Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a useful tool for selecting a pertinent Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) of a Lithium-ion battery. Impedance model is designed to describe low, middle and high frequency electrochemical processes involved. When considering low frequency restricted in the Warburg zone, diffusion impedance is modeled thanks to a Constant Phase Element (CPE) which behaves as a fractional integrator of order close to 0.5. Phenomena observed in middle frequency are described using specific circuits called Zarc which consist in connecting a CPE in parallel with a resistor. Therefore, the global impedance model is characterized by non integer order operators and parameters can be estimated by a Complex Nonlinear Least Squares (CNLS) algorithm which requires a proper initialization in order to guarantee the convergence to a global optimum. The paper presents a method to analyze EIS data measurements in order to select automatically the number of middle frequency Zarc circuits required (one or two) and to initialize properly the CNLS algorithm. The method is validated using simulation data as well as experimental open source EIS data.
{"title":"Frequential lithium-ion battery impedance identification using automatic model selection and initialization","authors":"Omar Arahbi, Benoît Huard, Jean-Denis Gabano, Thierry Poinot","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a useful tool for selecting a pertinent Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) of a Lithium-ion battery. Impedance model is designed to describe low, middle and high frequency electrochemical processes involved. When considering low frequency restricted in the Warburg zone, diffusion impedance is modeled thanks to a Constant Phase Element (CPE) which behaves as a fractional integrator of order <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> close to 0.5. Phenomena observed in middle frequency are described using specific circuits called Zarc which consist in connecting a CPE in parallel with a resistor. Therefore, the global impedance model is characterized by non integer order operators and parameters can be estimated by a Complex Nonlinear Least Squares (CNLS) algorithm which requires a proper initialization in order to guarantee the convergence to a global optimum. The paper presents a method to analyze EIS data measurements in order to select automatically the number of middle frequency Zarc circuits required (one or two) and to initialize properly the CNLS algorithm. The method is validated using simulation data as well as experimental open source EIS data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101011"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100987
Leonardo Pedroso , Pedro Batista , W.P.M.H. (Maurice) Heemels
The transition from large centralized complex control systems to distributed configurations that rely on a network of a very large number of interconnected simpler subsystems is ongoing and inevitable in many applications. It is attributed to the quest for resilience, flexibility, and scalability in a multitude of engineering fields with far-reaching societal impact. Although many design methods for distributed and decentralized control systems are available, most of them rely on a centralized design procedure requiring some form of global information of the whole system. Clearly, beyond a certain scale of the network, these centralized design procedures for distributed controllers are no longer feasible and we refer to the corresponding systems as ultra large-scale systems (ULSS). For these ULSS, design algorithms are needed that are distributed themselves among the subsystems and are subject to stringent requirements regarding communication, computation, and memory usage of each subsystem. In this paper, a set of requirements is provided that assures a feasible real-time implementation of all phases of a control solution on an ultra large scale. State-of-the-art approaches are reviewed in the light of these requirements and the challenges hampering the development of befitting control algorithms are pinpointed. Comparing the challenges with the current progress leads to the identification and motivation of promising research directions.
{"title":"Distributed design of ultra large-scale control systems: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects","authors":"Leonardo Pedroso , Pedro Batista , W.P.M.H. (Maurice) Heemels","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from large centralized complex control systems to distributed configurations that rely on a network of a very large number of interconnected simpler subsystems is ongoing and inevitable in many applications. It is attributed to the quest for resilience, flexibility, and scalability in a multitude of engineering fields with far-reaching societal impact. Although many design methods for distributed and decentralized control systems are available, most of them rely on a centralized design procedure requiring some form of global information of the whole system. Clearly, beyond a certain scale of the network, these centralized design procedures for distributed controllers are no longer feasible and we refer to the corresponding systems as <em>ultra large-scale systems</em> (ULSS). For these ULSS, design algorithms are needed that are distributed themselves among the subsystems and are subject to stringent requirements regarding communication, computation, and memory usage of each subsystem. In this paper, a set of requirements is provided that assures a feasible real-time implementation of all phases of a control solution on an ultra large scale. State-of-the-art approaches are reviewed in the light of these requirements and the challenges hampering the development of befitting control algorithms are pinpointed. Comparing the challenges with the current progress leads to the identification and motivation of promising research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101010
Enso Ndreko , Stéphane Victor , Jean-François Duhé , Pierre Melchior
In cardiac surgeries, when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (or extracorporeal circulation (ECC)) is employed, the lungs are temporarily disconnected from the body. To minimize the risk of tissue damage or respiratory complications, the lungs are subjected to mild hypothermia. Incorporating dynamic heat transfer modeling offers the potential to enhance temperature regulation through a more advanced approach.
