Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10150
Michele Chiacchio, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Andrea Barbi, Luca Corlatti, Dennis Rödder, Klaus Henle, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
Abstract Monitoring of wildlife populations is essential for their conservation and requires a carefully chosen methodology. We compared survey effectiveness of reptiles using coverboards and visual encounter surveys in two study sites in the Italian Alps with similar habitats and reptile communities. The two sites shared similar methodologies, cover boards and visual encounter surveys (VES), except for the temporal approach, with one employing a long-lasting monitoring scheme and the other operating on a much shorter time-frame. Coverboards were placed two years before the beginning of the monitoring in the first site, while they were installed only for ten days and then removed each year in the second site. Similarly, VES were spread across the whole reptile activity season (May-September) in the first site, while conducted over nine consecutive days in the second site. Although the observation rate of any species was mainly associated with its relative abundance, reptiles preferred long-established coverboards and all three species present ( Zootoca vivipara , Anguis veronensis and Vipera berus ) were found underneath them. Only Zootoca vivipara used recently installed ones. On the other hand, short-term daily visual encounter surveys led to a much higher observation rate of Z. vivipara than those spread over the entire season. Our results suggest that coverboards may provide a valuable monitoring tool for reptiles when projects are conducted over long periods. Conversely, when only short-term assessments are possible, no real difference exists between the two methods and observation rate is more influenced by the species abundance than by the chosen method.
{"title":"Comparative success of two sampling techniques for high-altitude Alpine grassland reptiles under different temporal designs","authors":"Michele Chiacchio, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Andrea Barbi, Luca Corlatti, Dennis Rödder, Klaus Henle, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monitoring of wildlife populations is essential for their conservation and requires a carefully chosen methodology. We compared survey effectiveness of reptiles using coverboards and visual encounter surveys in two study sites in the Italian Alps with similar habitats and reptile communities. The two sites shared similar methodologies, cover boards and visual encounter surveys (VES), except for the temporal approach, with one employing a long-lasting monitoring scheme and the other operating on a much shorter time-frame. Coverboards were placed two years before the beginning of the monitoring in the first site, while they were installed only for ten days and then removed each year in the second site. Similarly, VES were spread across the whole reptile activity season (May-September) in the first site, while conducted over nine consecutive days in the second site. Although the observation rate of any species was mainly associated with its relative abundance, reptiles preferred long-established coverboards and all three species present ( Zootoca vivipara , Anguis veronensis and Vipera berus ) were found underneath them. Only Zootoca vivipara used recently installed ones. On the other hand, short-term daily visual encounter surveys led to a much higher observation rate of Z. vivipara than those spread over the entire season. Our results suggest that coverboards may provide a valuable monitoring tool for reptiles when projects are conducted over long periods. Conversely, when only short-term assessments are possible, no real difference exists between the two methods and observation rate is more influenced by the species abundance than by the chosen method.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10149
Somaye Vaissi, Pouria Heshmatzad, Axel Hernandez
Abstract The relict genus Paradactylodon is narrowly distributed in temperate forests throughout the Middle East region, including P. mustersi in Afghanistan, P. persicus , and P. gorganensis in northwestern and northeastern Iran. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Iranian Paradactylodon populations may belong to a single species, P. persicus . In this study, we addressed how climatic niche conservatism and/or niche divergence may have affected the evolution of all Paradactylodon species using ecological niche models and multivariate niche analyses to identify niche overlap and assess equivalency and similarity tests. We also used an ensemble of ten algorithms to predict Paradactylodon species distributions for recent (1970-2000) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions. The results show that future climate change may cause the loss of 80 to 97% of these species’ suitable habitat, especially at lower elevations. The niche divergence hypothesis was supported by the results of niche equivalency tests on P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis (and vice versa) with moderate overlap (D = 0.23, I = 0.41) and P. persicus vs. P. mustersi (and vice versa) with little overlap (D = 0.05, I = 0.06). Meanwhile, the niche similarity test for the niche conservatism hypothesis revealed significant results for P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis , P. mustersi vs. P. persicus , and P. persicus + P. gorganensis (as a single species) vs. P. mustersi . Due to these complex evolutionary ecological patterns and allopatric distributions, we recommend that P. gorganensis be considered a valid subspecies.
