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Strong invariance and noise-comparison principles for some parabolic stochastic PDEs 一些抛物型随机偏微分方程的强不变性和噪声比较原理
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-04-28 DOI: 10.1214/15-AOP1009
Mathew Joseph, D. Khoshnevisan, C. Mueller
We consider a system of interacting diffusions on the integer lattice. By letting the mesh size go to zero and by using a suitable scaling, we show that the system converges (in a strong sense) to a solution of the stochastic heat equation on the real line. As a consequence, we obtain comparison inequalities for product moments of the stochastic heat equation with different nonlinearities.
我们考虑一个整数格上的相互作用扩散系统。通过让网格尺寸趋近于零并使用合适的缩放,我们表明系统(在强意义上)收敛于实线上随机热方程的解。得到了不同非线性随机热方程积矩的比较不等式。
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引用次数: 15
Recurrence and transience for the frog model on trees 树形青蛙模型的递归性和暂态性
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1214/16-AOP1125
C. Hoffman, Tobias Johnson, M. Junge
The frog model is a growing system of random walks where a particle is added whenever a new site is visited. A longstanding open question is how often the root is visited on the infinite dd-ary tree. We prove the model undergoes a phase transition, finding it recurrent for d=2d=2 and transient for d≥5d≥5. Simulations suggest strong recurrence for d=2d=2, weak recurrence for d=3d=3, and transience for d≥4d≥4. Additionally, we prove a 0–1 law for all dd-ary trees, and we exhibit a graph on which a 0–1 law does not hold. To prove recurrence when d=2d=2, we construct a recursive distributional equation for the number of visits to the root in a smaller process and show the unique solution must be infinity a.s. The proof of transience when d=5d=5 relies on computer calculations for the transition probabilities of a large Markov chain. We also include the proof for d≥6d≥6, which uses similar techniques but does not require computer assistance.
青蛙模型是一个随机游走的生长系统,每当一个新的地点被访问时,就会添加一个粒子。一个长期存在的开放性问题是,无限任意树的根被访问的频率是多少。我们证明了模型经历了一个相变,当d=2d=2时它是周期性的,当d≥5d≥5时它是瞬态的。模拟结果表明,d=2d=2时强递归,d=3d=3时弱递归,d≥4d≥4时瞬态。此外,我们证明了一个0-1定律适用于所有的任意树,并展示了一个0-1定律不成立的图。为了证明当d=2d=2时的递归性,我们构造了一个较小过程中对根的访问次数的递归分布方程,并证明了唯一解必须是无限的。当d=5d=5时的暂态性的证明依赖于计算机计算一个大马尔可夫链的转移概率。我们还包括d≥6d≥6的证明,它使用类似的技术,但不需要计算机辅助。
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引用次数: 61
Invariance principle for variable speed random walks on trees 树上变速随机行走的不变性原理
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-04-24 DOI: 10.1214/15-AOP1071
S. Athreya, Wolfgang Lohr, A. Winter
We consider stochastic processes on complete, locally compact tree-like metric spaces (T,r)(T,r) on their “natural scale” with boundedly finite speed measure νν. Given a triple (T,r,ν)(T,r,ν) such a speed-νν motion on (T,r)(T,r) can be characterized as the unique strong Markov process which if restricted to compact subtrees satisfies for all x,y∈Tx,y∈T and all positive, bounded measurable ff, Ex[∫τy0dsf(Xs)]=2∫Tν(dz)r(y,c(x,y,z))f(z)<∞, Ex[∫0τydsf(Xs)]=2∫Tν(dz)r(y,c(x,y,z))f(z)<∞, where c(x,y,z)c(x,y,z) denotes the branch point generated by x,y,zx,y,z. If (T,r)(T,r) is a discrete tree, XX is a continuous time nearest neighbor random walk which jumps from vv to v′∼vv′∼v at rate 12⋅(ν({v})⋅r(v,v′))−112⋅(ν({v})⋅r(v,v′))−1. If (T,r)(T,r) is path-connected, XX has continuous paths and equals the νν-Brownian motion which was recently constructed in [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365 (2013) 3115–3150]. In this paper, we show that speed-νnνn motions on (Tn,rn)(Tn,rn) converge weakly in path space to the speed-νν motion on (T,r)(T,r) provided that the underlying triples of metric measure spaces converge in the Gromov–Hausdorff-vague topology introduced in [Stochastic Process. Appl. 126 (2016) 2527–2553].
