Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10155
Israel Moreno-Lara, Jorge Luis Becerra-López, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista
Abstract For species that have a fossorial habit or that spend most of their time under leaf litter, correlative models may not be sufficient to model their potential risk in the face of climate change; this is the case for the species examined here. In the present study, we compared three different models (maximum entropy correlative models, mechanistic models based on species thermal tolerance, and habitat cover) applied to three lizards of the genus Scincella ( S. gemmingeri , S. lateralis and S. silvicola ). Models were proposed for current climate scenario, and for 2050 at three SSPs greenhouse gas concentrations, assessing sites with suitable climate and habitat cover, optimum temperature for species survival, and to selecting the best predictive model. Current and future correlative models indicate areas with little climatic suitability within the thermal range that these lizards can tolerate; however, it was possible to corroborate the presence of populations of S. gemmingeri and S. silvicola in areas that do not have climatic suitability, but do have habitat coverage. These results support the hypothesis that the habitat and microhabitat structures protect these species against possible adverse climatic conditions. It may be that it is also necessary to measure physiological variables (to obtain the thermal range of each species), as well to include both habitat type and habitat structure in spatial analysis.
{"title":"Effect of climate change on fossorial species: a case study comparing species of the genus Scincella","authors":"Israel Moreno-Lara, Jorge Luis Becerra-López, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For species that have a fossorial habit or that spend most of their time under leaf litter, correlative models may not be sufficient to model their potential risk in the face of climate change; this is the case for the species examined here. In the present study, we compared three different models (maximum entropy correlative models, mechanistic models based on species thermal tolerance, and habitat cover) applied to three lizards of the genus Scincella ( S. gemmingeri , S. lateralis and S. silvicola ). Models were proposed for current climate scenario, and for 2050 at three SSPs greenhouse gas concentrations, assessing sites with suitable climate and habitat cover, optimum temperature for species survival, and to selecting the best predictive model. Current and future correlative models indicate areas with little climatic suitability within the thermal range that these lizards can tolerate; however, it was possible to corroborate the presence of populations of S. gemmingeri and S. silvicola in areas that do not have climatic suitability, but do have habitat coverage. These results support the hypothesis that the habitat and microhabitat structures protect these species against possible adverse climatic conditions. It may be that it is also necessary to measure physiological variables (to obtain the thermal range of each species), as well to include both habitat type and habitat structure in spatial analysis.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10156
Christopher L. Cannon, Jon M. Davenport
Abstract Organisms can exhibit plasticity in phenotypic responses to environmental stimuli but the response can vary based on the evolutionary history of a population. Numerous studies have found that prey will express adaptive responses when subjected to various predators in experimental settings. For species with a large distribution, such as Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander), it is not surprising that phenotypic variance can be high across their range. This variance has been hypothesized to be because of different predator regimes of populations. While A. maculatum preferentially oviposit eggs in low-risk ponds (temporary fishless) to decrease egg and larval mortality, Missouri populations still use high-risk ponds (permanent with fish) for reproduction. Using a series of experiments, we investigated how A. maculatum population risk influenced adaptive responses to both native and novel predator kairomones. For natural predators, we used larval A. opacum (marbled salamanders) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) and for novel predators we used Siren intermedia (lesser siren). We found that larval salamanders generally responded with no differences in morphological traits to all three predators. However, head width was larger for low-risk populations. One hypothesized benefit of larger heads (increased foraging efficiency) was not fully supported. All larval salamanders also increased refuge use with predators but this decreased over time. Our results suggest that predation risk of a population may influence the degree of phenotypic expression in response to larval predators. Overall, local adaptation may dictate the ability of prey to respond to environmental conditions within a life stage.
