Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05022-8
Wenjie Yao, Lei Chen, Yinzhong Wang, Gang Yang
The composite molecular sieve catalysts with long reaction times were successfully synthesized by introducing Cu2+/Mn2+ and ZSM-5 into the initial gel. The catalysts were characterized with XRD, SEM and NH3-TPD, and further investigated through the methanol-to-olefin reactions. The results showed that the addition of Cu2+ caused the crystallinity of ZSM-5/SAPO-34 (Z-S) to increase significantly, but with addition of Mn2+, the crystallinity gradually decreased. With the increase of the Mn2+/Cu2+ ratio, the desorption summits of the weak and strong acid sites gradually increased, but the weak acid centres gradually dominated, which is herein thought helped reducing formation of the coke. The designed Cu0.05-Mn0.05/Z-S samples showed beneficial catalytic performances with a lifetime of 1500 min, a 1.5-fold increase compared with the Cu0.05/Z-S, while their selectivities remained exceeding 89%.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Dual-Metal-Modified CuMn-ZSM-5/SAPO-34 Zeolite with Excellent MTO Catalytic Performance","authors":"Wenjie Yao, Lei Chen, Yinzhong Wang, Gang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05022-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05022-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The composite molecular sieve catalysts with long reaction times were successfully synthesized by introducing Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> and ZSM-5 into the initial gel. The catalysts were characterized with XRD, SEM and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, and further investigated through the methanol-to-olefin reactions. The results showed that the addition of Cu<sup>2+</sup> caused the crystallinity of ZSM-5/SAPO-34 (Z-S) to increase significantly, but with addition of Mn<sup>2+</sup>, the crystallinity gradually decreased. With the increase of the Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>2+</sup> ratio, the desorption summits of the weak and strong acid sites gradually increased, but the weak acid centres gradually dominated, which is herein thought helped reducing formation of the coke. The designed Cu<sub>0.05</sub>-Mn<sub>0.05</sub>/Z-S samples showed beneficial catalytic performances with a lifetime of 1500 min, a 1.5-fold increase compared with the Cu<sub>0.05</sub>/Z-S, while their selectivities remained exceeding 89%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10562-025-05022-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05033-5
Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Nimisha Jadon
It is essential to remove harmful carcinogenic dyes from the environment because even minute quantities of these contaminants can have a negative influence on ecosystems. One possible method for removing organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater is heterogeneous photocatalysis. Hence, in this work, we have successfully synthesized CuSe, ZnO, and their heterostructure nanocomposite by utilizing a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method. A range of characterization techniques, including XRD, XPS, FT-IR, SEM/EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis were employed to further understand the structure, morphology, composition and optical characteristics of the synthesized samples. The band gap energy for CuSe, ZnO, and CuSe/ZnO samples were obtained to be 2.14, 2.85, and 2.36 eV, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite was used to test the photocatalytic degradation of two model dye pollutants Crystal violet and Rose bengal as a function of optimized operational parameters viz., dye concentration (15 mg/L for crystal violet and 10 mg/L for rose bengal), catalyst dose (50 mg), illumination time (125 min) and pH (9 for crystal violet and 6 for rose bengal). The findings of this study demonstrated that CuSe/ZnO heterostructure nanocomposite has shown excellent photocatalytic dye degradation performance. At optimized parameters, the degradation efficiency for crystal violet and rose bengal dyes was achieved to be 94.13% and 90.86%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation rate was favored by pseudo first order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with rate constants (k) of 0.018 min− 1 and 0.017 min− 1 for crystal violet and rose bengal, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Fabrication of CuSe/ZnO Heterostructure Photocatalyst for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Carcinogenic Dye Pollutants","authors":"Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Nimisha Jadon","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05033-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05033-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is essential to remove harmful carcinogenic dyes from the environment because even minute quantities of these contaminants can have a negative influence on ecosystems. One possible method for removing organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater is heterogeneous photocatalysis. Hence, in this work, we have successfully synthesized CuSe, ZnO, and their heterostructure nanocomposite by utilizing a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method. A range of characterization techniques, including XRD, XPS, FT-IR, SEM/EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis