Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111041
Marc A. Fardin, Thibaut Divoux, Sungyon Lee, Irmgard Bischofberger
Particulate suspensions, consisting of solid particles dispersed in a fluid, exhibit complex flow behaviors influenced by multiple factors, including particle interactions, concentration gradients, and external forces. Suspensions play an important role in diverse processes, from sediment transport to food processing, and display instabilities triggered by shear-driven effects, frictional interactions, and viscous forces. These instabilities can often be understood by identifying the key mechanical quantities that govern the dynamics. Following hydrodynamic tradition, such mechanics can be characterized by dimensionless numbers, which encapsulate the interplay between geometric, kinematic, and mechanical factors. Many of these numbers represent competitions between opposing pairs of mechanical quantities, which we discuss in detail while also considering a few phenomena that require more complex combinations. By emphasizing the underlying mechanical principles, this review provides a perspective for understanding pattern formation and flow instabilities in confined particulate suspensions across different flow geometries.
{"title":"Pattern Formation and Instabilities in Particulate Suspensions","authors":"Marc A. Fardin, Thibaut Divoux, Sungyon Lee, Irmgard Bischofberger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111041","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate suspensions, consisting of solid particles dispersed in a fluid, exhibit complex flow behaviors influenced by multiple factors, including particle interactions, concentration gradients, and external forces. Suspensions play an important role in diverse processes, from sediment transport to food processing, and display instabilities triggered by shear-driven effects, frictional interactions, and viscous forces. These instabilities can often be understood by identifying the key mechanical quantities that govern the dynamics. Following hydrodynamic tradition, such mechanics can be characterized by dimensionless numbers, which encapsulate the interplay between geometric, kinematic, and mechanical factors. Many of these numbers represent competitions between opposing pairs of mechanical quantities, which we discuss in detail while also considering a few phenomena that require more complex combinations. By emphasizing the underlying mechanical principles, this review provides a perspective for understanding pattern formation and flow instabilities in confined particulate suspensions across different flow geometries.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-054759
Linda J. Cummings, Binan Gu, Lou Kondic
In liquid filtration, a particulate-laden feed solution is passed through a porous material (the filter), often a membrane, designed to capture the particulate matter. Usually, the filter has a complex interior structure of interconnected pores, through which the feed passes, and in many cases of interest, it may be reasonable to approximate this interior structure as a network of interconnected tubes. This idea, which dates back about 70 years, greatly simplifies the modeling and simulation of the filtration process. In this article, we review the use of networks as a framework for modeling and investigating filtration, describing the key ideas and milestones. We also discuss some promising areas for future development of this field, particularly concerning the design of next-generation filters.
{"title":"Filtration in Pore Networks","authors":"Linda J. Cummings, Binan Gu, Lou Kondic","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-054759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-054759","url":null,"abstract":"In liquid filtration, a particulate-laden feed solution is passed through a porous material (the filter), often a membrane, designed to capture the particulate matter. Usually, the filter has a complex interior structure of interconnected pores, through which the feed passes, and in many cases of interest, it may be reasonable to approximate this interior structure as a network of interconnected tubes. This idea, which dates back about 70 years, greatly simplifies the modeling and simulation of the filtration process. In this article, we review the use of networks as a framework for modeling and investigating filtration, describing the key ideas and milestones. We also discuss some promising areas for future development of this field, particularly concerning the design of next-generation filters.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111114
Catherine Gorlé
This review first examines how urban wind flow impacts the sustainability and resilience of cities and identifies the three main challenges in predictive modeling of urban flows: the complexity of the flow physics, the variability and uncertainty in the flow conditions, and the diversity and multiscale nature of urban geometries. To review the complexity of the flow physics, the typical flow patterns observed in canonical urban flows are summarized, and related modeling challenges and opportunities in both wind tunnel experiments and simulations are highlighted. Next, opportunities to predict realistic urban flows by addressing the other challenges are explored through the lens of a modeling framework with uncertainty quantification. The important role of field measurements, supporting the more accurate characterization of uncertainties in the flow conditions, as well as enabling validation with real-world data, is emphasized. The review concludes with two specific examples that demonstrate how integrated use of field measurements and computational models can improve the understanding and modeling of real urban flows to ultimately support sustainable development goals for urban areas.
