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Impostor Phenomenon in Racially/Ethnically Minoritized Groups: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. 种族/族裔少数群体中的冒名顶替现象:当前知识与未来方向》。
IF 17.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-015724
Kevin O Cokley, Donte L Bernard, Steven Stone-Sabali, Germine H Awad

In recent years there has been a surge of research conducted on the impostor phenomenon, with approximately half of all impostor phenomenon articles being published between 2020 and 2022 and growing interest in understanding how the impostor phenomenon affects racially and ethnically minoritized individuals. Questions around intersectionality remain about how to apply the impostor phenomenon to the experiences of minoritized individuals. In this review, we revisit the historical context of the impostor phenomenon. We address issues of nomenclature and current controversies regarding whether the impostor phenomenon (a) blames the victim, (b) should be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and (c) is beneficial for individuals. In addition, we address the limitations of current research on racially and ethnically minoritized individuals, especially women of color. Finally, we conclude by discussing the need for a reconceptualized racialized impostor phenomenon as well as the need to establish new impostor phenomenon measures, conduct more quantitative research with diverse samples, and create culturally tailored interventions.

近年来,关于冒名顶替现象的研究激增,在 2020 年至 2022 年期间发表的关于冒名顶替现象的文章约占所有文章的一半,人们对了解冒名顶替现象如何影响少数种族和族裔个人的兴趣日益浓厚。关于如何将冒名顶替现象应用于少数群体的经历,围绕交叉性的问题依然存在。在本综述中,我们将重温冒名顶替现象的历史背景。我们讨论了有关冒名顶替现象(a)是否指责受害者、(b)是否应纳入《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》(DSM)以及(c)是否对个人有益的术语问题和当前争议。此外,我们还讨论了目前针对少数种族和民族,尤其是有色人种妇女的研究的局限性。最后,我们讨论了重新认识种族化冒名顶替现象的必要性,以及建立新的冒名顶替现象测量方法、对不同样本进行更多定量研究和制定适合不同文化的干预措施的必要性。临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 5 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
History and Iatrogenic Effects of Conversion Therapy. 转换疗法的历史和先天影响。
IF 17.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-052144
Gerald C Davison, Kyla-Rose Walden

Research indicates that sexual orientation change efforts (SOCEs) are not effective and furthermore commonly lead to iatrogenic effects such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide. Negative attitudes toward homosexuality derive from most formal religions and are incarnated in medical and psychological theories that support and encourage SOCEs. Oppression of sexual minorities makes it unlikely that change requests by patients are voluntary. Recently there has been a dramatic change as the field moves from reparative to affirmative approaches. Here, we review the history of SOCEs, their consequences, current affirmative treatments, and future directions in the field as they pertain to the well-being of the queer community. From an institutional community psychology perspective, we argue that even if true conversion were possible, such efforts are unethical and should not be pursued even if requested. As is the case with all psychological/psychiatric interventions, the issue is not "can" but "ought."

