Annual Review of Clinical Psychology最新文献

Hormone sensitivity is a heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple dimensions of sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. While the majority of menstruating individuals do not experience any significant impact from these hormone changes on mood or behavior, rates of hormone sensitivity in clinical populations, particularly affective disorders, are substantially elevated, suggesting potential shared psychosocial or physiological mechanisms or moderators of risk. In this review, we provide an overview of menstrually related mood disorders and dimensions of hormone sensitivity across the cycle contributing to these presentations. We discuss how hormone sensitivity during the menstrual cycle corresponds with affective problems during other reproductive life events (puberty, perimenopause, pregnancy/postpartum) and review the evidence for environmental, neurobiological, and cognitive/affective factors associated with hormone sensitivity. Methodological considerations and directions for further research are highlighted throughout.

This review provides an overview of biological processes that contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It encourages nonreductionist integration of biological findings with psychological and social constructs. OCD runs in families; studies are beginning to identify genetic variants that contribute to risk, though these findings are not yet clinically actionable. A robust body of neuroimaging research implicates hyperactivity in certain brain circuits in the pathophysiology of OCD, which often normalizes following successful treatment. The efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is well-established; however, evidence does not support a simple serotonin deficit model. The role of the neurotransmitter glutamate in pathophysiology and treatment is under investigation. Emerging research is exploring the contributions of immune system dysregulation and of hormones to pathophysiology. Pharmacological treatment strategies are reviewed, as are anatomically targeted interventions for refractory cases. Future treatments will likely synergistically deploy somatic and psychotherapeutic interventions, leveraging biological tools to enhance mechanisms of psychological change.

Adults who provide care to family members living with dementia experience substantial impacts to their well-being. Dementia family caregivers are the backbone of health and long-term care services in the United States, yet they typically do not access evidence-based caregiver interventions. This is especially the case for racial and ethnic minoritized populations, who experience higher rates of dementia yet lower access to diagnostic and specialty care services and evidence-based interventions. This review appraises the peer-reviewed literature on randomized clinical trials to test the effectiveness of caregiver interventions, the extent of cultural adaptations, and their impact on psychological outcomes, including mastery. We find that few evidence-based interventions incorporate cultural and linguistic adaptations, and when they do, most fall short of following formal adaptation frameworks and documenting treatment effects on psychological outcomes by racial and ethnic group. Research must address these shortcomings to increase the equitable distribution of caregiver interventions for all Americans.