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Myxosporeans of greening fish of the Far Eastern seas 远东海域绿化鱼类的粘孢子虫
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-96-102
Nadezhda Aseeva, Andrey Smirnov
The infection of three species of greenlings of the genus Hexagrammos, and two species of single-finned greenlings of the genus Pleurogrammus, was examined by myxosporeans. In the myxosporeans fauna of greening fish, 6 species of myxosporeans were found: Sphaeromyxa hexagrammi, Zschokkella russelli, Ceratomyxa azonusi, Alataspora bialata, Kudoa azoni, Kudoa sp. At the same, three species (S. hexagrammi, C. azonusi, K. azoni) are specific only to greenling fish. Two species (Z. russelli, A. bialata) are broadly specific, Kudoa sp. not determined to species It was established that in the common greenlings the infection with myxosporeans was low, and the composition of the fauna was poor. The one-finned greenlings, in contrast to the common-finned greenlings, were more infected and had more myxosporeans species in their fauna. But both greenlings are dominated by the gallbladder species Sphaeromyxa hexagrammi, and muscle parasites of the genus Kudoa (K. azoni, K sp.), but the nature of infestation and distribution across the study areas are very different. First of all, with the biology of these greenlings. A smaller degree of differences in the common greenlings in the expansion of invasion by various species of myxosporeans less ecological plasticity of these species, compared to the single-finned greenlings.
研究人员通过肌孢子虫检测了三种六带鳞青鱼和两种单鳍青鱼的肌孢子虫感染情况。 在青鱼的肌孢子虫动物群中,发现了 6 种肌孢子虫:同时,有三个物种(S. hexagrammi、C. azonusi、K. azoni)仅为青鱼所特有。两个物种(Z. russelli、A. bialata)具有广泛的特异性,Kudoa sp.未确定物种。与普通鳍青鱼相比,一鳍青鱼的感染率更高,其动物群中有更多的肌孢子虫种类。但这两种青鱼都以胆囊种 Sphaeromyxa hexagrammi 和肌肉寄生虫 Kudoa 属(K. azoni,K sp.)为主,但其侵染性质和在研究区域内的分布却大不相同。首先是这些青虫的生物学特性。与单鳍青鱼相比,普通青鱼在扩大受各种肌孢子虫入侵的程度上差异较小,这些物种的生态可塑性较小。
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引用次数: 0
Current state of the forage base of section of the Dnieper river within the Smolensk region 斯摩棱斯克州境内第聂伯河河段饲料基地的现状
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-114-121
Alexey Nikitenko, Dmitry Tyulin, Dmitry Goryachev, Andrey Smirnov, Svetlana Uskova, Galina Hristenko, Sergey Eremkin, V. Zharikova, Andrey Nickolaevich Stroganov
The paper presents materials on the state of aquatic bioresources and their habitat in the Dnieper River within the borders of the Smolensk region, according to 2019 data. The ichthyofauna of the Dnieper River within the surveyed area did not differ in species diversity: 10 species of fish belonging to the families Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae) and perch (Percidae) were identified. Roach (Rutilus rutilus) dominated, the subdominants were chub (Squalius cephalus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis). The average oligochaete index, ranging from 21 to 50%, characterizes the waters of the river as slightly polluted and belonging to class II quality. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms and green algae. As part of zooplankton, representatives of the genus Brachionus dominated among rotifers, and crustaceans of the genus Bosmina dominated among branchiformes. The composition of zoobenthos was dominated by larvae of chironomids, subdominants – oligochaetes. The Dnieper River within the borders of the Smolensk region, according to our data, is characterized by the level of development of phytoplankton and zooplankton as a "low-feeding" area for phytophagous fish and zooplanktophages, and by the level of development of zoobenthos as a "high-feeding" area. The ichthyofauna of the studied area is characterized by the presence of predatory and omnivorous fish, the presence of phytophages and zooplanktophages is not characteristic, which may be due to the peculiarities of the state of the natural food supply.