研究表明,改变性取向的努力(SOCEs)并不有效,而且通常会导致抑郁、焦虑甚至自杀等先天性后果。对同性恋的负面态度源于大多数正规宗教,并体现在支持和鼓励改变性取向的医学和心理学理论中。对性少数群体的压迫使得患者不太可能自愿提出改变要求。最近,这一领域发生了巨大的变化,从补偿性方法转向了肯定性方法。在此,我们回顾了 SOCEs 的历史、其后果、当前的平权疗法以及该领域未来的发展方向,因为它们与同性恋群体的福祉息息相关。从机构社区心理学的角度来看,我们认为,即使有可能实现真正的转化,这种努力也是不道德的,即使有人提出要求,也不应该去做。正如所有心理/精神干预措施一样,问题不在于 "能否",而在于 "是否应该"。临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 5 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in Group-Based Trajectory Modeling for Clinical Research 临床研究中基于群体的轨迹建模的最新进展
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-012416
Daniel S. Nagin, Bobby L. Jones, Jonathan Elmer
Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identifies groups of individuals following similar trajectories of one or more repeated measures. The categorical nature of GBTM is particularly well suited to clinical psychology and medicine, where patients are often classified into discrete diagnostic categories. This review highlights recent advances in GBTM and key capabilities that remain underappreciated in clinical research. These include accounting for nonrandom subject attrition, joint trajectory and multitrajectory modeling, the addition of the beta distribution to modeling options, associating trajectories with future outcomes, and estimating the probability of future outcomes. Also discussed is an approach to selecting the number of trajectory groups.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
基于群体的轨迹建模(GBTM)可以识别出遵循一种或多种重复测量的相似轨迹的群体。GBTM 的分类性质尤其适用于临床心理学和医学,因为在临床心理学和医学中,患者通常被划分为离散的诊断类别。本综述重点介绍了 GBTM 的最新进展以及在临床研究中仍未得到充分重视的关键功能。这些功能包括考虑非随机的受试者损耗、联合轨迹和多轨迹建模、在建模选项中增加贝塔分布、将轨迹与未来结果联系起来以及估计未来结果的概率。此外,还讨论了选择轨迹组数量的方法。《临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 5 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Homelessness Among Young People to Improve Outcomes 了解年轻人中的无家可归现象以改善结果
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081903
Norweeta G. Milburn, Eric Rice, Laura Petry
In the United States, an estimated 4.2 million young people experience homelessness during critical stages in their development—adolescence and emerging adulthood. While research on youth homelessness often emphasizes risk and vulnerability, the field must situate these issues within the developmental trajectories of adolescence and emerging adulthood to effectively prevent and end youth homelessness. This review uses the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) as a conceptual framework for contextualizing the landscape of youth homelessness research in the United States since 2010. An extension of ecological models of risk-taking, RAAM emphasizes both risk and resilience, positing that negative as well as positive socialization processes across interactions with family, peers, social services, and formal institutions affect key housing, health, and behavioral outcomes for youth experiencing homelessness. This review applies RAAM to our understanding of the causes and consequences of youth homelessness, recent interventions, and recommendations for future directions.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
在美国,估计有 420 万青少年在其成长的关键阶段--青春期和成年期--经历过无家可归的问题。尽管有关青少年无家可归问题的研究通常强调风险和脆弱性,但该领域必须将这些问题置于青春期和成年期的发展轨迹中,以有效预防和结束青少年无家可归问题。本综述以 "风险放大与消减模型"(RAAM)为概念框架,对 2010 年以来美国青少年无家可归问题的研究情况进行了梳理。作为风险承担生态模型的延伸,RAAM 同时强调风险和复原力,认为在与家庭、同龄人、社会服务和正规机构的互动中,消极和积极的社会化过程都会影响无家可归青年的主要住房、健康和行为结果。本综述将 RAAM 应用于我们对青少年无家可归的原因和后果、近期干预措施以及未来方向建议的理解。《临床心理学年度综述》第 20 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 5 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年强迫症
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-043910
Jordan T. Stiede, Samuel D. Spencer, Ogechi Onyeka, Katie H. Mangen, Molly J. Church, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a neurobehavioral condition that can lead to functional impairment in multiple domains and decreased quality of life. We review the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and common comorbidities of pediatric OCD. An overview of the biological and psychological models of OCD is provided along with a discussion of developmental considerations in youth. We also describe evidence-based treatments for OCD in childhood and adolescence, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy. Finally, research evaluating the delivery of CBT in different formats and modalities is discussed, and we conclude with suggestions for future research directions.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
儿童和青少年的强迫症(OCD)是一种神经行为疾病,可导致多个领域的功能损害和生活质量下降。我们回顾临床表现,诊断注意事项,和常见的合并症的儿科强迫症。概述了强迫症的生物学和心理学模型,并讨论了青少年的发展问题。我们还描述了儿童和青少年强迫症的循证治疗方法,包括暴露和反应预防(ERP)和药物治疗的认知行为疗法(CBT)。最后,讨论了不同形式和模式的认知行为治疗的研究,并对未来的研究方向提出了建议。预计《临床心理学年度评论》第20卷的最终在线出版日期为2024年5月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 0
What Four Decades of Meta-Analysis Have Taught Us About Youth Psychotherapy and the Science of Research Synthesis. 四十年的元分析告诉我们关于青少年心理治疗和研究综合科学。
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082920
John R Weisz, Katherine E Venturo-Conerly, Olivia M Fitzpatrick, Jennifer A Frederick, Mei Yi Ng

