Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of Carrying Angle with Body Mass Index among Females of Hyderabad Pakistan","authors":"Pinky, Komal Kumari, Jaya Kumari, Maham Memon, Reeta, Iqra Shaikh, Sidra Hanif","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.852","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The carrying angle (CA) of the elbow is a critical biomechanical feature that varies between genders and with physical characteristics like Body Mass Index (BMI). Past studies have shown mixed results regarding the influence of BMI on CA, making it an area ripe for further investigation.\u0000Objective: To explore the correlation between BMI and the CA of the elbow among adult females in Hyderabad, Pakistan, and to assess how variations in BMI affect the elbow's CA.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 385 adult females from Hyderabad, Pakistan, selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Participants were required to be over 18 years of age and without any prior upper limb surgeries. The CA was measured using a manual goniometer while standing in the anatomical position. BMI was calculated using measured weight and height. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, with the Pearson correlation test determining the relationship between BMI and CA.\u0000Results: Among the participants, 71.9% exhibited a normal CA, 23.6% displayed a decreased CA, and 4.4% had an increased CA. The Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between BMI and CA (p-value = 0.006), indicating that higher BMI is associated with an increased CA.\u0000Conclusion: The study found a significant association between BMI and CA among females in Hyderabad, Pakistan. This suggests that BMI is a relevant factor in the biomechanical characteristics of the elbow, which may have implications for the clinical assessment of joint function and health.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Antibiotic Resistance Gene Expression in Acinetobacter baumannii Using Microarray Technology","authors":"Nadia Parveen, Misbah Meharban, Zoha Tahir, Mavara Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal Gohar","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.837","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in healthcare, particularly in nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Efflux pumps play a crucial role in mediating antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii, yet comprehensive evaluation of these pumps and acquired resistance determinants is lacking. Here, we present the development and validation of an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray for assessing gene expression of efflux pumps and detecting acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in A. baumannii.\u0000Objective: The primary objective of this study was to develop a robust microarray platform capable of simultaneously assessing the expression of efflux pump genes and detecting acquired resistance determinants in A. baumannii. Additionally, we aimed to validate the microarray's performance using mutants overexpressing or deficient in efflux pumps and single-step mutants obtained on various antibiotics.\u0000Methods: The DNA microarray consisted of probes targeting 78 genes, including 17 efflux systems, 15 resistance determinants, and 19 housekeeping genes. Comparative analysis of mutants, along with quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR validation, was conducted to confirm the microarray's accuracy in detecting efflux pump overexpression.\u0000Results: Validation experiments revealed overexpression of RND efflux pumps AdeABC and AdeIJK in mutants obtained on gentamicin, cefotaxime, or tetracycline, as well as identification of a novel efflux pump, AdeFGH, overexpressed in a mutant exposed to chloramphenicol. Clinical isolates showed overexpression of AdeABC and chromosomally encoded cephalosporinase, along with several acquired resistance genes, accounting for the multidrug-resistant phenotype.\u0000Conclusion: The developed microarray demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in detecting efflux pump expression and acquired resistance determinants in A. baumannii. Its potential utility in identifying antibiotic resistance and novel efflux systems highlights its importance in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Malnutrition on Survival and Treatment-Related Morbidity of Cancer in Children","authors":"Saira Uzma, Raheela Mansoor, Bakht Jamal, Luqman Khan","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.899","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent and severe issue in pediatric oncology, affecting treatment outcomes and survival rates significantly. In developing countries, where access to comprehensive healthcare is limited, malnutrition's impact is even more profound, complicating treatment protocols and increasing morbidity and mortality rates among children with cancer.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the effects of malnutrition on survival rates and treatment-related morbidity in pediatric cancer patients, and to assess the efficacy of nutritional interventions in improving these outcomes.