摘要副齿兽(paractylodon)孑孓属分布狭窄，主要分布在中东地区的温带森林中，包括阿富汗的P. mustersi，伊朗西北部和东北部的P. persicus和P. gorganensis。最近的系统发育分析表明，伊朗副齿龙种群可能属于一个单一物种，P. persicus。在这项研究中，我们利用生态位模型和多元生态位分析来确定生态位重叠并评估等效性和相似性测试，探讨了气候生态位保守性和/或生态位分化如何影响所有副栉齿兽物种的进化。我们还使用了十种算法的集合来预测最近(1970-2000)和未来(2081-2100)气候条件下的副齿龙物种分布。结果表明，未来气候变化可能导致这些物种80% ~ 97%的适宜栖息地丧失，特别是在低海拔地区。生态位等效性检验结果支持了生态位分化假说，结果表明，蜜桃与甘草木(P. pericus vs. gorganensis, P.反之)的重叠程度中等(D = 0.23, I = 0.41)，蜜桃与鼠草木(P. musstersi, P.反之)的重叠程度较小(D = 0.05, I = 0.06)。同时，对生态位保守性假设进行生态位相似性检验，结果表明，蜜桃与枸杞、桃蚜与桃蚜、桃蚜+枸杞(作为一个单一物种)与桃蚜具有显著性差异。由于这些复杂的进化生态模式和异域分布，我们建议将古organensis视为一个有效的亚种。
{"title":"Niche evolution and diversification in Middle Eastern stream salamanders (Paradactylodon): vulnerability to future climate change","authors":"Somaye Vaissi, Pouria Heshmatzad, Axel Hernandez","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relict genus Paradactylodon is narrowly distributed in temperate forests throughout the Middle East region, including P. mustersi in Afghanistan, P. persicus , and P. gorganensis in northwestern and northeastern Iran. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Iranian Paradactylodon populations may belong to a single species, P. persicus . In this study, we addressed how climatic niche conservatism and/or niche divergence may have affected the evolution of all Paradactylodon species using ecological niche models and multivariate niche analyses to identify niche overlap and assess equivalency and similarity tests. We also used an ensemble of ten algorithms to predict Paradactylodon species distributions for recent (1970-2000) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions. The results show that future climate change may cause the loss of 80 to 97% of these species’ suitable habitat, especially at lower elevations. The niche divergence hypothesis was supported by the results of niche equivalency tests on P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis (and vice versa) with moderate overlap (D = 0.23, I = 0.41) and P. persicus vs. P. mustersi (and vice versa) with little overlap (D = 0.05, I = 0.06). Meanwhile, the niche similarity test for the niche conservatism hypothesis revealed significant results for P. persicus vs. P. gorganensis , P. mustersi vs. P. persicus , and P. persicus + P. gorganensis (as a single species) vs. P. mustersi . Due to these complex evolutionary ecological patterns and allopatric distributions, we recommend that P. gorganensis be considered a valid subspecies.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10144
Jody Robbemont, Sam van Veldhuijzen, S. J. R. Allain, Johanna Ambu, Ryan Boyle, D. Canestrelli, Éinne Ó Cathasaigh, C. Cathrine, A. Chiocchio, D. Cogǎlniceanu, Milena Cvijanović, C. Dufresnes, Collie Ennis, R. Gandola, D. Jablonski, A. Julian, D. Kranželić, Simeon Lukanov, Í. Martínez‐Solano, Ryan Montgomery, B. Naumov, Matthew O’Neill, Alexandra North, M. Pabijan, Robert Pushendorf, D. Salvi, B. Schmidt, K. Sotiropoulos, F. Stănescu, D. Stanković, Sarah Stapleton, Emina Šunje, Márton Szabolcs, E. Vacheva, David G. Willis, Adnan Zimić, James G. France, W. R. Meilink, T. Stark, R. Struijk, Anagnostis Theodoropoulos, Manon C. de Visser, B. Wielstra
Many herpetofauna species have been introduced outside of their native range. MtDNA barcoding is regularly used to determine the provenance of such populations. The alpine newt has been introduced across the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, geographical mtDNA structure across the natural range of the alpine newt is still incompletely understood and certain regions are severely undersampled. We collect mtDNA sequence data of over seven hundred individuals, from both the native and the introduced range. The main new insights from our extended mtDNA phylogeography are that 1) haplotypes from Spain do not form a reciprocally monophyletic clade, but are nested inside the mtDNA clade that covers western and eastern Europe; and 2) haplotypes from the northwest Balkans form a monophyletic clade together with those from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. We also home in on the regions where the distinct mtDNA clades meet in nature. We show that four out of the seven distinct mtDNA clades that comprise the alpine newt are implicated in the introductions in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In several introduced localities, two distinct mtDNA clades co-occur. As these mtDNA clades presumably represent cryptic species, we urge that the extent of genetic admixture between them is assessed from genome-wide nuclear DNA markers. We mobilized a large number of citizen scientists in this project to support the collection of DNA samples by skin swabbing and underscore the effectiveness of this sampling technique for mtDNA barcoding.