{"title":"Local scale population risk determines the adaptive responses of larval salamanders to predator kairomones","authors":"Christopher L. Cannon, Jon M. Davenport","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Organisms can exhibit plasticity in phenotypic responses to environmental stimuli but the response can vary based on the evolutionary history of a population. Numerous studies have found that prey will express adaptive responses when subjected to various predators in experimental settings. For species with a large distribution, such as Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander), it is not surprising that phenotypic variance can be high across their range. This variance has been hypothesized to be because of different predator regimes of populations. While A. maculatum preferentially oviposit eggs in low-risk ponds (temporary fishless) to decrease egg and larval mortality, Missouri populations still use high-risk ponds (permanent with fish) for reproduction. Using a series of experiments, we investigated how A. maculatum population risk influenced adaptive responses to both native and novel predator kairomones. For natural predators, we used larval A. opacum (marbled salamanders) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) and for novel predators we used Siren intermedia (lesser siren). We found that larval salamanders generally responded with no differences in morphological traits to all three predators. However, head width was larger for low-risk populations. One hypothesized benefit of larger heads (increased foraging efficiency) was not fully supported. All larval salamanders also increased refuge use with predators but this decreased over time. Our results suggest that predation risk of a population may influence the degree of phenotypic expression in response to larval predators. Overall, local adaptation may dictate the ability of prey to respond to environmental conditions within a life stage.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10154
Adrián Guerrero-Gómez, Mar Torralva, Francisco José Oliva-Paterna, José Manuel Zamora-Marín
Abstract Comprehensive knowledge on demographic parameters and early life history traits is essential for an effective amphibian management and conservation. Here, we assessed tadpole survival of Alytes dickhilleni in two contrasting small waterbodies (natural pool vs man-made drinking trough). For the first time in the genus Alytes , tadpole survival was quantified at ontogenetic and cohort level. Overall, low survival values were reported for both study sites, being values in the natural pool (0.16) twice than in the man-made drinking trough (0.07). Ontogenetic and cohort variation was congruent between both study sites, with survival rates decreasing in intermediate developmental stages, and highest values being observed in overwintering as compared to summer tadpoles. Owing to the ongoing decline in Alytes populations, these results can be particularly useful for informing future conservation schemes based on tadpole translocation or reintroduction from wild populations.
{"title":"Ontogenetic and cohort estimates of tadpole survival for the threatened Betic midwife toad (Alytes dickhilleni) in two contrasting small waterbodies","authors":"Adrián Guerrero-Gómez, Mar Torralva, Francisco José Oliva-Paterna, José Manuel Zamora-Marín","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comprehensive knowledge on demographic parameters and early life history traits is essential for an effective amphibian management and conservation. Here, we assessed tadpole survival of Alytes dickhilleni in two contrasting small waterbodies (natural pool vs man-made drinking trough). For the first time in the genus Alytes , tadpole survival was quantified at ontogenetic and cohort level. Overall, low survival values were reported for both study sites, being values in the natural pool (0.16) twice than in the man-made drinking trough (0.07). Ontogenetic and cohort variation was congruent between both study sites, with survival rates decreasing in intermediate developmental stages, and highest values being observed in overwintering as compared to summer tadpoles. Owing to the ongoing decline in Alytes populations, these results can be particularly useful for informing future conservation schemes based on tadpole translocation or reintroduction from wild populations.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid zones are geographic areas where individuals from distinct taxa meet, mate, and hybridize. These zones may have complex histories, but many of them originated relatively recently, during climatic oscillations in the Quaternary, following range shifts of formerly isolated, well-differentiated lineages. The Bufo bufo species group comprises four species distributed over the Western Palearctic. Whereas the contact zone between Bufo bufo and B. spinosus in western Europe has been well characterized, little is known about other species contacts. Here we focused on the contact between B. verrucosissimus and B. bufo in northeastern Türkiye, using mtDNA and microsatellite markers to describe genetic structure and patterns of admixture in the hybrid zone based on Bayesian clustering and cline analyses. Both species meet in a narrow contact zone at Rize province, with restricted introgression suggesting barriers to hybridization consistent with species status. Spatial population genetic analyses of microsatellite data pinpoint a possible enclave population of B. bufo at the Borçka district in Artvin province, isolated within the B. verrucosissimus range. The centers of the microsatellite and mtDNA-based clines are slightly displaced, with B. verrucosissimus mtDNA introgressing about 33 km W of the nuclear contact. Hybrid zone dynamics seem to be associated with range shifts mediated by Pleistocene glacial cycles and/or sex-biased dispersal.