本文根据2019年的数据,介绍了斯摩棱斯克州境内第聂伯河的水生生物资源状况及其栖息地。调查区域内第聂伯河的鱼类动物在物种多样性方面没有差异:确定了属于鲤科(Cyprinidae)和鲈科(Percidae)的10种鱼类。鱼类以鳊鱼(Rutilus rutilus)为主,其次是鲢鱼(Squalius cephalus)和鲈鱼(Perca fluviatilis)。寡毛纲动物的平均指数在 21%至 50%之间,说明该河流水质受到轻微污染,属于二级水质。浮游植物以硅藻和绿藻为主。在浮游动物中,轮虫以 Brachionus 属的代表为主,甲壳类以 Bosmina 属的枝形目为主。底栖动物主要是摇蚊幼虫,次主要是寡毛类。根据我们的数据,斯摩棱斯克州境内第聂伯河的特点是浮游植物和浮游动物的发展水平为植食性鱼类和浮游动物的 "低食 "区,而底栖动物的发展水平为 "高食 "区。研究区域的鱼类区系特点是存在肉食性鱼类和杂食性鱼类,而噬菌体和浮游动物的存在则不具特点,这可能是由于自然食物供应状况的特殊性造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Prerequisites for the selection of two-year-old rainbow, trout females by the timing and multiplicity of maturation, when grown in a closed water supply installation 在封闭式供水装置中生长时,根据成熟时间和成熟倍数选择两岁虹鳟雌鱼的先决条件
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-130-135
A. Zinchenko, N. Shindavina, Vladislav Yezhkov
The article presents the results of the evaluation of two-years-old female rainbow trout, matured at the beginning, middle and the end of spawning season, by body weight, reproductive characteristics, embryo survival and the frequency of occurrence of fish with bicycle maturation. Significant differences in the mass of eggs were revealed depending on the timing of ovulation. The survival rate of embryos did not depend on the weight of eggs and had high rates in fish that matured in the middle and end of spawning. The frequency of occurrence of bicyclic females among groups of two-year-olds who matured at different times had great differences. The data obtained are important when conducting breeding in order to shift the spawning season and create new layering and trout breeds when breeding in RAS.
文章介绍了对产卵季节初期、中期和末期成熟的两岁雌性虹鳟的体重、生殖特征、胚胎存活率和单车成熟鱼出现频率的评估结果。排卵时间不同,鱼卵质量也有显著差异。 胚胎存活率与鱼卵重量无关,产卵中期和末期成熟的鱼胚胎存活率高。在不同时间成熟的两龄鱼群中,双环雌鱼出现的频率有很大差异。所获得的数据在进行繁殖时非常重要,以便在 RAS 繁殖时改变产卵季节并创造新的分层和鳟鱼品种。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary results of observations of microplastics during ice formation in the Kara Sea 喀拉海冰形成过程中微塑料观测的初步结果
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-23-27
A. Pedchenko
In early November 2023, the 92nd scientific survey of the R/V "Academician Mstislav Keldysh" to the Kara Sea was completed. The main areas of work of the expedition of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 92nd scientific voyage (head of the expedition, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhail Flint) are climatic trends and accumulated environmental risks in Arctic ecosystems [1]. One of the objectives of the multidisciplinary research of the expedition was to collect samples of microplastics by the Manta neuston network 335 mkm to assess its quantity and distribution pattern in the surface during ice formation in the Kara Sea. The scientific work carried out by VNIRO scientists within the framework of the Agreement of Intent on Cooperation in Research Activities between VNIRO and IO RAS dated 07.08.2018 and the Program of Joint Scientific Research of Rosrybolovstvo and the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2021 and Subsequent years dated March 3, 2021, allowed updating data on the distribution of microplastics, fibers and other anthropogenic pollutants in various areas of the sea, including its bays, gulfs and the waters at the edge of the ice. Observations in October 2023 did not reveal localization and abnormal concentrations of microplastics within the boundaries of the surveyed water area.