\u0000Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at SKMCH & RC, involving 160 newly diagnosed cancer patients aged between one and eighteen years. Patients were followed from January 2021 through March 2023. Malnutrition was assessed using WHO growth charts and defined using BMI and weight/height Z-scores. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 25, focusing on survival rates, incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), and nutritional status changes over time. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.025.\u0000Results: At diagnosis, 42.5% (n=68) of the children were malnourished. After six months, 35% (n=56) remained malnourished, indicating some improvement. Malnourished children showed significantly lower survival rates, with those having a BMI Z-score ≤ -2 at six months post-diagnosis having a mortality rate HR of 4.05 (95% CI= 1.58-6.33, P = 0.009). Children experiencing a weight/height loss of >10% had an HR of 1.98 (95% CI= 1.23-6.91, P=0.04) for increased mortality. Increased episodes of FN were correlated with severe malnutrition (HR 7.32, 95% CI=1.98-10.14, P=0.0007).\u0000Conclusion: Malnutrition significantly impacts the survival rates and treatment-related morbidity in pediatric cancer patients. Early and aggressive nutritional interventions can improve survival outcomes and reduce the rate of hospitalizations due to complications like febrile neutropenia.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Levetiracetam for Prevention of Epileptic Seizures in Acute Phase of Intracerebral Bleeding","authors":"Sheherbano Jadoon, Imran Ahmed, Ibrar Saleem, Jalil Khan, Anusha Pervaiz, Pir Mubassar Shah, Shah Faisal","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.681","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epilepsy, characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to anomalous brain activity, is a significant complication for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The onset of epileptic convulsions during the acute phase of ICH can worsen the patient's prognosis and survival chances, making it crucial to identify a safe and effective method to prevent these seizures. Levetiracetam, a pyrrolidone derivative, is noted for its unique mechanism of action, exceptional tolerability, and advantageous pharmacokinetics, making it efficacious against various types of seizures.\u0000Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam in preventing epileptic seizures during the acute phase of ICH and to determine its impact on neurological outcomes in this patient population.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023 at Pak Emirates Military Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, involving 85 patients with spontaneous ICH confirmed by CT or MRI within 24 hours of symptom onset. Inclusion criteria included adult patients aged 18 or older, with various forms of ICH, excluding isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage, penetrating wound injury, depressed skull fracture, or early posttraumatic seizure. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 6, serum creatinine level >1.7 mg/dL, history of psychosis, unprovoked seizures, cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic brain injuries, or encephalitis within the previous three years were excluded. Patients were administered an initial loading dose of levetiracetam (1,000 to 1,500 mg), followed by a maintenance dose (500 to 1,500 mg every 12 hours) based on renal function. Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring was used to detect seizures for at least the first 72 hours of hospital admission. The primary outcome was the incidence of epileptic seizures during hospitalization, while the secondary outcome was the patient's neurological status at discharge, assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test, with a p-value of ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.\u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.89 years (SD=7.46), with 62.35% male and 37.65% female. The mean GCS score at admission was 10.52 (SD=2.13), and the mean volume of ICH was 17.5 ml (SD=3.4). At baseline, 2.35% of patients had GCS scores of 3-5, which improved to 0% after treatment. The percentage of patients with GCS scores of 13-15 increased from 65.88% to 83.52% (p=0.3730). Seizures within the first 7 days occurred in 10.58% of patients, and the overall seizure incidence during hospitalization was 20%. At discharge, 9.41% of patients had an mRS score of 0, and the percentage of patients with an mRS score of 2 increased significantly from 18.18% to 37.64% (p=0.4086*). The percentage of patients with severe disability (mRS score of","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature review on Curriculum Development","authors":"Fraz Noor, Pakeeza Aslam, Qurutulain Mushtaq, Sania Maqbool, Junaid Sarfraz","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.848","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Curriculum development in medical education is vital at all educational levels, from undergraduate to postgraduate and professional education focused on patient care. Understanding the systematic approach to curriculum development and evaluation is essential for maximizing the potential of medical education initiatives.\u0000Objective: The objective of this review was to explore and synthesize the existing literature on curriculum development in medical education, focusing on the processes and outcomes, and to provide recommendations for effective curriculum design and implementation.