Intervention scientists have published more than 600 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of youth psychotherapies. Four decades of meta-analyses have been used to synthesize the RCT findings and identify scientifically and clinically significant patterns. These meta-analyses have limitations, noted herein, but they have advanced our understanding of youth psychotherapy, revealing (a) mental health problems for which our interventions are more and less successful (e.g., anxiety and depression, respectively); (b) the beneficial effects of single-session interventions, interventions delivered remotely, and interventions tested in low- and middle-income countries; (c) the association of societal sexism and racism with reduced treatment benefit in majority-girl and majority-Black groups; and, importantly, (d) the finding that average youth treatment benefit has not increased across five decades of research, suggesting that new strategies may be needed. Opportunities for the future include boosting relevance to policy and practice and using meta-analysis to identify mechanisms of change and guide personalizing of treatment.

干预科学家已经发表了600多个青少年心理治疗的随机对照试验(rct)。四十年的荟萃分析被用于综合RCT结果,并确定科学和临床意义的模式。本文指出,这些荟萃分析有局限性,但它们促进了我们对青少年心理治疗的理解,揭示了(a)我们的干预措施或多或少成功的心理健康问题(例如,分别是焦虑和抑郁);(b)单次干预措施、远程提供的干预措施以及在低收入和中等收入国家测试的干预措施的有益效果;(c)社会性别歧视和种族主义与多数女孩和多数黑人群体的治疗福利减少有关;而且,重要的是,(d)在50年的研究中发现,青少年治疗的平均收益并没有增加,这表明可能需要新的策略。未来的机会包括提高与政策和实践的相关性,并使用元分析来确定变化机制并指导个性化治疗。
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引用次数: 1
Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Resilience Factors in African American Youth Mental Health. 非裔美国青年心理健康的种族、民族和文化弹性因素。
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-015146
Enrique W Neblett

Racism constitutes a significant risk to the mental health of African American children, adolescents, and emerging adults. This review evaluates recent literature examining ethnic and racial identity, ethnic-racial socialization, religiosity and spirituality, and family and parenting as racial, ethnic, and cultural resilience factors that shape the impact of racism on youth mental health. Representative studies, purported mechanisms, and critiques of prior research are presented for each factor. Recent studies of racism and resilience revisit foundational resilience factors from prior research while reflecting new and important advances (e.g., consideration of gender, cultural context, structural racism), providing important insights for the development of prevention and intervention efforts and policy that can alleviate mental health suffering and promote health and mental health equity for African American youth.

种族主义对非裔美国儿童、青少年和新生成人的心理健康构成重大风险。本综述评估了最近的文献,这些文献研究了种族和种族认同、种族-种族社会化、宗教信仰和灵性、家庭和父母作为种族、民族和文化弹性因素对种族主义对青少年心理健康的影响。代表性的研究,声称的机制,和批评先前的研究提出了每个因素。最近关于种族主义和心理弹性的研究重新审视了先前研究的基本心理弹性因素,同时反映了新的重要进展(例如,考虑性别、文化背景、结构性种族主义),为制定预防和干预措施和政策提供了重要见解,这些措施和政策可以减轻非裔美国青年的心理健康痛苦,促进健康和心理健康公平。
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引用次数: 1
Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Ethnically Diverse Populations. 多元种族人群的文化反应性认知行为疗法。
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-072750
Stanley J Huey, Alayna L Park, Chardée A Galán, Crystal X Wang

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often referred to as the "gold standard" treatment for mental health problems, given the large body of evidence supporting its efficacy. However, there are persistent questions about the generalizability of CBTs to culturally diverse populations and whether culturally sensitive approaches are warranted. In this review, we synthesize the literature on CBT for ethnic minorities, with an emphasis on randomized trials that address cultural sensitivity within the context of CBT. In general, we find that CBT is effective for ethnic minorities with diverse mental health problems, although nonsignificant trends suggest that CBT effects may be somewhat weaker for ethnic minorities compared to Whites. We find mixed support for the cultural adaptation of CBTs, but evidence for cultural sensitivity training of CBT clinicians is lacking, given a dearth of relevant trials. Based on the limited evidence thus far, we summarize three broad models for addressing cultural issues when providing CBT to diverse populations.