2023 年 11 月初,"姆斯蒂斯拉夫-凯尔迪什院士 "号考察船完成了对喀拉海的第 92 次科学考察。俄罗斯科学院海洋学研究所考察队在第 92 次科学考察中的主要工作领域(考察队队长,俄罗斯科学院院士米哈伊尔-弗林特)是北极生态系统的气候趋势和累积的环境风险[1]。此次考察的多学科研究目标之一是通过 335 mkm 的 Manta neuston 网络收集微塑料样本,以评估其数量和在喀拉海结冰期间在海面的分布模式。VNIRO 科学家在 2018 年 8 月 7 日《VNIRO 与 IO RAS 研究活动合作意向协议》和 2021 年 3 月 3 日《Rosrybolovstvo 与俄罗斯科学院 2021 年及以后联合科学研究计划》框架内开展的科学工作,更新了微塑料、纤维和其他 人为污染物在海湾、海湾和冰缘水域等不同海域的分布数据。2023 年 10 月的观测没有发现微塑料在调查水域范围内的定位和异常浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Blue king crab Paralithodes platypus is a popular object of crab fishing in the north–western part of the Sea of Okhotsk (in the North Okhotsk subzone) 蓝色帝王蟹(Paralithodes platypus)是鄂霍次克海西北部(北鄂霍次克亚区)最受欢迎的捕蟹对象。
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-85-89
Sergey Klinushkin, E. Metelyov, Andrey Smirnov, Alexander Kharitonov
The history of the study and fishing, the main biological indicators of the blue king crab Paralithodes platypus, living in the north-western part of the Sea of Okhotsk, are considered. Based on the materials collected in 2003-2022, the course of fishing and catching of this crab is analyzed. It is shown that the prospects of industrial development of this valuable object in the coming years do not cause concerns.
研究考虑了生活在鄂霍次克海西北部的蓝帝王蟹(Paralithodes platypus)的研究和捕捞历史、主要生物指标。根据 2003-2022 年收集的材料,分析了这种蟹的捕捞和捕获过程。结果表明,未来几年这一珍贵物种的工业发展前景并不令人担忧。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological and epigenetic effects on artificially bred Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus 对人工繁殖的太平洋鲑鱼的生态学和表观遗传学影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-28-41
V. Vorobyov
The fundamental reasons for the decline in the number of natural salmon herds in the countries of the northern Pacific basin and in the southern waters of the Russian Far East are given. It is shown how the scientifically unjustified creation of a system of salmon hatcheries caused the formation of negative ecosystem, social and economic consequences from large-scale artificial cultivation of all types of Pacific salmon. The colossal influence of ecological and epigenetic influence on the transformation of ontogenesis, reduction of vitality and reproduction of healthy offspring, loss of navigation-innate instinct (homing) in artificially raised Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus is considered.
本文阐述了太平洋盆地北部国家和俄罗斯远东地区南部水域天然鲑鱼群数量减少的根本原因。说明了科学上不合理的鲑鱼孵化系统的建立是如何造成大规模人工养殖各种太平洋鲑鱼对生态系统、社会和经济产生负面影响的。研究考虑了生态学和表观遗传学对人工养殖的太平洋鲑属鱼类本体发育的转变、健康后代生命力和繁殖能力的降低、导航-归巢本能(归家)的丧失所产生的巨大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of approaches in the development of microbiological feed for mariculture 优化海产养殖微生物饲料的开发方法
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-122-126
Inga Matrosova, E. Panchishina, Anastasiya Politaeva, N. Kornienko
The paper presents the results of selecting methods for establishing the growth rate, generation time and doubling of the biomass of yeast cells Rhodotorula spp., which are part of probiotic feed preparations for aquaculture objects. The identified atypical period of the lag phase was observed on both studied nutrient media (Lundin, YEPD), where instead of an increase in the biomass of the culture, some of the introduced cells died. The results obtained provide the basis for further study and search for new highly productive strains of Rhodotorula spp., selection of technological regimes for obtaining feed preparations based on them, modification and optimization of the composition of the culture medium to increase the growth of yeast biomass.