\u0000Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search terms included \"curriculum development,\" \"medical education,\" \"learning outcomes,\" \"educational strategies,\" \"assessment tools,\" \"curriculum implementation,\" and \"curriculum evaluation.\" Articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included based on relevance and methodological rigor. Data were synthesized using a narrative approach.\u0000Results: The review identified three types of curricula: explicit, implicit, and null. The explicit curriculum is structured and publicly available with clear learning objectives. The implicit curriculum is influenced by geographical, political, and socioeconomic contexts. The null curriculum refers to aspects not covered despite being planned. Key steps in curriculum development included needs assessment, content determination, goal and objective setting, selection of educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation. Educational strategies varied, including lecture-based learning, hands-on skill delivery, flipped classroom, and case-based learning. Continuous evaluation, both formative and summative, was essential for curriculum adaptation and improvement.\u0000Conclusion: A systematic approach to curriculum development in medical education ensures comprehensive and adaptive educational programs. This process addresses the diverse and evolving needs of learners and society, ultimately enhancing the quality of medical education. Effective curricula prepare healthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes for high-quality patient care and adaptability to changing healthcare environments.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications and Short-Term Outcomes of Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Developing Country","authors":"Basma Fatima, Muhammad Faisal Shafique, Masud Murad, Iqra Irfan, Adeel Mehmood, Sammer Hussain, Muhammad Farrukh Habib","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.363","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mechanical ventilation is an advanced intervention employed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to assist neonates who require external ventilation for adequate gas exchange, while minimizing associated complications. Understanding the indications and short-term outcomes of mechanical ventilation is crucial for improving neonatal care, especially in developing countries with limited resources.\u0000Objective: To examine the indications and short-term outcomes of conventional mechanical ventilation in a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in a developing country.\u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to February 2023 in the Department of Paediatrics at Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. The study included 227 pediatric patients admitted to the NICU for mechanical ventilation, selected via consecutive non-probability sampling. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. Data collected included neonatal and pregnancy parameters, primary indication for mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay. Patients were monitored for complications such as pneumothorax, sepsis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range, while qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Comparisons were made using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent samples t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate, with a p-value of ≤0.05 considered significant.\u0000Results: The study included 128 males (56.4%) and 99 females (43.6%). The mean gestational age at birth was 36.4 ± 1.5 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2994.1 ± 450.1 grams. Common indications for mechanical ventilation included pneumonia (26.4%), respiratory distress syndrome (24.7%), and sepsis (18.5%). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 7.1 ± 2.5 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 13.4 ± 6.0 days. Complications were observed in 29.5% of patients, with ventilator-associated pneumonia (18.1%) being the most common, followed by sepsis (9.7%) and pneumothorax (5.3%). The overall mortality rate was 18.5%. Significant associations were found between mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation (p<0.001), occurrence of complications (p<0.001), and requirement for re-intubation (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: The study highlights the significant association between prolonged mechanical ventilation, the development of complications, and increased mortality in neonates. Effective strategies to prevent and manage complications, as well as to limit the duration of mechanical ventilation, are essential to improve neonatal outcomes in resource-limited settings.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Septal Surgery with Nasal Packing Versus Quilting Sutures","authors":"Muhammad Umair Adeel, Muhammad Atif Imran Zaheer Shah, Imran Yaseen, Farhad Mustafa, Hassan Rasheed, Laiba Gul, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Farrukh Habib","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.420","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical procedure used to correct a deviated nasal septum, which can cause nasal obstruction and impact respiratory function. Postoperative management traditionally includes nasal packing to prevent complications such as bleeding and hematoma, although it can be associated with discomfort and other complications. Quilting sutures have been proposed as an alternative technique to reduce these issues.