were employed to further understand the structure, morphology, composition and optical characteristics of the synthesized samples. The band gap energy for CuSe, ZnO, and CuSe/ZnO samples were obtained to be 2.14, 2.85, and 2.36 eV, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite was used to test the photocatalytic degradation of two model dye pollutants Crystal violet and Rose bengal as a function of optimized operational parameters viz., dye concentration (15 mg/L for crystal violet and 10 mg/L for rose bengal), catalyst dose (50 mg), illumination time (125 min) and pH (9 for crystal violet and 6 for rose bengal). The findings of this study demonstrated that CuSe/ZnO heterostructure nanocomposite has shown excellent photocatalytic dye degradation performance. At optimized parameters, the degradation efficiency for crystal violet and rose bengal dyes was achieved to be 94.13% and 90.86%, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation rate was favored by pseudo first order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with rate constants (k) of 0.018 min<sup>− 1</sup> and 0.017 min<sup>− 1</sup> for crystal violet and rose bengal, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is crucial to enlarge the pore size of spherical alumina while maintaining its high mechanical strength. In this work, acrylamide, maleimide and phenol were introduced as cross-linker into Al sol to prepare spherical alumina supports by the oil-drop method. By conducting crosslinking polymerization reactions using these cross-linkers with formaldehyde, the consumption of formaldehyde reduces its evaporation and thereby minimizes the disruption to the pore structure of the spherical alumina prepared by the oil-drop method. As a result, the pore structure of the spherical alumina is optimized from wedge-shaped pores to interconnected pores, with the proportion of pores in the range of 25–40 nm increasing by ~ 10% while maintaining strength exceed 60 N/P. This pore structure optimization effectively alleviates the reduction in catalytic activity caused by mass transfer limitations, the H2O2 productivity of the Pd/Al2O3-PH-3% (3% phenol as cross-linker) catalyst increased by 9.3% compared to that of Pd/Al2O3 without cross-linker.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Optimization of the Pore Structure of Spherical Alumina by Crosslinking Polymerization Technology","authors":"Jiale Li, Xingye Lin, Guandong Wu, Xijia Sun, Yufei He, Dianqing Li","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05030-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05030-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is crucial to enlarge the pore size of spherical alumina while maintaining its high mechanical strength. In this work, acrylamide, maleimide and phenol were introduced as cross-linker into Al sol to prepare spherical alumina supports by the oil-drop method. By conducting crosslinking polymerization reactions using these cross-linkers with formaldehyde, the consumption of formaldehyde reduces its evaporation and thereby minimizes the disruption to the pore structure of the spherical alumina prepared by the oil-drop method. As a result, the pore structure of the spherical alumina is optimized from wedge-shaped pores to interconnected pores, with the proportion of pores in the range of 25–40 nm increasing by ~ 10% while maintaining strength exceed 60 N/P. This pore structure optimization effectively alleviates the reduction in catalytic activity caused by mass transfer limitations, the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> productivity of the Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PH-3% (3% phenol as cross-linker) catalyst increased by 9.3% compared to that of Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> without cross-linker.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the bottleneck of insufficient catalytic activity at single acidic sites in traditional Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions, this study innovatively proposes a novel synergistic catalytic strategy combining Lewis and Brønsted acids. A Y-Hβ catalyst with dual-acid functionality and hierarchical pore structure was successfully constructed by precisely introducing yttrium ions (Y3+) into the Hβ zeolite framework through an equal-volume impregnation method. Structural characterization confirms that Y3+ is anchored in the framework as [YO4] tetrahedra, establishing strong Lewis acid sites while maintaining the structural integrity of Hβ zeolite. Mechanistic studies reveal that Y3+ promotes C = O bond cleavage in anhydride molecules through adsorption polarization to generate C+ intermediates, while simultaneously enhancing the proton acidity of adjacent Brønsted acid sites via electronic induction effects. Under Lewis acid regulation, neighboring Si-OH-Al sites precisely donate protons to the α-position of anthraquinone, forming C10H7+ intermediates. The synergistic cooperation between dual acids reduces the acylation reaction energy barrier to 32.8 kcal/mol (a 24.1 kcal/mol reduction compared to Hβ zeolite), significantly accelerating reaction kinetics. Under optimized conditions (250 °C, 5 h), the reaction achieves 82.6% conversion and 80.6% selectivity, demonstrating 50.6% improvement in catalytic efficiency over Hβ zeolite. Regeneration tests verify that the Y-Hβ catalyst maintains over 90% initial activity after 5 cycles, attributed to the high stability of Y-O-Si bonds and exceptional anti-coking performance, highlighting its promising industrial application potential.