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English-Learner-Classified Students and Absenteeism: A Within-Group Analysis of Missing School 英语学习者分类学生与旷课:缺课的组内分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241258770
L. Santibañez, Michael A. Gottfried, Jennifer A. Freeman
This article used a rich longitudinal data set from four school districts in California to study absenteeism patterns among students classified as an English learner (EL). We looked at absence patterns overall and disaggregated by EL classification, grade level, and pre/post COVID-19. When their demographic and school-level factors are considered, ELs have fewer absences and are less likely to be chronically absent than non-EL students. This finding is evident for all EL classified groups, although the differences in absenteeism for long-term EL (LTEL) and newcomer EL students are markedly smaller than for other EL subgroups. The negative absenteeism patterns for ELs shifted after the COVID-19 pandemic. EL-classified students experienced higher absenteeism rates during the pandemic even when holding other factors constant. This rising absenteeism trend is most evident for current ELs and LTELs.
本文利用来自加利福尼亚州四个学区的丰富纵向数据集,研究了被归类为英语学习者(EL)的学生的缺勤模式。我们研究了整体缺勤模式,并按英语学习者分类、年级和 COVID-19 前后进行了分类。如果考虑到他们的人口统计和学校层面的因素,与非英语学习者学生相比,英语学习者的缺勤率较低,长期缺勤的可能性也较小。这一结果在所有英语学习者分类群体中都很明显,尽管长期英语学习者(LTEL)和新来的英语学习者在旷课方面的差异明显小于其他英语学习者亚群体。在 COVID-19 大流行之后,英语学习者的消极旷课模式发生了变化。即使在其他因素不变的情况下,在大流行期间,被归类为 EL 的学生的旷课率也较高。这种旷课率上升的趋势在目前的 EL 和 LTEL 中最为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Text-to-Speech Technology and Math Performance: A Comparative Study of Students With Disabilities, English Language Learners, and Their General Education Peers 文本到语音技术与数学成绩:残疾学生、英语语言学习者与普通教育学生的比较研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241232995
Xin Wei
This study investigates the relationship between text-to-speech (TTS) usage and item-by-item performance in the 2017 eighth-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math assessment, focusing on students with disabilities (SWDs), English language learners (ELLs), and their general education (GE) peers. Results indicate that all students use TTS more for longer and more difficult math items as well as for multiple-choice or short-response formats. Among SWDs and GE students, lower math proficiency and higher perceived time pressure are linked to higher TTS usage. Moreover, among GE students, factors such as male gender, minority status, lower math persistence, and higher math interest and effort during testing contribute to higher TTS usage. TTS usage is positively associated with item performance for SWDs and ELLs who received extended time accommodations but not for those who did not receive such accommodations or for general education students. The study suggests that the time constraints of speeded digital assessments may limit the potential benefits of TTS for SWDs and ELLs in math problem-solving.
本研究调查了文本转语音(TTS)的使用与 2017 年八年级全国教育进展评估(NAEP)数学评估中各项目成绩之间的关系,重点关注残疾学生(SWDs)、英语语言学习者(ELLs)及其普通教育(GE)同龄人。结果表明,所有学生在较长、较难的数学题目以及选择题或简答题中都更多地使用了 TTS。在特殊教育学生和普通教育学生中,较低的数学水平和较高的时间压力与较高的 TTS 使用率有关。此外,在普通教育学生中,男性性别、少数族裔身份、较低的数学持久性以及较高的数学兴趣和在测试中的努力程度等因素也会导致较高的 TTS 使用率。对于那些接受了延长时间辅导的特殊教育学生和英语语言学习者来说,使用 TTS 与项目成绩呈正相关,但对于那些没有接受这种辅导的学生或普通教育学生来说,使用 TTS 与项目成绩没有正相关。该研究表明,加速数字评估的时间限制可能会限制 TTS 在解决数学问题方面对特困生和英语语言学习者的潜在益处。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Superintendent Pipeline: A Call for a National Longitudinal Dataset 了解学监培养计划:呼吁建立国家纵向数据集
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241232621
David E. DeMatthews, Alexandra Aylward, David Knight, Pedro Reyes
A recent study published in Educational Researcher by White (2023) examined superintendent gender gaps. This work required 4 years of internet searches to identify and match superintendent names with each of the roughly 13,000 school districts in the United States. Although this study provided important insights into the superintendent gender gaps, the study is unable to examine gaps for females of color or the long-term career pathways of superintendents. The lack of a national longitudinal superintendent dataset has meant researchers and policymakers have limited insights into superintendent racial and gender gaps, turnover rates, experience, and career pathways to the superintendency. Drawing on data from the Texas State Longitudinal Data System, we offer several findings to provide a glimpse of what could be accomplished with a longitudinal dataset. Policymakers, school boards, search firms, and communities will fail to understand the full range of challenges and opportunities to diversifying and strengthening the superintendent workforce until such a dataset exists and is accessible to researchers and other interested parties.
