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Teaching on the Fly: A Needs Assessment for an Ambulatory Resident-as-Teacher Workshop 即时教学:门诊住院医师即教师讲习班需求评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.426719
Gregory Zhang, Rachel Crispell, John J. Koch
Introduction: Residents play an important role in medical education, yet often feel unprepared without formal training. Teaching in the ambulatory setting raises unique challenges such as the difficulty of educating in a limited amount of time. We designed a brief, focused intervention as an initial needs assessment for a residents-as-teachers program in an ambulatory setting to address these concerns.Methods: A 1-day, 2.5-hour workshop was designed focusing on microskills, providing feedback, and ways to address common barriers in ambulatory teaching. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were conducted with both residents and medical students to assess the effects of the workshop on resident teaching in the clinic.Results: Although post-intervention surveys showed increased resident confidence and self-reported teaching behaviors, medical student surveys did not clearly demonstrate an increase in teaching behaviors. Didactic teaching on feedback and microskills with follow-on role playing were seen as the most helpful parts of the intervention.Conclusions: Self-assessment alone is an inadequate measure of effectiveness of our teaching intervention. While medical student data can help verify resident self-report, future iterations of our intervention should incorporate objective, third-party evaluation of teaching skill implementation.
介绍:住院医师在医学教育中扮演着重要角色,但他们往往感到没有经过正规培训,准备不足。在门诊环境中进行教学面临着独特的挑战,例如在有限的时间内进行教育的难度。为了解决这些问题,我们设计了一项简短而有针对性的干预措施,作为在门诊环境中开展住院医师即教师项目的初步需求评估:方法:我们设计了一个为期 1 天、2.5 小时的工作坊,重点是微技能、提供反馈以及解决门诊教学中常见障碍的方法。对住院医师和医学生进行了干预前和干预后调查,以评估研讨会对住院医师临床教学的影响:结果:虽然干预后的调查显示住院医师的自信心和自我报告的教学行为都有所提高,但医学生的调查并未明确显示教学行为有所提高。关于反馈和微技能的说教式教学以及后续角色扮演被认为是干预中最有帮助的部分:结论:仅凭自我评估不足以衡量教学干预的有效性。虽然医学生的数据可以帮助验证住院医师的自我报告,但我们的干预措施在未来的迭代中应纳入对教学技能实施情况的客观、第三方评估。
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引用次数: 0
Food Insecurity: Physician Perspectives, Screening and Communication 粮食不安全:医生视角、筛查和沟通
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.400838
Sally Heaberlin, Kelly S. Skelly, Marcy Rosenbaum, Stephanie K Bunt
Introduction: Primary care physicians may perceive food insecurity (FI) as a difficult topic to address in health care encounters, resulting in at-risk patients not being identified. This exploratory study examines physician perspectives on how decisions to screen patients for FI are made, effective FI communication strategies, and barriers to screening.Methods: Primary care physicians in the statewide, practice-based Iowa Research Network (IRENE) completed a study survey in May 2022 that included structured and open-ended questions regarding their experiences screening for FI. Thematic and descriptive analysis identified common themes in providers’ experiences and perspectives.Results: Although most physicians responding to the survey indicated that they have observed FI in their patient population, 27% have never observed FI in their practice. Physicians varied in their reasons for deciding to screen, with the most reported reason being “when it comes up in conversation.” Common screening barriers among respondents included limited appointment time and feeling inadequately prepared to connect patients with resources. Respondents noted that negative experiences with FI screening were rare and noted positive experiences, including gratitude from the patient, and building patient-physician trust. Respondents shared normalizing phrases that helped address the additional obstacle of feeling inadequately prepared to assess FI in a tactful manner.Conclusions: This study explored physicians' experiences with asking patients about FI and provides insight into FI screening gaps, barriers, and opportunities. Better understanding of physician attitudes and practices may help guide and address barriers to more effective and consistent FI screening.