考虑具有有限速度测度νν的完全的、局部紧化的树状度量空间(T,r)(T,r)上的随机过程。给定一个三元组(T,r,ν)(T,r,ν),在(T,r)(T,r)上的速度ν运动可以表征为唯一的强马尔可夫过程,如果将其限制为紧子树,满足所有x,y∈Tx,y∈T和所有正有界可测ff, Ex[∫τy0dsf(Xs)]=2∫Tν(dz)r(y,c(x,y,z))f(z)<∞,Ex[∫0τydsf(Xs)]=2∫Tν(dz)r(y,c(x,y,z))f(z)<∞,其中c(x,y,z)c(x,y,z)表示由x,y,zx,y,z生成的分支点。如果(T,r)(T,r)是一个离散树,则XX是一个连续时间最近邻随机漫步,从vv跳到v ' ~ vv ' ~ v,速率为12⋅(ν({v})⋅r(v,v '))−112⋅(ν({v})⋅r(v,v '))−1。如果(T,r)(T,r)是路径连通的,则XX具有连续路径,并且等于最近在[Trans]中构造的ν-布朗运动。阿米尔。数学。社会科学学报,2013(3):315 - 3150。本文证明了(Tn,rn)(Tn,rn)上的速度νν n运动在路径空间中弱收敛于(T,r)(T,r)上的速度νν运动,前提是度量度量空间的基本三组收敛于[随机过程]中引入的Gromov-Hausdorff-vague拓扑。[j].中国科学:自然科学版,2016(5):557 - 557。
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引用次数: 40
Strong uniqueness for SDEs in Hilbert spaces with nonregular drift 具有不规则漂移的Hilbert空间中SDEs的强唯一性
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-04-22 DOI: 10.1214/15-AOP1016
G. Prato, Franco Flandoli, M. Röckner, A. Veretennikov
We prove pathwise uniqueness for a class of stochastic dierential equations (SDE) on a Hilbert space with cylindrical Wiener noise, whose non-linear drift parts are sums of the subdierential of a convex function and a bounded part. This generalizes a classical result by one of the authors to innite dimensions. Our results also generalize
我们证明了一类随机微分方程(SDE)在具有圆柱Wiener噪声的Hilbert空间上的路径唯一性,其非线性漂移部分是凸函数的次微分部分与有界部分的和。这将作者之一的经典结果推广到无限维。我们的结果也可以推广
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引用次数: 46
Smooth approximation of stochastic differential equations 随机微分方程的光滑逼近
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-03-28 DOI: 10.1214/14-AOP979
David Kelly, I. Melbourne
Consider an Ito process X satisfying the stochastic differential equation dX=a(X)dt+b(X)dW where a,b are smooth and W is a multidimensional Brownian motion. Suppose that Wn has smooth sample paths and that Wn converges weakly to W. A central question in stochastic analysis is to understand the limiting behavior of solutions Xn to the ordinary differential equation dXn=a(Xn)dt+b(Xn)dWn. The classical Wong–Zakai theorem gives sufficient conditions under which Xn converges weakly to X provided that the stochastic integral ∫b(X)dW is given the Stratonovich interpretation. The sufficient conditions are automatic in one dimension, but in higher dimensions the correct interpretation of ∫b(X)dW depends sensitively on how the smooth approximation Wnis chosen. In applications, a natural class of smooth approximations arise by setting Wn(t)=n−1/2∫nt0v∘ϕsds where ϕt is a flow (generated, e.g., by an ordinary differential equation) and v is a mean zero observable. Under mild conditions on ϕt, we give a definitive answer to the interpretation question for the stochastic integral ∫b(X)dW. Our theory applies to Anosov or Axiom A flows ϕt, as well as to a large class of nonuniformly hyperbolic flows (including the one defined by the well-known Lorenz equations) and our main results do not require any mixing assumptions on ϕt. The methods used in this paper are a combination of rough path theory and smooth ergodic theory.