认知行为疗法(CBT)通常被认为是治疗心理健康问题的“黄金标准”,因为有大量证据支持其疗效。然而,关于cbt在不同文化人群中的普遍性,以及文化敏感性方法是否有必要,一直存在一些问题。在这篇综述中,我们综合了关于少数民族CBT的文献,重点是在CBT背景下研究文化敏感性的随机试验。总的来说,我们发现CBT对不同心理健康问题的少数民族是有效的,尽管没有显著的趋势表明CBT对少数民族的效果可能比白人弱一些。我们发现CBT的文化适应性得到了不同程度的支持,但由于缺乏相关试验,缺乏CBT临床医生文化敏感性培训的证据。基于迄今为止有限的证据,我们总结了在向不同人群提供CBT时解决文化问题的三种广泛模型。
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引用次数: 4
Supernatural Attributions: Seeing God, the Devil, Demons, Spirits, Fate, and Karma as Causes of Events. 超自然归因:将上帝、魔鬼、恶魔、灵魂、命运和业力视为事件的起因。
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081114
Julie J Exline, Joshua A Wilt

For many people worldwide, supernatural beliefs and attributions-those focused on God, the devil, demons, spirits, an afterlife, karma, or fate-are part of everyday life. Although not widely studied in clinical psychology, these beliefs and attributions are a key part of human diversity. This article provides a broad overview of research on supernatural beliefs and attributions with special attention to their psychological relevance: They can serve as coping resources, sources of distress, psychopathology signals, moral guides, and decision-making tools. Although supernatural attributions sometimes involve dramatic experiences seen to violate natural laws, people more commonly think of supernatural entities working indirectly through natural events. A whole host of factors can lead people to make supernatural attributions, including contextual factors, specific beliefs, psychopathology, cognitive styles and personality, and social and cultural influences. Our aim is to provide clinical psychologists with an entry point into this rich, fascinating, and often overlooked literature.

对于世界各地的许多人来说,超自然的信仰和归因——那些专注于上帝、魔鬼、恶魔、灵魂、来世、因果报应或命运的信仰和归因——是日常生活的一部分。虽然在临床心理学中没有广泛研究,但这些信念和归因是人类多样性的关键组成部分。这篇文章提供了对超自然信仰和归因研究的广泛概述,特别关注它们的心理相关性:它们可以作为应对资源、痛苦来源、精神病理信号、道德指南和决策工具。虽然超自然的归因有时涉及违反自然规律的戏剧性经历,但人们通常认为超自然的实体间接地通过自然事件起作用。很多因素都可以导致人们做出超自然的归因,包括环境因素、特定信仰、精神病理学、认知风格和个性,以及社会和文化影响。我们的目标是为临床心理学家提供一个进入这个丰富的,迷人的,经常被忽视的文学的切入点。
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引用次数: 6
Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth. 跨性别和性别多样化青年的心理健康。
IF 18.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Epub Date: 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-020326
Natalie M Wittlin, Laura E Kuper, Kristina R Olson

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children and adolescents are an increasingly visible yet highly stigmatized group. These youth experience more psychological distress than not only their cisgender, heterosexual peers but also their cisgender, sexual minority peers. In this review, we document these mental health disparities and discuss potential explanations for them using a minority stress framework. We also discuss factors that may increase and decrease TGD youth's vulnerability to psychological distress. Further, we review interventions, including gender-affirming medical care, that may improve mental health in TGD youth. We conclude by discussing limitations of current research and suggestions for the future.

跨性别和性别多样化(TGD)儿童和青少年是一个越来越明显但高度污名化的群体。这些年轻人不仅比顺性别的异性恋同龄人,而且比顺性别、性少数群体同龄人经历更多的心理痛苦。在这篇综述中,我们记录了这些心理健康差异,并使用少数群体压力框架讨论了对它们的潜在解释。我们还讨论了可能增加和减少TGD青年易受心理困扰的因素。此外,我们还回顾了可能改善TGD青年心理健康的干预措施,包括确认性别的医疗保健。最后,我们讨论了当前研究的局限性和对未来的建议。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
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