{"title":"Urban Fluid Mechanics, Resilience, and Sustainability","authors":"Catherine Gorlé","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-100224-111114","url":null,"abstract":"This review first examines how urban wind flow impacts the sustainability and resilience of cities and identifies the three main challenges in predictive modeling of urban flows: the complexity of the flow physics, the variability and uncertainty in the flow conditions, and the diversity and multiscale nature of urban geometries. To review the complexity of the flow physics, the typical flow patterns observed in canonical urban flows are summarized, and related modeling challenges and opportunities in both wind tunnel experiments and simulations are highlighted. Next, opportunities to predict realistic urban flows by addressing the other challenges are explored through the lens of a modeling framework with uncertainty quantification. The important role of field measurements, supporting the more accurate characterization of uncertainties in the flow conditions, as well as enabling validation with real-world data, is emphasized. The review concludes with two specific examples that demonstrate how integrated use of field measurements and computational models can improve the understanding and modeling of real urban flows to ultimately support sustainable development goals for urban areas.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-050451
Cristian Marchioli, Marco Edoardo Rosti, Gautier Verhille
In this article, we review recent progress in the fundamental understanding of the motion of flexible fibers in a turbulent flow, made through multiscale experiments and simulations. Emphasis is given to problems involving flexible fibers that can be conveniently described with discrete and continuum models closely related to the slender body theory. Current state-of-the-art measurement and simulation methods, including optical techniques, Euler–Lagrange approaches for tracking large swarms of fibers, and recent methodologies for simulating finite-size fibers, are discussed. The capabilities of simulations and experiments are surveyed in connection with the current physical understanding of how flexible fibers interact with the full spectrum of length scales and timescales of turbulence. We review the phenomenological and statistical features of fiber dispersion and spatial distribution. We also discuss the relevant aspects of fiber rotation and deformation, highlighting their connection with mechanisms such as fragmentation and turbulence modulation, which are known to exhibit peculiar features in the case of flexible fibers. We conclude our analysis by providing an outlook on future research direction paths, open methodological issues, and expected advances, in particular those associated with the study of flexible particles in a broader sense.
{"title":"Flexible Fibers in Turbulence","authors":"Cristian Marchioli, Marco Edoardo Rosti, Gautier Verhille","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-050451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-050451","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we review recent progress in the fundamental understanding of the motion of flexible fibers in a turbulent flow, made through multiscale experiments and simulations. Emphasis is given to problems involving flexible fibers that can be conveniently described with discrete and continuum models closely related to the slender body theory. Current state-of-the-art measurement and simulation methods, including optical techniques, Euler–Lagrange approaches for tracking large swarms of fibers, and recent methodologies for simulating finite-size fibers, are discussed. The capabilities of simulations and experiments are surveyed in connection with the current physical understanding of how flexible fibers interact with the full spectrum of length scales and timescales of turbulence. We review the phenomenological and statistical features of fiber dispersion and spatial distribution. We also discuss the relevant aspects of fiber rotation and deformation, highlighting their connection with mechanisms such as fragmentation and turbulence modulation, which are known to exhibit peculiar features in the case of flexible fibers. We conclude our analysis by providing an outlook on future research direction paths, open methodological issues, and expected advances, in particular those associated with the study of flexible particles in a broader sense.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062537
Alberto Guardone, Tommaso Bellosta, Alessandro Donizetti, Mariachiara Gallia
In-flight ice accretion poses a major safety concern in aviation. It occurs due to the icing from clouds of supercooled water droplets, the accumulation of ice crystals at high altitudes, or snow buildup. Assessing the detrimental effects of ice accretion on aircraft performance and handling qualities is a complex, multidisciplinary task, as it requires modeling the dynamics of the dispersed phase (water droplets, ice crystals, and snowflakes), the particle impact dynamics and its interaction with the aircraft surfaces, the liquid film dynamics, the solidification process, and possibly ice shedding. The ice protection systems must also be modeled. The present review addresses the status of ice accretion models and simulation tools. The intrinsically stochastic nature of ice accretion, combined with substantial operational and modeling uncertainties, makes it challenging to validate these tools against experimental observations and use simulation as a reliable means of compliance for certification in icing conditions, especially for innovative aircraft configurations such as wing-body and advanced urban air mobility vehicles.