A complex thermal model, based on a thermal two-port network, offers a wide frequency range applicability, making it suitable for modeling the human breathing frequencies. This modeling approach can also be adapted to incorporate the influence of blood flow, which serves as a natural temperature regulator in the human body. This is accomplished by combining the thermal two-port network with the bio-heat equation.
The main contributions focus on introducing distinctive and simplified approximation models for the equivalent global impedance of thermal transfer within the lungs. These models, featuring minimal parameters, manifest comparable dynamic traits in the frequency domain, akin to the attributes of the two-port network model. This progress clears the way for broader utilization across various domains.
{"title":"Modeling of bio-heat transfers in lungs with fractional models","authors":"Enso Ndreko , Stéphane Victor , Jean-François Duhé , Pierre Melchior","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cardiac surgeries, when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (or extracorporeal circulation (ECC)) is employed, the lungs are temporarily disconnected from the body. To minimize the risk of tissue damage or respiratory complications, the lungs are subjected to mild hypothermia. Incorporating dynamic heat transfer modeling offers the potential to enhance temperature regulation through a more advanced approach.</div><div>A complex thermal model, based on a thermal two-port network, offers a wide frequency range applicability, making it suitable for modeling the human breathing frequencies. This modeling approach can also be adapted to incorporate the influence of blood flow, which serves as a natural temperature regulator in the human body. This is accomplished by combining the thermal two-port network with the bio-heat equation.</div><div>The main contributions focus on introducing distinctive and simplified approximation models for the equivalent global impedance of thermal transfer within the lungs. These models, featuring minimal parameters, manifest comparable dynamic traits in the frequency domain, akin to the attributes of the two-port network model. This progress clears the way for broader utilization across various domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100988
Juan Ramón Camarillo-Peñaranda , Ana Carolina Cunha , Bruno W. França , Francis de Abreu Oliveira , Luan de Oliveira Senna
Designing a VSC-HVDC controller capable of effectively operating in most operational scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex dynamics, unexpected failures, and system uncertainty prevalent in a broad range of post-deployment situations. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system stands as a crucial and undeniable aspect that necessitates special attention during the system development phase. From today’s point of view, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on control technologies, their characteristics, and control options applicable to HVDC systems. This article discusses their applications, advantages, limitations, and recent developments within these techniques.
{"title":"A review on VSC-HVDC control schemes","authors":"Juan Ramón Camarillo-Peñaranda , Ana Carolina Cunha , Bruno W. França , Francis de Abreu Oliveira , Luan de Oliveira Senna","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing a VSC-HVDC controller capable of effectively operating in most operational scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex dynamics, unexpected failures, and system uncertainty prevalent in a broad range of post-deployment situations. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system stands as a crucial and undeniable aspect that necessitates special attention during the system development phase. From today’s point of view, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on control technologies, their characteristics, and control options applicable to HVDC systems. This article discusses their applications, advantages, limitations, and recent developments within these techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are recognized for high efficiency, torque-to-inertia ratio, and robust properties, making them ideal for the rapid development of electric vehicles, robotics, and the aerospace industry. Recently, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have gained significant attention in the control domain due to their independence from plant models and advanced decision-making capabilities. These features make DRL highly suitable for addressing challenges in PMSM control such as load disturbances, speed tracking, and parameter variations. This review explores recent DRL techniques applied to PMSM speed, current, and torque control. Discrete and continuous algorithms, including Deep Q-Network (DQN), Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), and Twin Delayed DDPG (TD3), are examined in terms of their basic principles, practical implementations, and the benefits they provide in overcoming challenges in PMSM control. In addition, to demonstrate the efficiency of DRL, the review provides a summary and comparison of DRL applied to optimize classical control methods elaborated within various PMSM control strategies. Comparisons of DRL implementations in PMSM control are highlighted to validate their real-time applicability in experiments, and potential areas for future research and improvement are outlined.