{"title":"An extended mtDNA phylogeography for the alpine newt illuminates the provenance of introduced populations","authors":"Jody Robbemont, Sam van Veldhuijzen, S. J. R. Allain, Johanna Ambu, Ryan Boyle, D. Canestrelli, Éinne Ó Cathasaigh, C. Cathrine, A. Chiocchio, D. Cogǎlniceanu, Milena Cvijanović, C. Dufresnes, Collie Ennis, R. Gandola, D. Jablonski, A. Julian, D. Kranželić, Simeon Lukanov, Í. Martínez‐Solano, Ryan Montgomery, B. Naumov, Matthew O’Neill, Alexandra North, M. Pabijan, Robert Pushendorf, D. Salvi, B. Schmidt, K. Sotiropoulos, F. Stănescu, D. Stanković, Sarah Stapleton, Emina Šunje, Márton Szabolcs, E. Vacheva, David G. Willis, Adnan Zimić, James G. France, W. R. Meilink, T. Stark, R. Struijk, Anagnostis Theodoropoulos, Manon C. de Visser, B. Wielstra","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Many herpetofauna species have been introduced outside of their native range. MtDNA barcoding is regularly used to determine the provenance of such populations. The alpine newt has been introduced across the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, geographical mtDNA structure across the natural range of the alpine newt is still incompletely understood and certain regions are severely undersampled. We collect mtDNA sequence data of over seven hundred individuals, from both the native and the introduced range. The main new insights from our extended mtDNA phylogeography are that 1) haplotypes from Spain do not form a reciprocally monophyletic clade, but are nested inside the mtDNA clade that covers western and eastern Europe; and 2) haplotypes from the northwest Balkans form a monophyletic clade together with those from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. We also home in on the regions where the distinct mtDNA clades meet in nature. We show that four out of the seven distinct mtDNA clades that comprise the alpine newt are implicated in the introductions in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In several introduced localities, two distinct mtDNA clades co-occur. As these mtDNA clades presumably represent cryptic species, we urge that the extent of genetic admixture between them is assessed from genome-wide nuclear DNA markers. We mobilized a large number of citizen scientists in this project to support the collection of DNA samples by skin swabbing and underscore the effectiveness of this sampling technique for mtDNA barcoding.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10147
Rodica P. Török-Oance, Marcel F. Török-Oance
The common toad (Bufo bufo) is a widespread species in Europe, with accidental occurrence in caves. This study reports the first case of breeding of B. bufo in a natural cave in the Carpathian Mountains. The breeding activity was observed at the end of May and the beginning of June. We identified pairs of common toads in axillary amplexus, egg strings and tadpoles up to a distance of 97 m inside the cave. We hypothesized that there is an active selection of some cave sites as breeding habitat and that the egg deposition is not randomly distributed inside the cave. In 25 sample points, we recorded ten cave environmental features and we assessed the relationship between egg strings presence and environmental features by performing a bias reduction in binomial-response generalized linear model. The results revealed that the strongest ecological factor determining the selection of breeding areas inside the cave was water flow velocity. The presence of light, although an important environmental feature, was not the most determining factor in breeding site selection, as toads successfully entered in completely dark environments to lay eggs in hydrologically favourable places. This study provides new information about the cave breeding of Bufo bufo and highlights the environmental features determining the common toad’s breeding site selection.