考虑一个Ito过程X满足随机微分方程dX=a(X)dt+b(X)dW,其中a,b是光滑的,W是多维布朗运动。假设Wn具有光滑的样本路径,并且Wn弱收敛于w。随机分析中的一个中心问题是理解常微分方程dXn= A (Xn)dt+b(Xn)dWn的解Xn的极限行为。经典的Wong-Zakai定理给出了Xn弱收敛于X的充分条件,在此条件下,随机积分∫b(X)dW给出了Stratonovich解释。在一维中充分条件是自动的,但在高维中∫b(X)dW的正确解释敏感地取决于Wnis如何选择光滑近似。在应用中,通过设置Wn(t)=n−1/2∫nt0v°ϕsds,产生了一类自然的光滑近似,其中,ϕt是一个流(例如由常微分方程产生),v是一个可观测的平均零。在温和条件下,我们给出了随机积分∫b(X)dW的解释问题的确定答案。我们的理论适用于阿诺索夫流或公理A流,以及一大类非均匀双曲流(包括由著名的洛伦兹方程定义的流),我们的主要结果不需要任何混合假设。本文采用的方法是粗糙路径理论与光滑遍历理论的结合。
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引用次数: 90
cluster sets for partial sums and partial sum processes 部分和和过程的聚类集
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-03-27 DOI: 10.1214/12-AOP827
U. Einmahl, J. Kuelbs
Let $X,X_1,X_2,ldots$ be i.i.d. mean zero random vectors with values in a separable Banach space $B$, $S_n=X_1+cdots+X_n$ for $nge1$, and assume ${c_n:nge1}$ is a suitably regular sequence of constants. Furthermore, let $S_{(n)}(t),0le tle1$ be the corresponding linearly interpolated partial sum processes. We study the cluster sets $A=C({S_n/c_n})$ and $mathcal{A}=C({S_{(n)}(cdot)/c_n})$. In particular, $A$ and $mathcal{A}$ are shown to be nonrandom, and we derive criteria when elements in $B$ and continuous functions $f:[0,1]to B$ belong to $A$ and $mathcal{A}$, respectively. When $B=mathbb{R}^d$ we refine our clustering criteria to show both $A$ and $mathcal{A}$ are compact, symmetric, and star-like, and also obtain both upper and lower bound sets for $mathcal{A}$. When the coordinates of $X$ in $mathbb{R}^d$ are independent random variables, we are able to represent $mathcal {A}$ in terms of $A$ and the classical Strassen set $mathcal{K}$, and, except for degenerate cases, show $mathcal{A}$ is strictly larger than the lower bound set whenever $dge2$. In addition, we show that for any compact, symmetric, star-like subset $A$ of $mathbb{R}^d$, there exists an $X$ such that the corresponding functional cluster set $mathcal{A}$ is always the lower bound subset. If $d=2$, then additional refinements identify $mathcal{A}$ as a subset of ${(x_1g_1,x_2g_2):(x_1,x_2)in A,g_1,g_2inmathcal{K}}$, which is the functional cluster set obtained when the coordinates are assumed to be independent.
设$X,X_1,X_2,ldots$为i.i.d,表示零随机向量,其值在可分离的巴拿赫空间$B$中,$S_n=X_1+cdots+X_n$为$nge1$,并假设${c_n:nge1}$是一个适当的正则常数序列。更进一步,设$S_{(n)}(t),0le tle1$为相应的线性内插部分和过程。我们研究聚类集$A=C({S_n/c_n})$和$mathcal{A}=C({S_{(n)}(cdot)/c_n})$。特别地,$A$和$mathcal{A}$被证明是非随机的,并且当$B$和连续函数$f:[0,1]to B$中的元素分别属于$A$和$mathcal{A}$时,我们推导出准则。当使用$B=mathbb{R}^d$时,我们改进了聚类标准,以显示$A$和$mathcal{A}$都是紧凑的、对称的和星形的,并且还获得了$mathcal{A}$的上界和下界集。当$mathbb{R}^d$中$X$的坐标是独立随机变量时,我们可以用$A$和经典Strassen集合$mathcal{K}$来表示$mathcal {A}$,并且,除了退化的情况外,表明$mathcal{A}$在$dge2$时严格大于下界集合。此外,我们证明了对于$mathbb{R}^d$的任何紧致的、对称的星形子集$A$,存在一个$X$使得对应的功能簇集$mathcal{A}$总是下界子集。如果是$d=2$,那么额外的细化将$mathcal{A}$标识为${(x_1g_1,x_2g_2):(x_1,x_2)in A,g_1,g_2inmathcal{K}}$的子集,是假设坐标独立时获得的功能集群集。
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引用次数: 1
Systems of interacting diffusions with partial annihilation through membranes 通过膜的部分湮灭的相互作用扩散系统
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-03-24 DOI: 10.1214/15-AOP1047
Zhen-Qing Chen, W. Fan
We introduce an interacting particle system in which two families of reflected diffusions interact in a singular manner near a deterministic interface II. This system can be used to model the transport of positive and negative charges in a solar cell or the population dynamics of two segregated species under competition. A related interacting random walk model with discrete state spaces has recently been introduced and studied in Chen and Fan (2014). In this paper, we establish the functional law of large numbers for this new system, thereby extending the hydrodynamic limit in Chen and Fan (2014) to reflected diffusions in domains with mixed-type boundary conditions, which include absorption (harvest of electric charges). We employ a new and direct approach that avoids going through the delicate BBGKY hierarchy.