怀特(White,2023 年)最近在《教育研究者》(Educational Researcher)杂志上发表了一项研究,探讨了校长的性别差距。这项工作需要在互联网上搜索 4 年,以确定并匹配美国约 13,000 个学区中每个学区的校长姓名。虽然这项研究为了解学监性别差距提供了重要的见解,但它未能考察有色人种女性的差距或学监的长期职业发展途径。由于缺乏全国性的学监纵向数据集,研究人员和政策制定者对学监的种族和性别差距、更替率、经验和学监职业发展途径的了解十分有限。根据得克萨斯州纵向数据系统的数据,我们提供了一些发现,让大家了解纵向数据集可以取得哪些成果。政策制定者、学校董事会、猎头公司和社区将无法全面了解在实现和加强学监队伍多元化方面所面临的挑战和机遇,除非有这样一个数据集,并且可供研究人员和其他有关方面使用。
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引用次数: 0
Teacher Working Conditions and Dissatisfaction Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 大流行之前和期间的教师工作条件和不满情绪
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241232657
Christopher Redding, Tuan D. Nguyen
With a goal of contextualizing teacher job dissatisfaction during the first full school year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we contrast teachers’ experiences with the decade and a half leading up to the pandemic. We draw on nationally representative data from the Schools and Staffing Survey and National Teacher and Principal Survey from the 2003–04 to 2020–21 school years. Through descriptive and regression analysis, we show that (1) increases in teacher dissatisfaction beginning in the 2015–16 school year persisted into the 2020–21 school year, (2) levels of dissatisfaction during the pandemic were not equal across subpopulations of teachers, and (3) positive working conditions consistently predicted lower job dissatisfaction, including in the 2020–21 school year.
在 COVID-19 大流行后的第一个完整学年中,我们将教师的工作不满意度与大流行前十五年的情况进行了对比,旨在了解教师工作不满意度的来龙去脉。我们从 2003-04 学年至 2020-21 学年的 "学校与人员编制调查"(Schools and Staffing Survey)和 "全国教师与校长调查"(National Teacher and Principal Survey)中获取了具有全国代表性的数据。通过描述性分析和回归分析,我们发现:(1)从 2015-16 学年开始,教师不满意度的上升一直持续到 2020-21 学年;(2)大流行期间,不同教师群体的不满意度并不相同;(3)积极的工作条件始终预示着较低的工作不满意度,包括在 2020-21 学年。
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引用次数: 0
School Discipline, Police Contact, and GPA: A Mediation Analysis 学校纪律、与警察的接触和 GPA:调解分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241231988
Aaron Gottlieb, Zitsi Mirakhur, Bianca Schindeler
Exclusionary school discipline is one of the primary ways that schools address student behavior. Existing scholarship has focused on examining the implications of exclusionary school discipline for two sets of outcomes: academic achievement and future juvenile and criminal legal involvement. However, these two areas of scholarship are largely treated as separate. In this paper, we bridge these two research areas by drawing on scholarship examining the negative educational consequences of police contact for youth. Specifically, we formally test the proposition that the association between school suspension in childhood and adolescent academic achievement is mediated by police contact experienced in early adolescence. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we find support for this hypothesis: Early adolescent police contact explains approximately 30% of the association between school suspension in childhood and adolescent GPA. By relying on exclusionary school discipline, our results suggest that schools are setting the stage for youth to become involved in the criminal legal system, which, in turn, hinders future academic achievement.