{"title":"Environmental constraints affect underground reproduction of the common toad (Bufo bufo)","authors":"Rodica P. Török-Oance, Marcel F. Török-Oance","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The common toad (Bufo bufo) is a widespread species in Europe, with accidental occurrence in caves. This study reports the first case of breeding of B. bufo in a natural cave in the Carpathian Mountains. The breeding activity was observed at the end of May and the beginning of June. We identified pairs of common toads in axillary amplexus, egg strings and tadpoles up to a distance of 97 m inside the cave. We hypothesized that there is an active selection of some cave sites as breeding habitat and that the egg deposition is not randomly distributed inside the cave. In 25 sample points, we recorded ten cave environmental features and we assessed the relationship between egg strings presence and environmental features by performing a bias reduction in binomial-response generalized linear model. The results revealed that the strongest ecological factor determining the selection of breeding areas inside the cave was water flow velocity. The presence of light, although an important environmental feature, was not the most determining factor in breeding site selection, as toads successfully entered in completely dark environments to lay eggs in hydrologically favourable places. This study provides new information about the cave breeding of Bufo bufo and highlights the environmental features determining the common toad’s breeding site selection.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47147207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10146
Amalia Segura, G. Palomar
Climate change threatens amphibians because they depend on water availability. The amount of time that a pond is filled with water – the hydroperiod – may play an important role in larval development and recruitment. Nevertheless it is usually not taken into account when predicting future species trends. We evaluated the role of the hydroperiod in the abundance of five amphibian species in temporal ponds of a Moroccan forest during a seven-year period. Particularly, we characterized the ponds and compared the climatic variables affecting our system with the previous eight-year period. We tested the relationship between rainfall and hydroperiod, and we identified the best predictor of amphibian abundance. Our data showed that the last seven years were drier than the previous eight, being three of them so dry that none of the amphibian species bred successfully in those seasons. We demonstrated that hydroperiod was the best predictor of the abundance of amphibian species and affected the amphibian community composition. The rainfall was correlated with the hydroperiod and the number of ponds filled. Species with long larval periods such as the endangered Moroccan spadefoot toad and the sharp ribbed newt might be more vulnerable to climate change since they need longer hydroperiods to develop. However, widespread species with shorter hydroperiods such as the Mauretanian toad or the stripeless tree frog might be favoured. In order to predict accurately amphibian species trend under climate change scenarios and to develop adequate conservation strategies, hydroperiod should be considered in both the models and mitigation actions.
{"title":"Hydroperiod of temporary ponds threats amphibian recruitment in Mediterranean environments","authors":"Amalia Segura, G. Palomar","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10146","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Climate change threatens amphibians because they depend on water availability. The amount of time that a pond is filled with water – the hydroperiod – may play an important role in larval development and recruitment. Nevertheless it is usually not taken into account when predicting future species trends. We evaluated the role of the hydroperiod in the abundance of five amphibian species in temporal ponds of a Moroccan forest during a seven-year period. Particularly, we characterized the ponds and compared the climatic variables affecting our system with the previous eight-year period. We tested the relationship between rainfall and hydroperiod, and we identified the best predictor of amphibian abundance. Our data showed that the last seven years were drier than the previous eight, being three of them so dry that none of the amphibian species bred successfully in those seasons. We demonstrated that hydroperiod was the best predictor of the abundance of amphibian species and affected the amphibian community composition. The rainfall was correlated with the hydroperiod and the number of ponds filled. Species with long larval periods such as the endangered Moroccan spadefoot toad and the sharp ribbed newt might be more vulnerable to climate change since they need longer hydroperiods to develop. However, widespread species with shorter hydroperiods such as the Mauretanian toad or the stripeless tree frog might be favoured. In order to predict accurately amphibian species trend under climate change scenarios and to develop adequate conservation strategies, hydroperiod should be considered in both the models and mitigation actions.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10148