杂交带是来自不同分类群的个体相遇、交配和杂交的地理区域。这些地区可能有复杂的历史，但它们中的许多都是在第四纪的气候振荡期间相对较近地形成的，随着以前孤立的、分化良好的谱系的范围转移。的以以种群包括四个物种分布在西方古北区的。在西欧，人们对Bufo Bufo与B. spinosus的接触区已经有了很好的描述，但对其他物种的接触却知之甚少。本研究利用mtDNA和微卫星标记，基于贝叶斯聚类分析和梯度分析，对杂交带的遗传结构和杂交模式进行了描述。这两个物种在Rize省的一个狭窄的接触区相遇，有限的渐渗表明杂交障碍与物种状况一致。微卫星数据的空间种群遗传分析确定了在阿尔特文省borka地区可能存在的bufo飞地种群，该种群被隔离在B. verrucosissimus范围内。微卫星和以mtDNA为基础的线的中心有轻微的偏移，疣状芽孢杆菌的mtDNA向核接触处约33 km W的地方渗入。混合带动力学似乎与更新世冰期旋回和/或性别偏倚扩散介导的范围移动有关。
{"title":"Genetic data to describe the hybrid zone between Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in northeastern Türkiye","authors":"Cantekin Dursun, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Nurhayat Özdemir, Serkan Gül, Iñigo Martínez-Solano","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10152","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid zones are geographic areas where individuals from distinct taxa meet, mate, and hybridize. These zones may have complex histories, but many of them originated relatively recently, during climatic oscillations in the Quaternary, following range shifts of formerly isolated, well-differentiated lineages. The Bufo bufo species group comprises four species distributed over the Western Palearctic. Whereas the contact zone between Bufo bufo and B. spinosus in western Europe has been well characterized, little is known about other species contacts. Here we focused on the contact between B. verrucosissimus and B. bufo in northeastern Türkiye, using mtDNA and microsatellite markers to describe genetic structure and patterns of admixture in the hybrid zone based on Bayesian clustering and cline analyses. Both species meet in a narrow contact zone at Rize province, with restricted introgression suggesting barriers to hybridization consistent with species status. Spatial population genetic analyses of microsatellite data pinpoint a possible enclave population of B. bufo at the Borçka district in Artvin province, isolated within the B. verrucosissimus range. The centers of the microsatellite and mtDNA-based clines are slightly displaced, with B. verrucosissimus mtDNA introgressing about 33 km W of the nuclear contact. Hybrid zone dynamics seem to be associated with range shifts mediated by Pleistocene glacial cycles and/or sex-biased dispersal.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136015700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10153
Samuel Moura, Jéssica S. Kloh, Cleber C. Figueredo, Paula C. Eterovick
Abstract Eutrophication events resulting from increased primary production are becoming common under changing environmental conditions that include habitat degradation and disturbance of food webs. They cause several detrimental ecological consequences including the intoxication of animals that ingest toxic Cyanobacteria. We tested whether the tadpole of an anthropophilic frog ( Scinax longilineus ) would avoid feeding on a potentially toxic Cyanobacteria using Raphidiopsis raciborskii as a model. We maintained tadpoles in water collected from a natural monospecific growth of R. raciborskii at the original concentration (100%) and concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the original sample diluted in rested tap water. We evaluated the amount of R. raciborskii ingested by the tadpoles and conducted behavioral tests by exposing tadpoles to an aversive stimulus and quantifying their escape response. Tadpoles ate the least R. raciborskii the highest the concentration of this Cyanobacteria was in the water. Tadpoles exposed to 50 and 75% of the original concentration of the R. raciborskii sample had a reduction of time spent escaping, what is likely to compromise their ability to escape a real predator attack. Tadpoles at the highest concentration (100%) did not show significant changes in their escape performance, however they practically stopped feeding, what would not be a solution in the long term (i.e., duration of a real bloom). We conclude that tadpoles of S. longilineus can recognize the presence of R. raciborskii and avoid its ingestion, with potential sub-lethal effects represented by a reduced ability to escape predators.