导言:初级保健医生可能会认为食物不安全(FI)是一个难以在医疗保健会诊中解决的话题,从而导致高危患者无法被识别出来。这项探索性研究探讨了医生对如何决定对患者进行食物不安全筛查、有效的食物不安全沟通策略以及筛查障碍的看法:2022年5月,全州范围内以实践为基础的爱荷华研究网络(IRENE)中的初级保健医生完成了一项研究调查,其中包括有关他们筛查FI经验的结构化和开放式问题。主题分析和描述性分析确定了医疗服务提供者经验和观点中的共同主题:尽管大多数参与调查的医生表示,他们曾在病人群体中观察到过 FI,但有 27% 的医生从未在诊疗过程中观察到过 FI。医生们决定进行筛查的原因各不相同,其中报告最多的原因是 "在谈话中提及"。受访者中常见的筛查障碍包括预约时间有限以及感觉没有做好充分准备为患者联系资源。受访者指出,FI 筛查的负面经历并不多见,他们还提到了一些积极的经历,包括患者的感激之情以及建立患者与医生之间的信任。受访者分享了一些正常化的短语,这些短语有助于解决在以机智的方式评估 FI 时感到准备不足这一额外障碍:本研究探讨了医生向患者询问 FI 的经验,并提供了有关 FI 筛查差距、障碍和机遇的见解。更好地了解医生的态度和做法可能有助于指导和解决更有效、更一致的 FI 筛查障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in Vitamin B12 Level Testing in Patients on Metformin From 2000 to 2020 2000 至 2020 年二甲双胍患者维生素 B12 水平检测趋势
Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.278059
D. Bhanja, Areeba Zain, C. Moeckel, Abdul Waheed
Background and Objectives: Metformin is one of the primary pharmacologic agents for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it has been associated with interference in vitamin B12 absorption and deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency and T2DM can present diagnostic challenges for polyneuropathy. Diagnosis is essential for guiding treatment, yet the use of vitamin B12 level testing in this population may have dwindled over time amid changing practice guidelines. This study examines trends over time in the use of vitamin B12 level testing among patients on metformin.Methods: This retrospective trend analysis used data from TriNetX, a real-world, longitudinal clinical database. Patients treated with metformin from 2000 to 2020 were identified using Rx Concept Unique Identifier codes. The number of patients who underwent vitamin B12 level testing at any time after 1 month from metformin initiation was tabulated. Patients were grouped by the year of B12 level testing. Trends in B12 level testing were assessed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra statistical test (P<.05).Results: Out of 4,203,020 patients prescribed metformin, 1,055,995 (25.1%) underwent B12 level testing. The highest proportion of patients tested was in 2000 to 2002 (39.6%), while the lowest proportion was in 2018 to 2020 (20.1%). B12 testing utilization declined significantly by 19.5% from 2000-2002 to 2018-2020 (P=.001).Conclusions: In this study, we found that the use of vitamin B12 level testing in patients on metformin has significantly declined over the years, potentially impacting early detection of B12 deficiency. Future studies with more granular data from real-life practice are recommended to understand the precise reasons and impact of this trend.
背景和目的:二甲双胍是控制 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)的主要药物之一。然而,它与干扰维生素 B12 的吸收和缺乏有关。维生素 B12 缺乏症和 T2DM 可为多发性神经病的诊断带来挑战。诊断对于指导治疗至关重要,但随着实践指南的不断变化,维生素 B12 水平检测在这一人群中的使用可能会逐渐减少。本研究探讨了二甲双胍患者使用维生素 B12 水平检测的长期趋势:这项回顾性趋势分析使用的数据来自 TriNetX,这是一个真实世界的纵向临床数据库。使用Rx Concept Unique Identifier代码识别了2000年至2020年接受二甲双胍治疗的患者。在二甲双胍用药 1 个月后的任何时间接受维生素 B12 水平检测的患者人数被制成表格。根据 B12 水平检测的年份对患者进行分组。采用 Jonckheere-Terpstra 统计检验法评估 B12 水平检测的趋势(P<.05):在 4,203,020 名二甲双胍处方患者中,1,055,995 人(25.1%)接受了 B12 含量检测。2000年至2002年接受检测的患者比例最高(39.6%),2018年至2020年比例最低(20.1%)。从 2000-2002 年到 2018-2020 年,B12 检测利用率大幅下降了 19.5%(P=.001).结论:在这项研究中,我们发现服用二甲双胍的患者中维生素 B12 水平检测的使用率多年来明显下降,这可能会影响 B12 缺乏症的早期检测。建议今后开展研究,从实际生活中获取更多细化数据,以了解这一趋势的确切原因和影响。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual Care Integration: Balancing Physician Well-Being 虚拟医疗整合:平衡医生的福祉
Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.690812
Gabriel LaPlante, Oksana Babenko, Adam Neufeld
Background and Objectives: According to self-determination theory (SDT), fulfillment of three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—positively impacts people’s health and well-being. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, an accelerated adoption of virtual care practices coincided with a decline in the well-being of physicians. Taking into account the frequency of virtual care use, we examined the relationship between workplace need fulfillment and physician well-being.Methods: Using online survey methodology, in March through June 2022, we collected data from 156 family physicians (FPs) in Alberta, Canada. The survey contained scales that measured workplace need satisfaction and frustration, subjective well-being (physical, psychological, and relational), and frequency of virtual care use. We performed correlational and regression analyses of the data.Results: More frequent use of virtual care was associated with lower relatedness satisfaction among FPs. Controlling for the frequency of virtual care use, frustration of autonomy and competence needs negatively related to FPs’ physical well-being; frustration of competence and relatedness needs negatively related to their psychological and relational well-being.Conclusions: Findings from this study align with SDT and underscore the importance of supporting FPs’ basic psychological needs, while we work to integrate virtual care into clinical practice. In their day-to-day work, we encourage physicians to reflect on their own sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and consider how using virtual care aligns with these basic needs.