G. Velo‐Antón, E. Chambers, N. Poyarkov, D. Canestrelli, Roberta Bisconti, B. Naumov, María José Fernández Benéitez, A. Borisenko, Í. Martínez‐Solano
Assembling DNA barcode reference libraries for various taxonomic groups allows researchers to use metabarcoding or environmental DNA approaches to gain a rapid understanding of diversity in given environments. However, our ability to use reference libraries depends on how accurately DNA barcodes are able to recover taxonomic boundaries and identify species, which is rarely considered. We constructed an extensive COI barcoding library for amphibians of the Western Palearctic and successfully recovered barcodes from 60 urodele and 73 anuran species (representing 94% and 98% of the nominal anuran and urodele species in the Western Palearctic, respectively), covering the intraspecific diversity of the majority of species in this region. We tested the effectiveness of our assembled DNA barcode dataset for species identification using barcoding gap, efficiency analyses, and two phylogenetic species delimitation methods. We obtained DNA barcodes for 1251 specimens (691 anurans and 560 urodeles) with a high success rate (92-96%) of species identification. The absence of a barcoding gap in a number of samples was linked to species misidentifications, which suggest incipient speciation or cryptic diversity, or previously described mitochondrial introgression events. The phylogenetic species delimitation methods resulted in substantial oversplitting of currently accepted taxonomy. This COI barcoding library provides an almost complete and reliable reference library for Western Palearctic amphibians. We highlight the importance of generating comprehensive and well curated reference libraries that include intra- and interspecific genetic variability and the need of detailed taxonomic revision when ambiguous or incorrect DNA barcodes exist.
{"title":"COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians","authors":"G. Velo‐Antón, E. Chambers, N. Poyarkov, D. Canestrelli, Roberta Bisconti, B. Naumov, María José Fernández Benéitez, A. Borisenko, Í. Martínez‐Solano","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10148","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Assembling DNA barcode reference libraries for various taxonomic groups allows researchers to use metabarcoding or environmental DNA approaches to gain a rapid understanding of diversity in given environments. However, our ability to use reference libraries depends on how accurately DNA barcodes are able to recover taxonomic boundaries and identify species, which is rarely considered. We constructed an extensive COI barcoding library for amphibians of the Western Palearctic and successfully recovered barcodes from 60 urodele and 73 anuran species (representing 94% and 98% of the nominal anuran and urodele species in the Western Palearctic, respectively), covering the intraspecific diversity of the majority of species in this region. We tested the effectiveness of our assembled DNA barcode dataset for species identification using barcoding gap, efficiency analyses, and two phylogenetic species delimitation methods. We obtained DNA barcodes for 1251 specimens (691 anurans and 560 urodeles) with a high success rate (92-96%) of species identification. The absence of a barcoding gap in a number of samples was linked to species misidentifications, which suggest incipient speciation or cryptic diversity, or previously described mitochondrial introgression events. The phylogenetic species delimitation methods resulted in substantial oversplitting of currently accepted taxonomy. This COI barcoding library provides an almost complete and reliable reference library for Western Palearctic amphibians. We highlight the importance of generating comprehensive and well curated reference libraries that include intra- and interspecific genetic variability and the need of detailed taxonomic revision when ambiguous or incorrect DNA barcodes exist.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10145
Patrícia Guedes, Yodiney dos Santos, Estrela Matilde, J. Alves, C. Rato, R. Rocha
On the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa, only one species of terrapin has been recorded: the West African mud turtle, Pelusios castaneus. Here, we use a mtDNA phylogenetic approach to shed light on the geographical origin of Pelusios castaneus on both islands. Our results indicate several independent colonisations from different African mainland regions (Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and Congo). However, it is still unclear if the species arrived on the islands by natural dispersal (e.g., through vegetation rafts) or by human agency (e.g., as a food source). Our work provides important insights into the origins of P. castaneus in São Tomé and Príncipe, but a more in-depth study is needed to fully understand the origins and evolutionary histories of these populations.