{"title":"An empty stomach is not a good adviser: avoiding toxic Cyanobacteria can compromise tadpole antipredator defenses","authors":"Samuel Moura, Jéssica S. Kloh, Cleber C. Figueredo, Paula C. Eterovick","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eutrophication events resulting from increased primary production are becoming common under changing environmental conditions that include habitat degradation and disturbance of food webs. They cause several detrimental ecological consequences including the intoxication of animals that ingest toxic Cyanobacteria. We tested whether the tadpole of an anthropophilic frog ( Scinax longilineus ) would avoid feeding on a potentially toxic Cyanobacteria using Raphidiopsis raciborskii as a model. We maintained tadpoles in water collected from a natural monospecific growth of R. raciborskii at the original concentration (100%) and concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the original sample diluted in rested tap water. We evaluated the amount of R. raciborskii ingested by the tadpoles and conducted behavioral tests by exposing tadpoles to an aversive stimulus and quantifying their escape response. Tadpoles ate the least R. raciborskii the highest the concentration of this Cyanobacteria was in the water. Tadpoles exposed to 50 and 75% of the original concentration of the R. raciborskii sample had a reduction of time spent escaping, what is likely to compromise their ability to escape a real predator attack. Tadpoles at the highest concentration (100%) did not show significant changes in their escape performance, however they practically stopped feeding, what would not be a solution in the long term (i.e., duration of a real bloom). We conclude that tadpoles of S. longilineus can recognize the presence of R. raciborskii and avoid its ingestion, with potential sub-lethal effects represented by a reduced ability to escape predators.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10151
Olga Méndez-Méndez, Renato Sánchez-Sánchez, Jazmín Hernández-Luría, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal
Abstract Non-native species have numerous and significant, often negative, effects on amphibians, but that threat may be ameliorated if the native species is able to respond behaviourally to the non-native predators. We experimentally compared the behavioural response of tadpoles of the Ridged Tree Frog, Dryophytes plicatus , to cues from non-native Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , to those to a native predator, the Short-tail Alpine Garter Snake, Thamnophis scaliger. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles did not alter activity in response to cues from O. mykiss but increased activity in the presence of cues from T. scaliger , although it is possible this increase is related, at least in part, to the order of the presentation of the cues. The activity of D. plicatus tadpoles was higher in the absence of the vegetation than in its presence when exposed to predator cues, both T. scaliger and O. mykiss , but not in the control. In conclusion, our results show D. plicatus tadpoles alter their overall activity when exposed to cues from a native predator, T. scaliger , but not the non-native O. mykiss . These results may explain, in part, why D. plicatus can co-occur with T. scaliger but not O. mykiss .
{"title":"Behavioural response of Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles to the cues of non-native rainbow trout and a native snake","authors":"Olga Méndez-Méndez, Renato Sánchez-Sánchez, Jazmín Hernández-Luría, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-native species have numerous and significant, often negative, effects on amphibians, but that threat may be ameliorated if the native species is able to respond behaviourally to the non-native predators. We experimentally compared the behavioural response of tadpoles of the Ridged Tree Frog, Dryophytes plicatus , to cues from non-native Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , to those to a native predator, the Short-tail Alpine Garter Snake, Thamnophis scaliger. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles did not alter activity in response to cues from O. mykiss but increased activity in the presence of cues from T. scaliger , although it is possible this increase is related, at least in part, to the order of the presentation of the cues. The activity of D. plicatus tadpoles was higher in the absence of the vegetation than in its presence when exposed to predator cues, both T. scaliger and O. mykiss , but not in the control. In conclusion, our results show D. plicatus tadpoles alter their overall activity when exposed to cues from a native predator, T. scaliger , but not the non-native O. mykiss . These results may explain, in part, why D. plicatus can co-occur with T. scaliger but not O. mykiss .","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10150
Michele Chiacchio, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Andrea Barbi, Luca Corlatti, Dennis Rödder, Klaus Henle, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
Abstract Monitoring of wildlife populations is essential for their conservation and requires a carefully chosen methodology. We compared survey effectiveness of reptiles using coverboards and visual encounter surveys in two study sites in the Italian Alps with similar habitats and reptile communities. The two sites shared similar methodologies, cover boards and visual encounter surveys (VES), except for the temporal approach, with one employing a long-lasting monitoring scheme and the other operating on a much shorter time-frame. Coverboards were placed two years before the beginning of the monitoring in the first site, while they were installed only for ten days and then removed each year in the second site. Similarly, VES were spread across the whole reptile activity season (May-September) in the first site, while conducted over nine consecutive days in the second site. Although the observation rate of any species was mainly associated with its relative abundance, reptiles preferred long-established coverboards and all three species present ( Zootoca vivipara , Anguis veronensis and Vipera berus ) were found underneath them. Only Zootoca vivipara used recently installed ones. On the other hand, short-term daily visual encounter surveys led to a much higher observation rate of Z. vivipara than those spread over the entire season. Our results suggest that coverboards may provide a valuable monitoring tool for reptiles when projects are conducted over long periods. Conversely, when only short-term assessments are possible, no real difference exists between the two methods and observation rate is more influenced by the species abundance than by the chosen method.