背景与目标:根据自我决定理论(SDT),满足自主性、能力和相关性这三项基本心理需求会对人们的健康和幸福产生积极影响。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,虚拟医疗实践的加速采用与医生幸福感的下降不谋而合。考虑到虚拟医疗的使用频率,我们研究了工作场所需求满足与医生幸福感之间的关系:方法:2022 年 3 月至 6 月,我们采用在线调查的方法收集了加拿大艾伯塔省 156 名家庭医生(FPs)的数据。该调查包含衡量工作场所需求满意度和挫折感、主观幸福感(生理、心理和关系)以及虚拟医疗使用频率的量表。我们对数据进行了相关分析和回归分析:结果:使用虚拟护理的频率越高,计划生育工作者对亲情的满意度越低。在控制虚拟护理使用频率的情况下,自主性和能力需求受挫与计划生育工作者的身体健康呈负相关;能力和亲情需求受挫与计划生育工作者的心理健康和亲情健康呈负相关:本研究的结果与 SDT 相吻合,强调了在我们努力将虚拟医疗融入临床实践的同时,支持全科医生基本心理需求的重要性。在日常工作中,我们鼓励医生反思自己的自主感、能力感和关系感,并考虑使用虚拟医疗如何与这些基本需求相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Define the Problem: Collaboration, Mission, or Funding? 界定问题:合作、使命还是资金?
Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.528002
Richard Guthmann
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引用次数: 0
The Mediating Role of Attending Rapport on Bullying and Medical Trainee Burnout 听课融洽度对欺凌和医学培训生职业倦怠的调节作用
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.840270
Danielle L. Terry, Kartik Moza
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether supervisory alliance (eg, rapport with supervisor) mediated the association between perceived bullying and trainee burnout.Methods: We administered electronic surveys to medical trainees (N=108) in a rural teaching hospital. The survey included measures of bullying, burnout, and supervisory rapport.Results: Using Baron and Kenny’s test of mediation with the Sobel test, we found that rapport with supervising attending partially mediated the relationship between bullying and burnout.Conclusions: This study reinforced the role of the attending physician and how perceived rapport may impact burnout. Given the high rate of bullying in medical training and the negative impact of burnout on physicians, further study is warranted to understand other factors that mediate the association between bullying and burnout.
背景与目的:本研究的目的是确定督导联盟(如与督导的关系融洽程度)是否能调节感知到的欺凌与受训人员职业倦怠之间的关系:本研究旨在确定督导联盟(如与督导的融洽关系)是否能调节感知到的欺凌与受训者职业倦怠之间的关系:我们对一家农村教学医院的医学学员(108 人)进行了电子调查。调查内容包括对欺凌、职业倦怠和督导关系的测量:利用巴伦和肯尼的中介检验法和索贝尔检验法,我们发现与主管主治医师的融洽关系部分调解了欺凌和职业倦怠之间的关系:本研究加强了主治医生的作用,以及感知到的融洽关系如何影响职业倦怠。鉴于医学培训中的高欺凌率以及职业倦怠对医生的负面影响,有必要开展进一步研究,以了解其他因素对欺凌与职业倦怠之间关系的中介作用。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating Student Clerkship Performance Using Multiple Assessment Components 利用多种评估要素评价学生实习表现
Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.160111
Oladimeji Oki, Zoon Naqvi, William Jordan, Conair E Guilliames, Heather Archer-Dyer, Maria Teresa Santos
Introduction: Family medicine clerkships utilize a broad set of objectives. The scope of these objectives cannot be measured by one assessment alone. Using multiple assessments aimed at measuring different objectives may provide more holistic evaluation of students. A further concern is to ensure longitudinal accuracy of assessments. In this study, we sought to better understand the relevance and validity of different assessment tools used in family medicine clerkships.Methods: We retrospectively correlated family medicine clerkship students’ scores across different assessments to evaluate the strengths of the correlations, between the different assessment tools. We defined ρ<0.3 as weak, ρ>0.3 to ρ<0.5 as moderate, and ρ>0.5 as high correlation.Results: We compared individual assessment scores for 267 students for analysis. The correlation of the clinical evaluation was 0.165 (P<.01); with case-based short-answer questions it was 0.153 (P<.01); and with objective structured clinical examinations it was -0.246 (P<0.01).Conclusion: Overall low levels of correlations between our assessments are expected, as they are each designed to measure different objectives. The relatively higher correlation between component scores supports convergent validity while correlations closer to zero suggest discriminant validity. Unexpectedly, comparing the multiple-choice questions and objective, structured clinical encounter (OSCE) assessments, we found higher correlation, although we believe these should measure disparate objectives. We replaced our in-house multiple-choice questions with a nationally-standardized exam and preliminary analysis shows the expected weaker correlation with the OSCE assessment, suggesting periodic correlations between assessments may be useful.