我们引入了一个相互作用的粒子系统,其中两族反射扩散在确定性界面II附近以奇异方式相互作用。该系统可用于模拟太阳能电池中正电荷和负电荷的传输或两个分离物种在竞争下的种群动态。Chen和Fan(2014)最近引入并研究了具有离散状态空间的相关相互作用随机漫步模型。在本文中,我们为这个新系统建立了大数泛函定律,从而将Chen和Fan(2014)的水动力极限扩展到混合型边界条件域中的反射扩散,其中包括吸收(电荷的收获)。我们采用了一种新的和直接的方法,避免了通过微妙的BBGKY层次结构。
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引用次数: 8
From random lines to metric spaces 从随机线到度量空间
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-03-05 DOI: 10.1214/14-AOP935
W. Kendall
Consider an improper Poisson line process, marked by positive speeds so as to satisfy a scale-invariance property (actually, scale-equivariance). The line process can be characterized by its intensity measure, which belongs to a one-parameter family if scale and Euclidean invariance are required. This paper investigates a proposal by Aldous, namely that the line process could be used to produce a scale-invariant random spatial network (SIRSN) by means of connecting up points using paths which follow segments from the line process at the stipulated speeds. It is shown that this does indeed produce a scale-invariant network, under suitable conditions on the parameter; in fact, it then produces a parameter-dependent random geodesic metric for dd-dimensional space (d≥2d≥2), where geodesics are given by minimum-time paths. Moreover, in the planar case, it is shown that the resulting geodesic metric space has an almost everywhere unique-geodesic property that geodesics are locally of finite mean length, and that if an independent Poisson point process is connected up by such geodesics then the resulting network places finite length in each compact region. It is an open question whether the result is a SIRSN (in Aldous’ sense; so placing finite mean length in each compact region), but it may be called a pre-SIRSN.
考虑一个不适当的泊松线过程,以正速度标记,以满足尺度不变性(实际上是尺度等变性)。如果要求尺度和欧几里得不变性,则可以用其强度度量来表征直线过程,该强度度量属于单参数族。本文研究了Aldous的一个建议,即通过使用从线过程中以规定的速度跟随段的路径将点连接起来,可以使用线过程产生尺度不变随机空间网络(SIRSN)。结果表明,在适当的参数条件下,这确实产生了一个尺度不变的网络;实际上,它随后为d维空间(d≥2d≥2)产生一个参数相关的随机测地线度量,其中测地线由最小时间路径给出。此外,在平面情况下,得到的测地线度量空间几乎处处具有唯一的测地线性质,即测地线局部平均长度有限,如果一个独立的泊松点过程由这样的测地线连接起来,则得到的网络在每个紧致区域上都有有限的长度。结果是否为SIRSN(在Aldous的意义上)是一个悬而未决的问题;(即在每个紧致区域中放置有限平均长度),但它可以称为预sirsn。
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引用次数: 11
Characterization of positively correlated squared Gaussian processes 正相关平方高斯过程的表征
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-02-25 DOI: 10.1214/12-AOP807
Nathalie Eisenbaum
We solve a conjecture raised by Evans in 1991 on the characterization of the positively correlated squared Gaussian vectors. We extend this characterization from squared Gaussian vectors to permanental vectors. As side results, we obtain several equivalent formulations of the property of infinite divisibility for squared Gaussian processes.
我们解决了埃文斯在1991年提出的关于正相关高斯向量平方的表征的一个猜想。我们将这个特性从高斯向量的平方扩展到永久向量。作为副结果,我们得到了高斯平方过程无穷可除性的几个等价表达式。
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引用次数: 14
Quenched asymptotics for Brownian motion in generalized Gaussian potential 广义高斯势下布朗运动的淬灭渐近性
IF 2.3 1区 数学 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2014-02-25 DOI: 10.1214/12-AOP830
Xia Chen
In this paper, we study the long-term asymptotics for the quenched moment [mathbb{E}_xexp biggl{int_0^tV(B_s),dsbiggr}] consisting of a $d$-dimensional Brownian motion ${B_s;sge 0}$ and a generalized Gaussian field $V$. The major progress made in this paper includes: Solution to an open problem posted by Carmona and Molchanov [Probab. Theory Related Fields 102 (1995) 433-453], the quenched laws for Brownian motions in Newtonian-type potentials and in the potentials driven by white noise or by fractional white noise.
本文研究了由$d$维布朗运动${B_s;sge 0}$和广义高斯场$V$组成的淬火力矩[mathbb{E}_xexp biggl{int_0^tV(B_s),dsbiggr}]的长期渐近性。本文取得的主要进展包括:对Carmona和Molchanov发表的一个开放问题的解法[Probab]。理论相关领域102(1995)433-453],在牛顿型势和由白噪声或分数白噪声驱动的势中布朗运动的淬灭定律。
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引用次数: 41
期刊
Annals of Probability
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