排斥性校纪是学校处理学生行为的主要方式之一。现有的学术研究主要集中在研究排斥性学校纪律对两类结果的影响:学业成绩和未来的青少年及刑事法律参与。然而,这两个领域的研究在很大程度上是分开进行的。在本文中,我们借鉴了研究与警察接触对青少年教育的负面影响的学术成果,在这两个研究领域之间架起了一座桥梁。具体来说,我们正式检验了这样一个命题,即儿童时期的停学与青少年学业成绩之间的关联是由青少年早期的警察接触所中介的。利用 "家庭未来与儿童福祉研究"(Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study)的数据,我们发现这一假设得到了支持:青少年早期与警察的接触可以解释儿童时期停学与青少年 GPA 之间约 30% 的关联。我们的研究结果表明,学校通过采取排斥性的校纪校规,为青少年卷入刑事法律体系埋下了伏笔,这反过来又阻碍了他们未来的学业成绩。
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引用次数: 0
Out-of-School Time Programs in the United States in an Era of Racial Reckoning: Insights on Equity From Practitioners, Scholars, Policy Influencers, and Young People 种族反思时代的美国校外时间计划:实践者、学者、政策影响者和年轻人对公平的见解
Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241228824
Bianca J. Baldridge, Daniela DiGiacomo, Ben Kirshner, Sam Mejias, Deepa S. Vasudevan
The out-of-school time (OST) field in the United States has a complex history. The push to offer programming reflects a legacy rooted in moral panics about racially minoritized youth. However, this field is populated by community spaces that act as multipurpose sites of culturally sustaining educational practices supporting positive youth development. We report findings from interviews with OST leaders, youth workers, policy influencers, and youth about how to create, sustain, and protect more liberatory and humanizing practices, demonstrating that racism and deficit-based thinking continue to inform programmatic practices and youth experiences. Furthermore, this study reveals that programs with expansive ideas of youth voice, healing justice, and whole-child approaches to youth development create better opportunities for connection and belonging.
美国的校外时间(OST)领域有着复杂的历史。对提供课程的推动反映了植根于对少数种族青少年的道德恐慌的传统。然而,在这一领域中,社区空间作为支持青少年积极发展的文化可持续教育实践的多功能场所,发挥着重要作用。我们报告了对 OST 领导者、青少年工作者、政策影响者和青少年的访谈结果,内容涉及如何创建、维持和保护更具解放性和人性化的实践,表明种族主义和基于赤字的思维仍在影响着项目实践和青少年体验。此外,本研究还揭示了一些项目在青少年话语权、愈合正义和青少年全人发展等方面具有广阔的思路,能够为青少年创造更好的联系和归属机会。
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引用次数: 0
A Latent Class Analysis of Racial Terminology in Education Research: Patterns of Racial Classifications in AERA Journals 教育研究中种族术语的潜类分析:AERA 期刊中的种族分类模式
Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241227901
Samantha Viano, Dominique J. Baker, K. Ford, Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero
Education research commonly uses racial terminology but with little understanding of racial classification patterns across the field. In this study, we surface the use of racial terminology using a census of original research published in American Educational Research Association journals between 2009 and 2019. We do so as an ethical quantification exercise, seeking to further social justice goals by encouraging scholarship on racial terminology in education research. Using latent class analysis, we identify six classes of research ranging from about a third of articles that use almost no racial terminology to an eighth of articles that use terminology extensively. More recently published articles are more likely to be part of classes with extensive or narrow racial terminology usage and less likely to be in classes that are absent racial terminology. Qualitative research is more likely to use extensive racial terminology, and quantitative research is more likely to be absent of or narrowly use racial terminology. We conclude with recommendations for how future research can build off of these findings to address questions on how to authentically and purposefully use racial terminology in ways that reflect the complex ways people identify themselves to better situate education research to address racial inequality.
教育研究通常使用种族术语,但对整个领域的种族分类模式却知之甚少。在本研究中,我们通过对 2009 年至 2019 年期间发表在美国教育研究协会期刊上的原创研究进行普查,了解种族术语的使用情况。我们将此作为一项道德量化工作,通过鼓励在教育研究中使用种族术语的学术研究来促进社会公正目标的实现。通过潜类分析,我们确定了六类研究,从几乎不使用种族术语的约三分之一的文章到广泛使用术语的八分之一的文章。最近发表的文章更有可能属于广泛或较少使用种族术语的类别,而较少属于不使用种族术语的类别。定性研究更有可能使用广泛的种族术语,而定量研究则更有可能不使用或很少使用种族术语。最后,我们建议未来的研究如何在这些发现的基础上,解决如何真实地、有目的地使用种族术语,以反映人们自我认同的复杂方式,从而更好地将教育研究置于解决种族不平等问题的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching and Learning for Mutual Respect: A Framework for Disrupting Pervasive Power Asymmetries 为相互尊重而教与学:打破普遍存在的权力不对称的框架
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241227445
Whitney M. Hegseth
This article establishes a framework for teaching and learning for mutual respect. I define mutual respect as intervening on power asymmetries typically found in classrooms by way of according students increased equality, autonomy, and equity. In highlighting how equality, autonomy, and equity interact in ongoing and unpredictable ways in classrooms, this framework permits greater awareness of the many dilemmas with which educators are faced. Furthermore, by attending to the different ways mutual respect can be operationalized (i.e., instruction, organization, social relations), this framework can assist school leaders when determining how school-level decisions may interact with mutual respect in classrooms. This framework is thus a tool for researchers and educators when considering how to transform teaching and learning to promote social justice.