{"title":"Implementation of deep reinforcement learning in permanent magnet synchronous motors control: A review","authors":"Larbi Assem Moulai , Fardila M. Zaihidee , Saad Mekhilef , Jing Rui Tang , Marizan Mubin","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are recognized for high efficiency, torque-to-inertia ratio, and robust properties, making them ideal for the rapid development of electric vehicles, robotics, and the aerospace industry. Recently, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have gained significant attention in the control domain due to their independence from plant models and advanced decision-making capabilities. These features make DRL highly suitable for addressing challenges in PMSM control such as load disturbances, speed tracking, and parameter variations. This review explores recent DRL techniques applied to PMSM speed, current, and torque control. Discrete and continuous algorithms, including Deep Q-Network (DQN), Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), and Twin Delayed DDPG (TD3), are examined in terms of their basic principles, practical implementations, and the benefits they provide in overcoming challenges in PMSM control. In addition, to demonstrate the efficiency of DRL, the review provides a summary and comparison of DRL applied to optimize classical control methods elaborated within various PMSM control strategies. Comparisons of DRL implementations in PMSM control are highlighted to validate their real-time applicability in experiments, and potential areas for future research and improvement are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101024
Thomas Berger , Achim Ilchmann , Eugene P. Ryan
The methodology of funnel control was introduced in the early 2000s, and it has developed since then in many respects achieving a level of mathematical maturity balanced by practical applications. Its fundamental tenet is the attainment of prescribed transient and asymptotic behaviour for continuous-time controlled dynamical processes encompassing linear and nonlinear systems described by functional differential equations, differential–algebraic systems, and partial differential equations. Considered are classes of systems specified only by structural properties – such as relative degree and stable internal dynamics. Prespecified are: a funnel shaped through the choice of a function (absolutely continuous), freely selected by the designer, and a class of (sufficiently smooth) reference signals. The aim is to design a single ‘simple’ feedback strategy (using only input and output information) – called the funnel controller – which, applied to any system of the given class and for any reference signal of the given class, achieves the funnel control objective: that is, the closed-loop system is well-posed in the sense that all signals (both internal and external) are bounded and globally defined, and – most importantly – the error between the system’s output and the reference signal evolves within the prespecified funnel.
The survey is organized as follows. In the Introduction, the genesis of funnel control is outlined via the most simple class of systems: the linear prototype of scalar, single-input, single-output systems. Generalizing the prototype, there follows an exposition of diverse system classes (described by linear, nonlinear, functional, partial differential equations, and differential–algebraic equations) for which funnel control is feasible. The structure and properties of funnel control – in its various guises attuned to available output information – are described and analysed. Up to this point, the treatment is predicated on an implicit assumption that system inputs are unconstrained. Ramifications of input constraints and their incorporation in the funnel methodology are then discussed. Finally, practical applications and implementations of funnel control are highlighted.
{"title":"Funnel control — A survey","authors":"Thomas Berger , Achim Ilchmann , Eugene P. Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The methodology of funnel control was introduced in the early 2000s, and it has developed since then in many respects achieving a level of mathematical maturity balanced by practical applications. Its fundamental tenet is the attainment of prescribed transient and asymptotic behaviour for continuous-time controlled dynamical processes encompassing linear and nonlinear systems described by functional differential equations, differential–algebraic systems, and partial differential equations. Considered are classes of systems specified only by structural properties – such as relative degree and stable internal dynamics. Prespecified are: a funnel shaped through the choice of a function (absolutely continuous), freely selected by the designer, and a class of (sufficiently smooth) reference signals. The aim is to design a single ‘simple’ feedback strategy (using only input and output information) – called the <em>funnel controller</em> – which, applied to any system of the given class and for any reference signal of the given class, achieves the <em>funnel control objective</em>: that is, the closed-loop system is well-posed in the sense that all signals (both internal and external) are bounded and globally defined, and – most importantly – the error between the system’s output and the reference signal evolves within the prespecified funnel.</div><div>The survey is organized as follows. In the Introduction, the genesis of funnel control is outlined via the most simple class of systems: the linear prototype of scalar, single-input, single-output systems. Generalizing the prototype, there follows an exposition of diverse system classes (described by linear, nonlinear, functional, partial differential equations, and differential–algebraic equations) for which funnel control is feasible. The structure and properties of funnel control – in its various guises attuned to available output information – are described and analysed. Up to this point, the treatment is predicated on an implicit assumption that system inputs are unconstrained. Ramifications of input constraints and their incorporation in the funnel methodology are then discussed. Finally, practical applications and implementations of funnel control are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101020