导言:全科医学实习采用一系列广泛的目标。这些目标的范围无法仅通过一项评估来衡量。使用多种评估来衡量不同的目标,可以对学生进行更全面的评价。另一个值得关注的问题是确保评估的纵向准确性。在本研究中,我们试图更好地了解在全科医学实习中使用的不同评估工具的相关性和有效性:我们对全科实习学生在不同评估中的得分进行了回顾性关联,以评估不同评估工具之间的关联强度。我们将ρ0.3至ρ0.5定义为高相关性:我们对 267 名学生的个人评估得分进行了比较分析。临床评估的相关性为 0.165 (P<.01);与基于案例的简答题的相关性为 0.153 (P<.01);与客观结构化临床考试的相关性为 -0.246 (P<0.01):我们的评估之间的相关性总体较低是意料之中的,因为它们都是为了测量不同的目标而设计的。各部分分数之间相对较高的相关性支持了聚合效度,而接近零的相关性则表明了区分效度。出乎意料的是,在比较多项选择题和客观、结构化临床实践(OSCE)评估时,我们发现了更高的相关性,尽管我们认为这些评估应衡量不同的目标。我们用全国统一的考试取代了内部的多项选择题,初步分析表明与 OSCE 评估的相关性较弱,这表明评估之间的定期相关性可能是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Screening for Conscientiousness at Start of Residency: Early Detection of Professionalism Concerns 在开始实习时筛查自觉性:早期发现专业精神方面的问题
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.733332
Christopher M. Haymaker, Kristi Vanderkolk, Megan Rhodes, Jeff Young, Lisa Graves
Introduction: Early identification of residents who may require remediation could help prevent problems for both individual residents and their programs. Our aim in this project was to identify whether residents prone to challenges with professionalism could be identified early.  Methods: For 3 years we tracked onboarding tasks completed by residents between official match and the first day of residency to develop a tool that would help identify residents who may be at risk for problems with timely chart completion and subsequent remediation. We compared residents’ “at risk” scores with in-training exam (ITE) scores to differentiate between professionalism (task completion issues) and medical knowledge.Results: Our at-risk tool successfully predicted timely chart completion rates and need for remediation within our residency program (Fischer’s exact P<.001), but was not predictive of ITE scores.Discussion: Using readily accessible information, we can identify residents at risk for poor task completion performance, who may benefit from extra support and development in the area of organizational skill. Early identification may increase opportunities for early intervention.
导言:及早发现可能需要补救的住院医师,有助于防止住院医师个人及其项目出现问题。我们本项目的目的是确定是否能及早识别出容易在专业精神方面遇到挑战的住院医师。 方法:在三年时间里,我们跟踪了住院医师从正式匹配到住院实习第一天期间所完成的入职任务,以开发一种工具,帮助确定哪些住院医师在及时完成病历和后续补救方面可能存在问题。我们将住院医师的 "风险 "得分与培训考试(ITE)得分进行了比较,以区分专业性(任务完成问题)和医学知识:结果:我们的 "风险 "工具成功地预测了住院医师培训项目中的病历及时完成率和补救需求(费舍尔精确检验 P<.001),但不能预测 ITE 分数:讨论:利用容易获取的信息,我们可以识别出任务完成情况不佳的住院医师,他们可能会受益于额外的支持和组织技能方面的发展。早期识别可以增加早期干预的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Could Workplace-Based Assessments Improve Faculty Teaching Confidence and Competence? 基于工作场所的评估能否提高教师的教学信心和能力?
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.517396
Arindam Sarkar, Kelly L. Smith, Brian D. Keisler, Kenneth Barning
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引用次数: 0
Collaborations Versus Missions 合作与使命
Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.22454/primer.2024.290931
J. Heidelbaugh
{"title":"Collaborations Versus Missions","authors":"J. Heidelbaugh","doi":"10.22454/primer.2024.290931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22454/primer.2024.290931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507541,"journal":{"name":"PRiMER","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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