本文建立了一个相互尊重的教学框架。我将 "相互尊重 "定义为通过提高学生的平等性、自主性和公平性,对课堂上常见的权力不对称现象进行干预。通过强调平等、自主和公平是如何在课堂上以持续的、不可预测的方式相互作用的,这一框架使我们能够更好地认识到教育工作者所面临的诸多困境。此外,通过关注相互尊重的不同操作方式(即教学、组织、社会关系),本框架可以帮助学校领导者确定学校层面的决策如何与课堂中的相互尊重相互作用。因此,这个框架是研究人员和教育工作者在考虑如何改变教学以促进社会公正时的一个工具。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching and Learning for Mutual Respect: A Framework for Disrupting Pervasive Power Asymmetries 为相互尊重而教与学:打破普遍存在的权力不对称的框架
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241227445
Whitney M. Hegseth
This article establishes a framework for teaching and learning for mutual respect. I define mutual respect as intervening on power asymmetries typically found in classrooms by way of according students increased equality, autonomy, and equity. In highlighting how equality, autonomy, and equity interact in ongoing and unpredictable ways in classrooms, this framework permits greater awareness of the many dilemmas with which educators are faced. Furthermore, by attending to the different ways mutual respect can be operationalized (i.e., instruction, organization, social relations), this framework can assist school leaders when determining how school-level decisions may interact with mutual respect in classrooms. This framework is thus a tool for researchers and educators when considering how to transform teaching and learning to promote social justice.
本文建立了一个相互尊重的教学框架。我将 "相互尊重 "定义为通过提高学生的平等性、自主性和公平性,对课堂上常见的权力不对称现象进行干预。通过强调平等、自主和公平是如何在课堂上以持续的、不可预测的方式相互作用的,这一框架使我们能够更好地认识到教育工作者所面临的诸多困境。此外,通过关注相互尊重的不同操作方式(即教学、组织、社会关系),本框架可以帮助学校领导者确定学校层面的决策如何与课堂中的相互尊重相互作用。因此,这个框架是研究人员和教育工作者在考虑如何改变教学以促进社会公正时的一个工具。
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引用次数: 0
2022 Wallace Foundation Distinguished Lecture Education Reform, Past and Present: Asking Equity Questions and Looking for Hope 2022 华莱士基金会杰出讲座 教育改革,过去与现在:提出公平问题,寻找希望
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.3102/0013189x241228255
Amanda Datnow
Drawing on a set of studies conducted over 3 decades, this article provides a reflection on what has been learned by centering equity questions in research on educational reform. These studies reveal the need to explore educators’ belief systems, emotions, and agency in relation to reform. They also underscore the co-constructed nature of reform and the importance of attending to context and scale. Although prior research reveals the complex challenges educators, policymakers, and communities face in promoting educational change with social justice aims, it also provides lessons for a hopeful path forward. Pursuing an equity agenda in this pivotal moment requires deep thinking about how we conduct research on educational reform, prepare the next generation of scholars, and work across disciplinary and national boundaries.
本文以 30 多年来开展的一系列研究为基础,对教育改革研究中以公平问题为中心所取得的成果进行了反思。这些研究揭示了探讨教育工作者的信仰体系、情感和与改革相关的能动性的必要性。这些研究还强调了改革的共建性质以及关注背景和规模的重要性。尽管先前的研究揭示了教育工作者、政策制定者和社区在促进以社会公正为目标的教育改革时所面临的复杂挑战,但也为充满希望的前进道路提供了经验教训。在这一关键时刻推行公平议程,需要我们深入思考如何开展教育改革研究,如何培养下一代学者,以及如何跨越学科和国界开展工作。
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引用次数: 0
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