S. Enikolopov, V. Zaretsky, E.I. Zakharova, Y. A. Kochetova, T. Poskakalova
The article provides a transcript of the speeches of the speakers of the Round Table "Functional psychological literacy of parents and teachers as a condition for building effective communication with a child", held at the Moscow State University of Psychological and Education on April 25, 2023. The Round Table addressed the problems of modern "psychology for life": the formation of functional psychological literacy of school teachers and parents in the sphere of communication and interaction with children. The speeches of the speakers of the Round Table were devoted to modern ideas about psychological literacy in psychology; approaches and researches in the field of formation of psychological literacy within the systems "teacher-pupil", "parent-child"; formation of functional psychological literacy of school teachers in communication with pupils; knowledge, skills, abilities of parents in interaction with a child; risk factors in the development of functional psychological literacy in communication and interaction with a child of parents and teachers in the sphere of communication and interaction with a child. Video recording of the speeches is given on the official video channel of PsyJournals.ru.
文章提供了2023年4月25日在莫斯科国立心理与教育大学举行的 "家长和教师的功能性心理素养是与儿童建立有效沟通的条件 "圆桌会议发言人的发言记录。圆桌会议讨论了现代 "生活心理学 "的问题:学校教师和家长在与儿童交流和互动方面的功能性心理素养的培养。圆桌会议发言人的发言主要涉及现代心理学中的心理素养理念;在 "教师-学生"、"父母-子女 "系统中形成心理素养的方法和研究;学校教师在与学生交流中形成功能性心理素养;父母在与子女互动中的知识、技能和能力;父母和教师在与子女交流和互动中形成功能性心理素养的风险因素。在 PsyJournals.ru 的官方视频频道上提供了发言视频。
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引用次数: 0
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