本文介绍了确定水产养殖对象益生菌饲料制剂中酵母细胞 Rhodotorula spp.的生长率、生成时间和生物量加倍的方法选择结果。在所研究的两种营养培养基(Lundin、YEPD)上都观察到了已确定的非典型滞后期,在滞后期,培养物的生物量非但没有增加,一些引入的细胞反而死亡。所获得的结果为进一步研究和寻找新的高产酵母菌株、选择以其为基础的饲料制剂的技术方案、修改和优化培养基成分以提高酵母生物量的增长提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of Pacific squid fishing (Todarodes pacificus)using light sources 利用光源改进太平洋鱿鱼的捕捞
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-150-156
B. Barinov, Evgenyi Osipov, N. Ivanko, Alexander Gribov, A. Komkov
The paper identifies the factors that did not allow the effective domestic fishing of Pacific squid to be practically realized, a con-cept has been developed that allows solving the tasks of this fishery, taking into account the advance of the level of development of modern fishing. The concept of improving the squid's thinking was developed based on the work of the authors of the models and a new approach to the design of LED lamps with a choice of diodes (495 nm wavelength) was proposed, allowing to main-tain the efficiency of extraction on conventional vessels, as on specialized squid fishing vessels, as well as to regulate the depth of light penetration while preserving the squid attraction zone.
本文确定了无法实际有效实现国内捕捞太平洋鱿鱼的因素,并结合现代渔业发展水平的进步,提出了能够解决该渔业任务的概念。在模型作者工作的基础上,提出了改进鱿鱼思维的概念,并提出了设计 LED 灯的新方法,可选择二极管(495 nm 波长),从而保持传统渔船和专业鱿鱼渔船的提取效率,并在保留鱿鱼吸引区的同时调节光的穿透深度。
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引用次数: 0
NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ORGANIZATION: CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE SPECIFICS OF FISHERY REGULATION 西北大西洋渔业组织:当前和未来渔业管理的具体情况
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-4-11
Konstantin Fomin, Vladimir Belyaev
This article describes the area where fisheries are regulated by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO), as well as the regulatory measures for it, both currently in use and recommended for application. Possible regulatory setbacks for Russian fisheries presented by both actual and developing fishing rules are analyzed.
本文介绍了西北大西洋渔业组织(NAFO)的渔业监管区域,以及目前使用和建议使用的监管措施。文章分析了实际和正在制定的捕鱼规则可能给俄罗斯渔业带来的监管倒退。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the impact of temperature changes on aquatic biological resources and the quality of their habitat on the example of the Black Sea 以黑海为例,分析温度变化对水生生物资源及其栖息地质量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-6-53-57
Andrey Tsarev, Elena Popova, Oksana Erina
The article provides a brief overview of the work devoted to the analysis of the current water quality standard for temperature. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the system of water quality regulation of water bodies both in Russia and abroad, an analysis of the regulatory legal framework governing the issue of establishing requirements for water quality standards. The analysis of stock data and literature sources on the study of the influence of temperature on the state of aquatic organisms, including ichthyofauna, is carried out. It was found that when approving the current temperature standard, no studies were conducted on marine ecosystems, and the peculiarities of the temperature regime of the southern seas were not taken into account. In order to develop reasonable proposals on the need to adjust the temperature standard, a program of integrated marine research in the Black Sea has been developed.
文章简要概述了对现行温度水质标准的分析工作。文章对俄罗斯和国外水体水质监管体系的形成和发展进行了回顾性分析,分析了有关制定水质标准要求问题的监管法律框架。对研究温度对水生生物(包括鱼类)状态影响的存量数据和文献资料进行了分析。结果发现,在批准现行温度标准时,没有对海洋生态系统进行研究,也没有考虑到南部海域温度制度的特殊性。为了就调整温度标准的必要性提出合理建议,制定了黑海海洋综合研究计划。
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引用次数: 0
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Fisheries
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