{"title":"Aircraft Icing: Modeling and Simulation","authors":"Alberto Guardone, Tommaso Bellosta, Alessandro Donizetti, Mariachiara Gallia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062537","url":null,"abstract":"In-flight ice accretion poses a major safety concern in aviation. It occurs due to the icing from clouds of supercooled water droplets, the accumulation of ice crystals at high altitudes, or snow buildup. Assessing the detrimental effects of ice accretion on aircraft performance and handling qualities is a complex, multidisciplinary task, as it requires modeling the dynamics of the dispersed phase (water droplets, ice crystals, and snowflakes), the particle impact dynamics and its interaction with the aircraft surfaces, the liquid film dynamics, the solidification process, and possibly ice shedding. The ice protection systems must also be modeled. The present review addresses the status of ice accretion models and simulation tools. The intrinsically stochastic nature of ice accretion, combined with substantial operational and modeling uncertainties, makes it challenging to validate these tools against experimental observations and use simulation as a reliable means of compliance for certification in icing conditions, especially for innovative aircraft configurations such as wing-body and advanced urban air mobility vehicles.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112823-115348
Saini Jatin Rao, Saptarshi Basu
Droplets, which are ubiquitous in nature, are formed through intriguing processes, and one such route is air-assisted atomization or aerobreakup. This review focuses on secondary atomization, particularly the breakup of an individual droplet subjected to high-speed flows. This process involves complex interfacial dynamics with multiscale deformations, ranging from global flattening to local unstable waves. The deformations occur at progressively smaller scales while interacting with the surrounding gas phase, forming a nonlinear cascade. Each local undulation serves as a precursor to a self-similar evolution or subsecondary breakup process that ends with a ligament-mediated mechanism. In practical scenarios, droplets often encounter nonuniform, unsteady, impulsive, or compressible flows, like shock waves, which pose extreme conditions. The spatiotemporal scales of the nonuniformity or unsteadiness of the external flow must be comparable with the drop deformation scales at either global or local levels to influence aerobreakup that cascades across hierarchical deformation scales. The compressible effects at high Mach numbers are interestingly shown to suppress the tendency toward breakup.
{"title":"Secondary Atomization of Droplets at Extreme Conditions","authors":"Saini Jatin Rao, Saptarshi Basu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112823-115348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112823-115348","url":null,"abstract":"Droplets, which are ubiquitous in nature, are formed through intriguing processes, and one such route is air-assisted atomization or aerobreakup. This review focuses on secondary atomization, particularly the breakup of an individual droplet subjected to high-speed flows. This process involves complex interfacial dynamics with multiscale deformations, ranging from global flattening to local unstable waves. The deformations occur at progressively smaller scales while interacting with the surrounding gas phase, forming a nonlinear cascade. Each local undulation serves as a precursor to a self-similar evolution or subsecondary breakup process that ends with a ligament-mediated mechanism. In practical scenarios, droplets often encounter nonuniform, unsteady, impulsive, or compressible flows, like shock waves, which pose extreme conditions. The spatiotemporal scales of the nonuniformity or unsteadiness of the external flow must be comparable with the drop deformation scales at either global or local levels to influence aerobreakup that cascades across hierarchical deformation scales. The compressible effects at high Mach numbers are interestingly shown to suppress the tendency toward breakup.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062843
Nathalie M. Vriend, Karol A. Bacik
Sand dunes cover 5% of Earth's land surface, and they abundantly populate river bottoms and seabeds. The subtle dynamical interplay between the granular matter and the overlaying fluid leads to rich phenomenology at different scales, from colliding grains through migrating sand dunes to slowly evolving dune fields. In this review, we survey recent developments in the literature on the dynamics of sand dunes and focus in particular on the physics and mathematics. Our discussion is organized around four central paradigms of the field: flat bed instability, single dune migration, dune–dune interactions, and dune field statistics. Besides discussing the key scientific advances, we also highlight the methodological advances in observations, experiments, and simulations that facilitated them. We conclude our review by discussing the social implications of dune dynamics, such as the interaction between dune and infrastructure, and we offer speculation on what research topics related to sand dunes might become important in the next decade.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Sand Dunes","authors":"Nathalie M. Vriend, Karol A. Bacik","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-062843","url":null,"abstract":"Sand dunes cover 5% of Earth's land surface, and they abundantly populate river bottoms and seabeds. The subtle dynamical interplay between the granular matter and the overlaying fluid leads to rich phenomenology at different scales, from colliding grains through migrating sand dunes to slowly evolving dune fields. In this review, we survey recent developments in the literature on the dynamics of sand dunes and focus in particular on the physics and mathematics. Our discussion is organized around four central paradigms of the field: flat bed instability, single dune migration, dune–dune interactions, and dune field statistics. Besides discussing the key scientific advances, we also highlight the methodological advances in observations, experiments, and simulations that facilitated them. We conclude our review by discussing the social implications of dune dynamics, such as the interaction between dune and infrastructure, and we offer speculation on what research topics related to sand dunes might become important in the next decade.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-051243
Sergio Cuevas, Sergey A. Suslov, Aldo Figueroa
Electromagnetically forced flows in shallow electrolyte layers offer a versatile and nonintrusive method for exploring quasi-two-dimensional fluid dynamics. This review focuses on the experimental and theoretical aspects of such flows driven by Lorentz forces generated by the interaction of injected electric currents and the applied magnetic fields. The method is applicable to both liquid metals and electrolytes, with the latter more commonly used due to their wide availability and ease of handling. Experimental aspects of the method and key components of mathematical flow analysis are discussed. Initially developed for geophysical flow modeling, the method has been instrumental in exploring various other physical phenomena including vortex and wake dynamics, spatiotemporal chaos, and mixing processes. The review also addresses the challenges of achieving true two-dimensionality in laboratory settings and discusses the influence of various parameters, such as layer thickness and forcing intensity, on the flow behavior. Future research directions in the field are highlighted.