{"title":"Comparative success of two sampling techniques for high-altitude Alpine grassland reptiles under different temporal designs","authors":"Michele Chiacchio, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Andrea Barbi, Luca Corlatti, Dennis Rödder, Klaus Henle, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monitoring of wildlife populations is essential for their conservation and requires a carefully chosen methodology. We compared survey effectiveness of reptiles using coverboards and visual encounter surveys in two study sites in the Italian Alps with similar habitats and reptile communities. The two sites shared similar methodologies, cover boards and visual encounter surveys (VES), except for the temporal approach, with one employing a long-lasting monitoring scheme and the other operating on a much shorter time-frame. Coverboards were placed two years before the beginning of the monitoring in the first site, while they were installed only for ten days and then removed each year in the second site. Similarly, VES were spread across the whole reptile activity season (May-September) in the first site, while conducted over nine consecutive days in the second site. Although the observation rate of any species was mainly associated with its relative abundance, reptiles preferred long-established coverboards and all three species present ( Zootoca vivipara , Anguis veronensis and Vipera berus ) were found underneath them. Only Zootoca vivipara used recently installed ones. On the other hand, short-term daily visual encounter surveys led to a much higher observation rate of Z. vivipara than those spread over the entire season. Our results suggest that coverboards may provide a valuable monitoring tool for reptiles when projects are conducted over long periods. Conversely, when only short-term assessments are possible, no real difference exists between the two methods and observation rate is more influenced by the species abundance than by the chosen method.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10149
Somaye Vaissi, Pouria Heshmatzad, Axel Hernandez
Abstract The relict genus Paradactylodon is narrowly distributed in temperate forests throughout the Middle East region, including P. mustersi in Afghanistan, P. persicus , and P. gorganensis in northwestern and northeastern Iran. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Iranian Paradactylodon populations may belong to a single species, P. persicus . In this study, we addressed how climatic niche conservatism and/or niche divergence may have affected the evolution of all Paradactylodon species using ecological niche models and multivariate niche analyses to identify niche overlap and assess equivalency and similarity tests. We also used an ensemble of ten algorithms to predict Paradactylodon species distributions for recent (1970-2000) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions. The results show that future climate change may cause the loss of 80 to 97% of these species’ suitable habitat, especially at lower elevations. The niche divergence hypothesis was supported by the results of niche equivalency tests on P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis (and vice versa) with moderate overlap (D = 0.23, I = 0.41) and P. persicus vs. P. mustersi (and vice versa) with little overlap (D = 0.05, I = 0.06). Meanwhile, the niche similarity test for the niche conservatism hypothesis revealed significant results for P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis , P. mustersi vs. P. persicus , and P. persicus + P. gorganensis (as a single species) vs. P. mustersi . Due to these complex evolutionary ecological patterns and allopatric distributions, we recommend that P. gorganensis be considered a valid subspecies.