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Dynamic Acid Synergy in Y-Embedded Hβ Zeolite: Structural Tailoring and Acid Cooperativity for Enhanced Friedel-Crafts Acylation Towards 2-Ethylanthraquinone","authors":"Qingle Zhao, Sai Geng, Jialuo Yin, Dazhuang Gu, Bolin Zhao, Anyang Shi, Jingyi Lao, Zhiping Wang, Hailong Yu, Yue Liu, Huihui Wang, Shiwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05027-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05027-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the bottleneck of insufficient catalytic activity at single acidic sites in traditional Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions, this study innovatively proposes a novel synergistic catalytic strategy combining Lewis and Brønsted acids. A Y-Hβ catalyst with dual-acid functionality and hierarchical pore structure was successfully constructed by precisely introducing yttrium ions (Y<sup>3+</sup>) into the Hβ zeolite framework through an equal-volume impregnation method. Structural characterization confirms that Y<sup>3+</sup> is anchored in the framework as [YO<sub>4</sub>] tetrahedra, establishing strong Lewis acid sites while maintaining the structural integrity of Hβ zeolite. Mechanistic studies reveal that Y<sup>3+</sup> promotes C = O bond cleavage in anhydride molecules through adsorption polarization to generate C<sup>+</sup> intermediates, while simultaneously enhancing the proton acidity of adjacent Brønsted acid sites via electronic induction effects. Under Lewis acid regulation, neighboring Si-OH-Al sites precisely donate protons to the α-position of anthraquinone, forming C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>+</sup> intermediates. The synergistic cooperation between dual acids reduces the acylation reaction energy barrier to 32.8 kcal/mol (a 24.1 kcal/mol reduction compared to Hβ zeolite), significantly accelerating reaction kinetics. Under optimized conditions (250 °C, 5 h), the reaction achieves 82.6% conversion and 80.6% selectivity, demonstrating 50.6% improvement in catalytic efficiency over Hβ zeolite. Regeneration tests verify that the Y-Hβ catalyst maintains over 90% initial activity after 5 cycles, attributed to the high stability of Y-O-Si bonds and exceptional anti-coking performance, highlighting its promising industrial application potential.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05019-3
Qing Sun, Bingtian Huang, Liancheng Bing, Dezhi Han, Guangjian Wang, Fang Wang
A series of zinc-aluminium binary adsorbents with different Zn/Al ratio were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and their performance in removing 1-chlorooctane from model oils by adsorption reaction under the temperature range 30 °C–180 °C was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were analyzed by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Pyridine-IR, N2 adsorption, NH3-TPD, liquid infrared and ion chromatography. The results showed that a large number of hydroxyl groups (or adsorbed H2O) existed on the surface of the adsorbent and its surface acid was mainly Lewis acid, and the Zn/Al ratio affected the morphology, specific surface area and acid content of the adsorbent. The sample ZnAl-LDO-2 with Zn/Al ratio of 2:1 exhibited the best dechlorination and regeneration performance. The increase of Lewis acid amount and the relatively higher hydroxyl groups and specific surface area were confirmed to be responsible for excellent dechlorination performance of ZnAl-LDO-2. Under reaction temperatures 150 °C, the organochlorine was converted into Cl− and the corresponding alcohol on the adsorbent. Based on the above analysis, a reaction mechanism for adsorption-based dechlorination was proposed.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Study on Deep Dechlorination and Reaction Mechanism of Oil on Zn–Al Layered Bimetallic Oxides","authors":"Qing Sun, Bingtian Huang, Liancheng Bing, Dezhi Han, Guangjian Wang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of zinc-aluminium binary adsorbents with different Zn/Al ratio were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and their performance in removing 1-chlorooctane from model oils by adsorption reaction under the temperature range 30 °C–180 °C was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were analyzed by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Pyridine-IR, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, liquid infrared and ion chromatography. The results showed that a large number of hydroxyl groups (or adsorbed H<sub>2</sub>O) existed on the surface of the adsorbent and its surface acid was mainly Lewis acid, and the Zn/Al ratio affected the morphology, specific surface area and acid content of the adsorbent. The sample ZnAl-LDO-2 with Zn/Al ratio of 2:1 exhibited the best dechlorination and regeneration performance. The increase of Lewis acid amount and the relatively higher hydroxyl groups and specific surface area were confirmed to be responsible for excellent dechlorination performance of ZnAl-LDO-2. Under reaction temperatures 150 °C, the organochlorine was converted into Cl<sup>−</sup> and the corresponding alcohol on the adsorbent. Based on the above analysis, a reaction mechanism for adsorption-based dechlorination was proposed.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05006-8