\u0000Objective: To compare the postoperative outcomes of nasal packing versus quilting sutures in patients undergoing septoplasty.\u0000Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the ENT unit of Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan, after obtaining ethical approval. The sample size comprised 384 patients, with 192 in the nasal packing group and 192 in the quilting sutures group. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 18 to 70 years undergoing elective nasal septoplasty. Exclusion criteria were patients with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, diabetes, coagulation disorders, septal flap tears, those unfit for surgery, and those undergoing combined septoplasty and turbinate intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to either nasal packing or quilting sutures groups. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and BMI, were documented. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 48 hours, 1 week, and 3 months, evaluating pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), bleeding, epiphora, dyspnea, hematoma, and adhesions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with quantitative data represented as mean ± standard deviation and qualitative data as percentages and frequencies. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant.\u0000Results: The mean age of participants was 34.37 ± 6.95 years. Gender distribution included 256 males (66.7%) and 128 females (33.3%). At 48 hours postoperatively, the nasal packing group had a higher mean pain score (5.96 ± 1.39) compared to the quilting sutures group (2.03 ± 1.05) (p < 0.001). Bleeding was more significant in the quilting sutures group (1.82 ± 0.60) than in the nasal packing group (1.27 ± 0.45) (p < 0.001). Epiphora and dyspnea were more common in the nasal packing group, with 48 patients (25%) and 81 patients (42.2%), respectively, compared to 8 patients (4.2%) and 6 patients (3.1%) in the quilting sutures group (p < 0.001). Hematoma occurrence was low and not significantly different between the groups. After 1 week, pain scores remained higher in the nasal packing group (1.45 ± 1.12) compared to the quilting sutures group (0.58 ± 0.79) (p < 0.001). At 3 months, pain scores were still higher in the nasal packing group (1.45 ± 1.12) compared to the quilting sutures group (0.58 ± 0.80) (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in adhesion formation.\u0000Conclusion: Quilting sutures resulted in lower postoperative pain and fewer complications comp","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Observe the Dynamic Balance Problem in Deaf Children`s Via Four Square Step Test","authors":"Falak Qayoum, Muhammad Hashim Pirzado, Mehak Shaikh, Muhammad Uman, Shaista Rauf, Abdul Qudoos Shaikh","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.859","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hearing loss is often associated with challenges in dynamic balance among children, impacting their daily activities and quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between varying degrees of hearing loss and dynamic balance capabilities among children, addressing a gap in current research on the physiological impacts of auditory impairments.\u0000Objective: To assess and compare the dynamic balance of children with different severities of hearing loss and to establish if there is a linear relationship between hearing loss severity and balance performance.\u0000Methods: A total of 302 children aged 4 to 15 years with varying degrees of hearing loss were recruited for this study. Participants were categorized into subgroups labeled as profound, severe, moderate, and minor hearing loss based on stop-watch tests. The Four Box Step Test was employed to measure each participant's dynamic balance. Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and differences among groups were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.\u0000Results: This study assessed the dynamic balance in children with varying degrees of hearing loss, analyzing data from 172 participants aged 4 to 15 years. The analysis revealed significant gender differences in dynamic balance, with males generally outperforming females. The age-based assessment demonstrated a negative linear trend, indicating that dynamic balance decreases as age increases, with significant variances across different age groups (F(2, 166) = 3.91, p = 0.022). Two-way ANOVA confirmed no significant interaction between gender and age on dynamic balance (F(2, 166) = 2.82, p = 0.062), highlighting that while age significantly affects balance, gender alone does not show a substantial impact.\u0000Conclusion: Dynamic balance decreases as the severity of hearing loss increases, with males generally outperforming females. This study underscores the importance of incorporating balance training in rehabilitation programs for children with hearing loss to enhance their motor performance and safety.