摘要副齿兽(paractylodon)孑孓属分布狭窄，主要分布在中东地区的温带森林中，包括阿富汗的P. mustersi，伊朗西北部和东北部的P. persicus和P. gorganensis。最近的系统发育分析表明，伊朗副齿龙种群可能属于一个单一物种，P. persicus。在这项研究中，我们利用生态位模型和多元生态位分析来确定生态位重叠并评估等效性和相似性测试，探讨了气候生态位保守性和/或生态位分化如何影响所有副栉齿兽物种的进化。我们还使用了十种算法的集合来预测最近(1970-2000)和未来(2081-2100)气候条件下的副齿龙物种分布。结果表明，未来气候变化可能导致这些物种80% ~ 97%的适宜栖息地丧失，特别是在低海拔地区。生态位等效性检验结果支持了生态位分化假说，结果表明，蜜桃与甘草木(P. pericus vs. gorganensis, P.反之)的重叠程度中等(D = 0.23, I = 0.41)，蜜桃与鼠草木(P. musstersi, P.反之)的重叠程度较小(D = 0.05, I = 0.06)。同时，对生态位保守性假设进行生态位相似性检验，结果表明，蜜桃与枸杞、桃蚜与桃蚜、桃蚜+枸杞(作为一个单一物种)与桃蚜具有显著性差异。由于这些复杂的进化生态模式和异域分布，我们建议将古organensis视为一个有效的亚种。
{"title":"Niche evolution and diversification in Middle Eastern stream salamanders (Paradactylodon): vulnerability to future climate change","authors":"Somaye Vaissi, Pouria Heshmatzad, Axel Hernandez","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relict genus Paradactylodon is narrowly distributed in temperate forests throughout the Middle East region, including P. mustersi in Afghanistan, P. persicus , and P. gorganensis in northwestern and northeastern Iran. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Iranian Paradactylodon populations may belong to a single species, P. persicus . In this study, we addressed how climatic niche conservatism and/or niche divergence may have affected the evolution of all Paradactylodon species using ecological niche models and multivariate niche analyses to identify niche overlap and assess equivalency and similarity tests. We also used an ensemble of ten algorithms to predict Paradactylodon species distributions for recent (1970-2000) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions. The results show that future climate change may cause the loss of 80 to 97% of these species’ suitable habitat, especially at lower elevations. The niche divergence hypothesis was supported by the results of niche equivalency tests on P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis (and vice versa) with moderate overlap (D = 0.23, I = 0.41) and P. persicus vs. P. mustersi (and vice versa) with little overlap (D = 0.05, I = 0.06). Meanwhile, the niche similarity test for the niche conservatism hypothesis revealed significant results for P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis , P. mustersi vs. P. persicus , and P. persicus + P. gorganensis (as a single species) vs. P. mustersi . Due to these complex evolutionary ecological patterns and allopatric distributions, we recommend that P. gorganensis be considered a valid subspecies.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10144
Jody Robbemont, Sam van Veldhuijzen, S. J. R. Allain, Johanna Ambu, Ryan Boyle, D. Canestrelli, Éinne Ó Cathasaigh, C. Cathrine, A. Chiocchio, D. Cogǎlniceanu, Milena Cvijanović, C. Dufresnes, Collie Ennis, R. Gandola, D. Jablonski, A. Julian, D. Kranželić, Simeon Lukanov, Í. Martínez‐Solano, Ryan Montgomery, B. Naumov, Matthew O’Neill, Alexandra North, M. Pabijan, Robert Pushendorf, D. Salvi, B. Schmidt, K. Sotiropoulos, F. Stănescu, D. Stanković, Sarah Stapleton, Emina Šunje, Márton Szabolcs, E. Vacheva, David G. Willis, Adnan Zimić, James G. France, W. R. Meilink, T. Stark, R. Struijk, Anagnostis Theodoropoulos, Manon C. de Visser, B. Wielstra
Many herpetofauna species have been introduced outside of their native range. MtDNA barcoding is regularly used to determine the provenance of such populations. The alpine newt has been introduced across the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, geographical mtDNA structure across the natural range of the alpine newt is still incompletely understood and certain regions are severely undersampled. We collect mtDNA sequence data of over seven hundred individuals, from both the native and the introduced range. The main new insights from our extended mtDNA phylogeography are that 1) haplotypes from Spain do not form a reciprocally monophyletic clade, but are nested inside the mtDNA clade that covers western and eastern Europe; and 2) haplotypes from the northwest Balkans form a monophyletic clade together with those from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. We also home in on the regions where the distinct mtDNA clades meet in nature. We show that four out of the seven distinct mtDNA clades that comprise the alpine newt are implicated in the introductions in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In several introduced localities, two distinct mtDNA clades co-occur. As these mtDNA clades presumably represent cryptic species, we urge that the extent of genetic admixture between them is assessed from genome-wide nuclear DNA markers. We mobilized a large number of citizen scientists in this project to support the collection of DNA samples by skin swabbing and underscore the effectiveness of this sampling technique for mtDNA barcoding.