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships of the West African mud turtle (Pelusios castaneus) on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Central Africa","authors":"Patrícia Guedes, Yodiney dos Santos, Estrela Matilde, J. Alves, C. Rato, R. Rocha","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000On the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa, only one species of terrapin has been recorded: the West African mud turtle, Pelusios castaneus. Here, we use a mtDNA phylogenetic approach to shed light on the geographical origin of Pelusios castaneus on both islands. Our results indicate several independent colonisations from different African mainland regions (Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and Congo). However, it is still unclear if the species arrived on the islands by natural dispersal (e.g., through vegetation rafts) or by human agency (e.g., as a food source). Our work provides important insights into the origins of P. castaneus in São Tomé and Príncipe, but a more in-depth study is needed to fully understand the origins and evolutionary histories of these populations.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10143
G. Velo‐Antón, Clara Figueiredo-Vázquez, Lucía Alarcón-Ríos
Bimodal reproductive species offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of reproductive shifts, yet are extremely rare among vertebrates. Salamandra salamandra is one of two bimodal amphibian species, showing two viviparity modes: an aquatic (larviparity) and a terrestrial (pueriparity) mode. Although hybridization between larviparous and pueriparous lineages occurs in natural contact zones, their reproductive output is unknown. We conducted a captive breeding experiment to cross pueriparous insular females and larviparous continental males of S. s. gallaica. We first confirmed the reproductive output of the females and used parentage analysis to confirm the parents of the offspring, which resulted in a single group of aquatic larvae. We report, for the first time, direct evidence of F1 hybrids between parity modes in urodeles and a case of parity mode reversal at the individual level. Our study highlights S. salamandra as a bimodal reproductive species that offers exceptional opportunities to understand the evolution of viviparity.
{"title":"Captive breeding unveils hybridisation between aquatic and terrestrial reproductive modes and a reversal reproductive shift within Salamandra salamandra gallaica","authors":"G. Velo‐Antón, Clara Figueiredo-Vázquez, Lucía Alarcón-Ríos","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10143","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Bimodal reproductive species offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of reproductive shifts, yet are extremely rare among vertebrates. Salamandra salamandra is one of two bimodal amphibian species, showing two viviparity modes: an aquatic (larviparity) and a terrestrial (pueriparity) mode. Although hybridization between larviparous and pueriparous lineages occurs in natural contact zones, their reproductive output is unknown. We conducted a captive breeding experiment to cross pueriparous insular females and larviparous continental males of S. s. gallaica. We first confirmed the reproductive output of the females and used parentage analysis to confirm the parents of the offspring, which resulted in a single group of aquatic larvae. We report, for the first time, direct evidence of F1 hybrids between parity modes in urodeles and a case of parity mode reversal at the individual level. Our study highlights S. salamandra as a bimodal reproductive species that offers exceptional opportunities to understand the evolution of viviparity.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10142
C. Reading, G. Jofré
The effect of environmental temperature on the growth and body condition of common toad (Bufo bufo) toadlets was studied during their first terrestrial growth season, following metamorphosis, at a pond in south Dorset, UK, between 2010 and 2021. Toadlet samples were collected annually on the first day of emergence and then approximately once a week until late September/early October. In total, 15-19 samples were collected annually depending on the duration of the toadlet activity season. Toadlet snout-vent length (mm) and body mass (mg) of each captured toadlet was measured and their body condition (Scaled Mass Index: SMI) estimated both annually and for each annual quarter season. Toadlet growth rate and SMI varied between years and were significantly correlated with the duration of their first growth season and its lowest recorded temperature. Growth rate declined as the duration of the growth season increased whilst the reverse was true for SMI. Growth rates also increased as temperatures increased and vice versa for SMI. SMI was inversely correlated to growth rate and suggest that toadlets may enter their first hibernation larger, but in poorer condition, following warm summers than cool summers, and that this may have the potential to reduce their survivorship during a following mild winter. Assuming that similar relationships, between growth rates, body condition and environmental temperatures are not restricted to toadlets during their first terrestrial growth season, then this scenario may also be applicable to subsequent juvenile stages, further increasing the potential consequences for individual survival and fitness.