Angela Fontan , Patricia Eustachio Colombo , Rosemary Green , Karl H. Johansson
Global food systems are at the center of some of the most pressing modern societal challenges: They are significant contributors to a range of systemic issues, including health problems and chronic diseases, greenhouse gas emissions and general environmental degradation, and increasing financial burdens on healthcare and economies. Within these complex systems, final sustainable consumption, which refers to the adoption of diets that are both healthy and environmentally friendly, plays a critical role. Significant changes in contemporary dietary patterns are essential to address the rising burden of chronic diseases and public health outcomes and the escalating climate crisis. Achieving these shifts requires coordinated action from policymakers, consumers, and the scientific community in an effort to support the development, implementation, and evaluation of advertising and policy instruments that promote healthier and more sustainable dietary choices. However, driving changes in dietary behavior is a complex challenge, shaped by the interplay of heterogeneous influences, including biological, social, cultural, environmental, political, and economic factors, and further complicated by the difficulty of validating proposed approaches in ways that are both efficient and ethically sound. This vision paper presents the problem of promoting healthy and environmentally friendly diets and their implications for environmental sustainability. In particular, it discusses a systems approach based on social network dynamics and social interventions, illustrating recent findings that demonstrate the potential of influence strategies to drive dietary change. Finally, key scientific challenges and emerging research opportunities are highlighted.
{"title":"A systems perspective on promoting sustainable food systems","authors":"Angela Fontan , Patricia Eustachio Colombo , Rosemary Green , Karl H. Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global food systems are at the center of some of the most pressing modern societal challenges: They are significant contributors to a range of systemic issues, including health problems and chronic diseases, greenhouse gas emissions and general environmental degradation, and increasing financial burdens on healthcare and economies. Within these complex systems, final sustainable consumption, which refers to the adoption of diets that are both healthy and environmentally friendly, plays a critical role. Significant changes in contemporary dietary patterns are essential to address the rising burden of chronic diseases and public health outcomes and the escalating climate crisis. Achieving these shifts requires coordinated action from policymakers, consumers, and the scientific community in an effort to support the development, implementation, and evaluation of advertising and policy instruments that promote healthier and more sustainable dietary choices. However, driving changes in dietary behavior is a complex challenge, shaped by the interplay of heterogeneous influences, including biological, social, cultural, environmental, political, and economic factors, and further complicated by the difficulty of validating proposed approaches in ways that are both efficient and ethically sound. This vision paper presents the problem of promoting healthy and environmentally friendly diets and their implications for environmental sustainability. In particular, it discusses a systems approach based on social network dynamics and social interventions, illustrating recent findings that demonstrate the potential of influence strategies to drive dietary change. Finally, key scientific challenges and emerging research opportunities are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101028
Alec Edwards , Andrea Peruffo , Alessandro Abate
An emerging branch of control theory specialises in certificate learning, concerning the specification of a desired (possibly complex) system behaviour for an autonomous or control model, which is then analytically verified by means of a function-based proof. However, the synthesis of controllers abiding by these complex requirements is in general a non-trivial task and may elude the most expert control engineers. This results in a need for automatic techniques that are able to design controllers and to analyse a wide range of elaborate specifications. In this paper, we provide a general framework to encode system specifications and define corresponding certificates, and we present an automated approach to formally synthesise controllers and certificates. Our approach contributes to the broad field of safe learning for control, exploiting the flexibility of neural networks to provide candidate control and certificate functions, whilst using SAT-modulo-theory (SMT)-solvers to offer a formal guarantee of correctness. We test our framework by developing a prototype software tool, and assess its efficacy at verification via control and certificate synthesis over a large and varied suite of benchmarks.