{"title":"Electromagnetically Forced Flows in Shallow Electrolyte Layers","authors":"Sergio Cuevas, Sergey A. Suslov, Aldo Figueroa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-051243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-051243","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetically forced flows in shallow electrolyte layers offer a versatile and nonintrusive method for exploring quasi-two-dimensional fluid dynamics. This review focuses on the experimental and theoretical aspects of such flows driven by Lorentz forces generated by the interaction of injected electric currents and the applied magnetic fields. The method is applicable to both liquid metals and electrolytes, with the latter more commonly used due to their wide availability and ease of handling. Experimental aspects of the method and key components of mathematical flow analysis are discussed. Initially developed for geophysical flow modeling, the method has been instrumental in exploring various other physical phenomena including vortex and wake dynamics, spatiotemporal chaos, and mixing processes. The review also addresses the challenges of achieving true two-dimensionality in laboratory settings and discusses the influence of various parameters, such as layer thickness and forcing intensity, on the flow behavior. Future research directions in the field are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-055048
Chloé Michaut, Anne Davaille, Stéphane Labrosse
Earth is the only known planet with plate tectonics, which involves a mobile upper thermal boundary layer. Other terrestrial planets show a one-plate immobile lithosphere, or stagnant lid, that insulates and isolates their interior. Here, we first review the different types of lids that can develop on rocky and icy bodies. As they formed by accretion, involving high-energy impacts, terrestrial planets likely started hot and molten. We examine the process of lid initiation from a magma ocean stage and develop the equations for lid growth. We survey how lateral perturbations in lid and crust thickness can be amplified during their growth and finally discuss the possible processes at the origin of lid rupture and plate generation.
{"title":"Formation and Evolution of Planetary Stagnant Lids and Crusts","authors":"Chloé Michaut, Anne Davaille, Stéphane Labrosse","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-055048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-112723-055048","url":null,"abstract":"Earth is the only known planet with plate tectonics, which involves a mobile upper thermal boundary layer. Other terrestrial planets show a one-plate immobile lithosphere, or stagnant lid, that insulates and isolates their interior. Here, we first review the different types of lids that can develop on rocky and icy bodies. As they formed by accretion, involving high-energy impacts, terrestrial planets likely started hot and molten. We examine the process of lid initiation from a magma ocean stage and develop the equations for lid growth. We survey how lateral perturbations in lid and crust thickness can be amplified during their growth and finally discuss the possible processes at the origin of lid rupture and plate generation.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-031224-121649
Emmanuel Dormy
The problem of the geodynamo is simple to formulate (Why does the Earth possess a magnetic field?), yet it proves surprisingly hard to address. As with most geophysical flows, the fluid flow of molten iron in the Earth's core is strongly influenced by the Coriolis effect. Because the liquid is electrically conducting, it is also strongly influenced by the Lorentz force. The balance is unusual in that, whereas each of these effects considered separately tends to impede the flow, the magnetic field in the Earth's core relaxes the effect of the rapid rotation and allows the development of a large-scale flow in the core that in turn regenerates the field. This review covers some recent developments regarding the interplay between rotation and magnetic fields and how it affects the flow in the Earth's core.
{"title":"Rapidly Rotating Magnetohydrodynamics and the Geodynamo","authors":"Emmanuel Dormy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-031224-121649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-031224-121649","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the geodynamo is simple to formulate (Why does the Earth possess a magnetic field?), yet it proves surprisingly hard to address. As with most geophysical flows, the fluid flow of molten iron in the Earth's core is strongly influenced by the Coriolis effect. Because the liquid is electrically conducting, it is also strongly influenced by the Lorentz force. The balance is unusual in that, whereas each of these effects considered separately tends to impede the flow, the magnetic field in the Earth's core relaxes the effect of the rapid rotation and allows the development of a large-scale flow in the core that in turn regenerates the field. This review covers some recent developments regarding the interplay between rotation and magnetic fields and how it affects the flow in the Earth's core.","PeriodicalId":50754,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：