{"title":"The relationship between temperature, growth rate and body condition of Bufo bufo toadlets prior to their first hibernation","authors":"C. Reading, G. Jofré","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The effect of environmental temperature on the growth and body condition of common toad (Bufo bufo) toadlets was studied during their first terrestrial growth season, following metamorphosis, at a pond in south Dorset, UK, between 2010 and 2021. Toadlet samples were collected annually on the first day of emergence and then approximately once a week until late September/early October. In total, 15-19 samples were collected annually depending on the duration of the toadlet activity season. Toadlet snout-vent length (mm) and body mass (mg) of each captured toadlet was measured and their body condition (Scaled Mass Index: SMI) estimated both annually and for each annual quarter season. Toadlet growth rate and SMI varied between years and were significantly correlated with the duration of their first growth season and its lowest recorded temperature. Growth rate declined as the duration of the growth season increased whilst the reverse was true for SMI. Growth rates also increased as temperatures increased and vice versa for SMI. SMI was inversely correlated to growth rate and suggest that toadlets may enter their first hibernation larger, but in poorer condition, following warm summers than cool summers, and that this may have the potential to reduce their survivorship during a following mild winter. Assuming that similar relationships, between growth rates, body condition and environmental temperatures are not restricted to toadlets during their first terrestrial growth season, then this scenario may also be applicable to subsequent juvenile stages, further increasing the potential consequences for individual survival and fitness.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42467385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10139
Ángel Gálvez, M. Alonso, J. Bisbal-Chinesta, Javier Burgos, D. Candel, Berto Gil, Antonio Gómez-Mercader, Álex Mondéjar, Carlos Ortega, R. Sánchez, Marcos Real, Emilio Rosillo, Pablo Vicent-Castelló, Luis Albero
Water supplies in arid regions have traditionally been assured by cisterns, channels, wells, among other man-made structures with smooth vertical walls that can be deadly traps for several animals, including amphibians and reptiles. In this study, we investigate the incidence of such “trap structures” on the herpetofauna of the eastern Iberian Peninsula. We explored which features of these structures and which biological traits are associated with higher incidence of falling into these traps. We studied 205 trap structures and found 1224 amphibians or reptiles representing 25 different species, including endangered and protected ones. Broad-scale macroclimate and landscape variables were not associated with the incidence of traps. Instead, trap impact was influenced mainly by trap morphology and season of the year, which suggests that construction design and species phenology are the main factors to affect the incidence of a trap. Biological traits (subterranean or aquatic habits, diet, nocturnal activity or emission of reproductive calls) in some species were related to the probability of falling into these traps. Some species of snakes, lizards, and toads were more prone to fall in trap structures than other species. We conclude that trap structures can strongly impact amphibian and reptile survival, especially in arid or semi-arid regions where wells and water cisterns are widespread.
{"title":"Man-made infrastructures as accidental traps for herpetofauna in eastern Spain: incidence and modelling","authors":"Ángel Gálvez, M. Alonso, J. Bisbal-Chinesta, Javier Burgos, D. Candel, Berto Gil, Antonio Gómez-Mercader, Álex Mondéjar, Carlos Ortega, R. Sánchez, Marcos Real, Emilio Rosillo, Pablo Vicent-Castelló, Luis Albero","doi":"10.1163/15685381-bja10139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Water supplies in arid regions have traditionally been assured by cisterns, channels, wells, among other man-made structures with smooth vertical walls that can be deadly traps for several animals, including amphibians and reptiles. In this study, we investigate the incidence of such “trap structures” on the herpetofauna of the eastern Iberian Peninsula. We explored which features of these structures and which biological traits are associated with higher incidence of falling into these traps. We studied 205 trap structures and found 1224 amphibians or reptiles representing 25 different species, including endangered and protected ones. Broad-scale macroclimate and landscape variables were not associated with the incidence of traps. Instead, trap impact was influenced mainly by trap morphology and season of the year, which suggests that construction design and species phenology are the main factors to affect the incidence of a trap. Biological traits (subterranean or aquatic habits, diet, nocturnal activity or emission of reproductive calls) in some species were related to the probability of falling into these traps. Some species of snakes, lizards, and toads were more prone to fall in trap structures than other species. We conclude that trap structures can strongly impact amphibian and reptile survival, especially in arid or semi-arid regions where wells and water cisterns are widespread.","PeriodicalId":50799,"journal":{"name":"Amphibia-Reptilia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47764693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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