{"title":"An extended mtDNA phylogeography for the alpine newt illuminates the provenance of introduced populations","authors":"Jody Robbemont, Sam van Veldhuijzen, S. J. R. Allain, Johanna Ambu, Ryan Boyle, D. Canestrelli, Éinne Ó Cathasaigh, C. Cathrine, A. Chiocchio, D. Cogǎlniceanu, Milena Cvijanović, C. Dufresnes, Collie Ennis, R. Gandola, D. Jablonski, A. Julian, D. Kranželić, Simeon Lukanov, Í. Martínez‐Solano, Ryan Montgomery, B. Naumov, Matthew O’Neill, Alexandra North, M. Pabijan, Robert Pushendorf, D. Salvi, B. Schmidt, K. Sotiropoulos, F. Stănescu, D. Stanković, Sarah Stapleton, Emina Šunje, Márton Szabolcs, E. Vacheva, David G. Willis, Adnan Zimić, James G. France, W. R. Meilink, T. Stark, R. Struijk, Anagnostis Theodoropoulos, Manon C. de Visser, B. Wielstra","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Many herpetofauna species have been introduced outside of their native range. MtDNA barcoding is regularly used to determine the provenance of such populations. The alpine newt has been introduced across the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, geographical mtDNA structure across the natural range of the alpine newt is still incompletely understood and certain regions are severely undersampled. We collect mtDNA sequence data of over seven hundred individuals, from both the native and the introduced range. The main new insights from our extended mtDNA phylogeography are that 1) haplotypes from Spain do not form a reciprocally monophyletic clade, but are nested inside the mtDNA clade that covers western and eastern Europe; and 2) haplotypes from the northwest Balkans form a monophyletic clade together with those from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. We also home in on the regions where the distinct mtDNA clades meet in nature. We show that four out of the seven distinct mtDNA clades that comprise the alpine newt are implicated in the introductions in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In several introduced localities, two distinct mtDNA clades co-occur. As these mtDNA clades presumably represent cryptic species, we urge that the extent of genetic admixture between them is assessed from genome-wide nuclear DNA markers. We mobilized a large number of citizen scientists in this project to support the collection of DNA samples by skin swabbing and underscore the effectiveness of this sampling technique for mtDNA barcoding.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10147
Rodica P. Török-Oance, Marcel F. Török-Oance
The common toad (Bufo bufo) is a widespread species in Europe, with accidental occurrence in caves. This study reports the first case of breeding of B. bufo in a natural cave in the Carpathian Mountains. The breeding activity was observed at the end of May and the beginning of June. We identified pairs of common toads in axillary amplexus, egg strings and tadpoles up to a distance of 97 m inside the cave. We hypothesized that there is an active selection of some cave sites as breeding habitat and that the egg deposition is not randomly distributed inside the cave. In 25 sample points, we recorded ten cave environmental features and we assessed the relationship between egg strings presence and environmental features by performing a bias reduction in binomial-response generalized linear model. The results revealed that the strongest ecological factor determining the selection of breeding areas inside the cave was water flow velocity. The presence of light, although an important environmental feature, was not the most determining factor in breeding site selection, as toads successfully entered in completely dark environments to lay eggs in hydrologically favourable places. This study provides new information about the cave breeding of Bufo bufo and highlights the environmental features determining the common toad’s breeding site selection.
{"title":"Environmental constraints affect underground reproduction of the common toad (Bufo bufo)","authors":"Rodica P. Török-Oance, Marcel F. Török-Oance","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The common toad (Bufo bufo) is a widespread species in Europe, with accidental occurrence in caves. This study reports the first case of breeding of B. bufo in a natural cave in the Carpathian Mountains. The breeding activity was observed at the end of May and the beginning of June. We identified pairs of common toads in axillary amplexus, egg strings and tadpoles up to a distance of 97 m inside the cave. We hypothesized that there is an active selection of some cave sites as breeding habitat and that the egg deposition is not randomly distributed inside the cave. In 25 sample points, we recorded ten cave environmental features and we assessed the relationship between egg strings presence and environmental features by performing a bias reduction in binomial-response generalized linear model. The results revealed that the strongest ecological factor determining the selection of breeding areas inside the cave was water flow velocity. The presence of light, although an important environmental feature, was not the most determining factor in breeding site selection, as toads successfully entered in completely dark environments to lay eggs in hydrologically favourable places. This study provides new information about the cave breeding of Bufo bufo and highlights the environmental features determining the common toad’s breeding site selection.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47147207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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