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Admission Temperature and Outcome among Neonates with Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Basma Fatima, Muhammad Faisal Shafique, Masud Murad, Iqra Irfan, Adeel Mehmood, Tariq Nadeem, Muhammad Farrukh Habib","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.364","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in the neonatal period, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Temperature at admission may provide valuable prognostic information for managing critically ill neonates.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between admission temperature and outcomes in neonates with sepsis, including mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and the requirement for intensive interventions.\u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to February 2023 in the Department of Paediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. A total of 170 neonates diagnosed with sepsis were enrolled using non-probability, consecutive sampling. Informed, written consent was obtained from parents or guardians. Temperature was recorded at admission using a mercury thermometer in the axilla. Hypothermia was defined as a body temperature <36.5°C, hyperthermia as >37.5°C, and normothermia as 36.5-37.5°C. Blood and urine samples were collected for culture. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range, and qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages. Comparisons were made using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and independent samples t-test, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.\u0000Results: Of the 170 neonates, 94 (55.3%) were male and 76 (44.7%) were female. Hypothermia was present in 50 (29.4%) neonates, normothermia in 35 (20.6%), and hyperthermia in 85 (50.0%). Blood culture positivity was highest in hyperthermic neonates (61.2%), followed by hypothermic (36.0%) and normothermic (17.1%) neonates (p < 0.001). The mean length of hospital stay was 13.1 ± 4.1 days for hyperthermic neonates, 9.1 ± 2.3 days for hypothermic, and 6.3 ± 2.9 days for normothermic neonates (p < 0.001). Mortality rates were 31.8% for hyperthermic neonates, 14.0% for hypothermic, and 5.7% for normothermic (p = 0.002).\u0000Conclusion: Admission temperature in neonates with sepsis is significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Hyperthermic neonates have higher mortality rates, increased blood culture positivity, and longer hospital stays compared to normothermic and hypothermic neonates. Measuring body temperature at admission can aid in risk stratification and management decisions.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role Of Cities in NCD Prevention and Management: A Qualitative Research Study among Doctors","authors":"Humaira Mahmood, Sundas Gul, Ayesha Khan, Javeria Asif, Sadia Bibi, Farrah Pervaiz, Awais Afzal, Muhammad Farrukh Habib","doi":"10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.425","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are major global health concerns, surpassing the mortality rates of communicable diseases. These conditions pose significant challenges to global development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where two-thirds of NCD-related deaths occur. In Pakistan, NCDs account for nearly 25% of all fatalities. The prevention of NCDs requires continuous lifestyle modifications, and evidence suggests that the physical environment and urban design play crucial roles in influencing health behaviors and outcomes.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to assess doctors' perspectives on the role of cities in the prevention and management of NCDs in Pakistan, and to identify barriers and enablers to the development of healthy city policies.\u0000Methods: This descriptive exploratory study employed a qualitative approach, conducted at various private hospitals in the Twin Cities. A purposive sample of approximately 20 doctors from medical units and outpatient departments participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide, and the FGDs were audio-recorded with participants' consent. Thematic analysis was performed to identify major themes and subthemes related to the role of urban environments in NCD prevention and management.\u0000Results: Participants recognized the importance of physical activity, healthy environments, and lifestyle modifications in preventing NCDs. Key barriers to physical activity included socio-cultural norms, environmental limitations, and political/legislative challenges. Facilitators included individual willpower, health-seeking behavior, supportive policies, and perceived benefits. Poor air quality and the lack of green spaces were significant contributors to the increased prevalence of NCDs. Participants emphasized the need for government intervention to improve urban infrastructure, promote physical activity, and enhance public health initiatives.\u0000Conclusion: Well-planned cities can significantly reduce the burden of NCDs by addressing modifiable risk factors. Governments must prioritize the development of infrastructure that promotes physical activity, improves air quality, and increases access to green spaces. Comprehensive multisectoral strategies are essential to combat the rising threat of NCDs, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas.","PeriodicalId":507812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}