{"title":"A general framework for verification and control of dynamical models via certificate synthesis","authors":"Alec Edwards , Andrea Peruffo , Alessandro Abate","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An emerging branch of control theory specialises in <em>certificate learning</em>, concerning the specification of a desired (possibly complex) system behaviour for an autonomous or control model, which is then analytically verified by means of a function-based proof. However, the synthesis of controllers abiding by these complex requirements is in general a non-trivial task and may elude the most expert control engineers. This results in a need for automatic techniques that are able to design controllers and to analyse a wide range of elaborate specifications. In this paper, we provide a general framework to encode system specifications and define corresponding certificates, and we present an automated approach to formally synthesise controllers and certificates. Our approach contributes to the broad field of safe learning for control, exploiting the flexibility of neural networks to provide candidate control and certificate functions, whilst using SAT-modulo-theory (SMT)-solvers to offer a formal guarantee of correctness. We test our framework by developing a prototype software tool, and assess its efficacy at verification via control and certificate synthesis over a large and varied suite of benchmarks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of the design of purely reactive nonlinear feedback two-dimensional Cruise Controllers (CCs) for CAVs relying on two combined principles: (a) Lane-free traffic, whereby vehicles are not bound to fixed traffic lanes; and (b) Vehicle nudging, whereby vehicles influence other vehicles in front or on the sides of them. The design of the two-dimensional CCs is based on a control Lyapunov methodology, with the considered system being subject to various state constraints, and guarantees a number of desired features, including collision avoidance and road boundary respect. Additionally, the emerging macroscopic traffic flow models are derived, and direct relations are established between selectable CC features and the resulting macroscopic traffic flow characteristics. This allows the active design of efficient traffic flow with desired properties, i.e., the construction of artificial traffic fluids.
{"title":"From road congestion to vehicle-control enabled artificial traffic fluids","authors":"Iasson Karafyllis , Dionysios Theodosis , Markos Papageorgiou , Miroslav Krstic","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides an overview of the design of purely reactive nonlinear feedback two-dimensional Cruise Controllers (CCs) for CAVs relying on two combined principles: (a) Lane-free traffic, whereby vehicles are not bound to fixed traffic lanes; and (b) Vehicle nudging, whereby vehicles influence other vehicles in front or on the sides of them. The design of the two-dimensional CCs is based on a control Lyapunov methodology, with the considered system being subject to various state constraints, and guarantees a number of desired features, including collision avoidance and road boundary respect. Additionally, the emerging macroscopic traffic flow models are derived, and direct relations are established between selectable CC features and the resulting macroscopic traffic flow characteristics. This allows the active design of efficient traffic flow with desired properties, i.e., the construction of artificial traffic fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The filtering identification idea is an effective tool for handling the parameter identification of systems with colored noise. The hierarchical identification principle is an effective approach for addressing the identification of complex systems. For multivariable equation-error autoregressive moving-average-like (M-EEARMA-like) models with colored noise, which are also called multivariable controlled autoregressive autoregressive moving-average-like (M-CARARMA-like) models, this paper investigates and proposes the filtered hierarchical generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical generalized extended recursive gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended recursive gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical generalized extended least squares identification method, and the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended least squares identification method by using the filtering identification idea and the hierarchical identification principle from available input–output data. These filtered hierarchical generalized extended identification methods can be extended to other linear and nonlinear multivariable stochastic systems with colored noise.
{"title":"Hierarchical generalized extended parameter identification for multivariable equation-error ARMA-like systems by using the filtering identification idea","authors":"Feng Ding , Ling Xu , Xiao Zhang , Huan Xu , Yihong Zhou , Xiaoli Luan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The filtering identification idea is an effective tool for handling the parameter identification of systems with colored noise. The hierarchical identification principle is an effective approach for addressing the identification of complex systems. For multivariable equation-error autoregressive moving-average-like (M-EEARMA-like) models with colored noise, which are also called multivariable controlled autoregressive autoregressive moving-average-like (M-CARARMA-like) models, this paper investigates and proposes the filtered hierarchical generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended stochastic gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical generalized extended recursive gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended recursive gradient identification method, the filtered hierarchical generalized extended least squares identification method, and the filtered hierarchical multi-innovation generalized extended least squares identification method by using the filtering identification idea and the hierarchical identification principle from available input–output data. These filtered hierarchical generalized extended identification methods can be extended to other linear and nonlinear multivariable stochastic systems with colored noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50750,"journal":{"name":"Annual Reviews in Control","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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