Raji Vadakkekara
This article reports a facile, fluoride-free hydrothermal synthesis of highly active anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a high percentage of (001) facets. These (001)-faceted TiO2 catalysts exhibit remarkable activity in the visible-light-induced oxidation of various amines, including aliphatic, primary, secondary amines, and N-heterocycles, as well as in amine cross-coupling reactions under ambient air conditions. The high reactivity is attributed to the formation of a surface complex between the amine and the TiO2 (001) facet, which acts as a visible-light sensitizer, modifying the band structure of TiO2 and facilitating efficient charge separation and subsequent oxidation processes. Notably, these reactions proceed effectively under visible light irradiation despite the inherent UV-light absorption of TiO2. The catalyst demonstrates excellent recyclability with minimal activity loss over six cycles and can be utilized for the gram-scale synthesis of imines, making it a promising and sustainable approach for amine oxidation reactions.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Visible Light Driven Aerobic Oxidation of Amines and N-Heterocycles Catalyzed by (001) Facet Rich TiO2 Nanocrystals","authors":"Raji Vadakkekara","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05006-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05006-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reports a facile, fluoride-free hydrothermal synthesis of highly active anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals with a high percentage of (001) facets. These (001)-faceted TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts exhibit remarkable activity in the visible-light-induced oxidation of various amines, including aliphatic, primary, secondary amines, and N-heterocycles, as well as in amine cross-coupling reactions under ambient air conditions. The high reactivity is attributed to the formation of a surface complex between the amine and the TiO<sub>2</sub> (001) facet, which acts as a visible-light sensitizer, modifying the band structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> and facilitating efficient charge separation and subsequent oxidation processes. Notably, these reactions proceed effectively under visible light irradiation despite the inherent UV-light absorption of TiO<sub>2</sub>. The catalyst demonstrates excellent recyclability with minimal activity loss over six cycles and can be utilized for the gram-scale synthesis of imines, making it a promising and sustainable approach for amine oxidation reactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05009-5
Muhammad Yasar, Aseel A. Kadhem, Fuad M. Alzahrani, Kinza Fatima, Aminjon Kalandarov, Achilova Liliya, Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Muhammad Madni
The widespread contamination of water bodies with atrazine, a persistent herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating efficient treatment methods. In this study, Ni-doped Sr0.8−xBa0.2Fe2O4 (X = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method for the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of the spinel ferrite structure, with crystallite sizes decreasing from 37.4391 to 24.506 nm upon Ni doping. FTIR spectroscopy revealed systematic shifts in metal–oxygen vibration bands, while BET analysis showed maximum surface area (31.54 m2/g) at x = 0.4. The band gap decreased from 2.19 to 1.95 eV with optimal Ni doping (x = 0.4), enhancing visible light absorption. Photodegradation studies demonstrated complete atrazine removal within 75 min using Ni0.4Sr0.4Ba0.2Fe2O4 under visible-light irradiation. The degradation efficiency was influenced by various parameters, including pH, catalyst dosage, temperature, and H2O2 concentration. The scavenger analysis identified hydroxyl radicals (HO*) as the primary active species in the degradation mechanism. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability and maintained 94.23% efficiency after five cycles. Kinetic studies revealed that degradation followed first-order reaction kinetics (R2 = 0.97951). The superior photocatalytic performance of Ni0.4Sr0.4Ba0.2Fe2O4, achieved with a minimal catalyst loading (0.01 mg), makes it a promising material for environmental remediation applications.
{"title":"Influence of Nickel Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity of Strontium Barium Ferrite for the Degradation of Atrazine under Photon-Fenton System","authors":"Muhammad Yasar, Aseel A. Kadhem, Fuad M. Alzahrani, Kinza Fatima, Aminjon Kalandarov, Achilova Liliya, Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Muhammad Madni","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05009-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread contamination of water bodies with atrazine, a persistent herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating efficient treatment methods. In this study, Ni-doped Sr<sub>0.8−x</sub>Ba<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (X = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method for the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of the spinel ferrite structure, with crystallite sizes decreasing from 37.4391 to 24.506 nm upon Ni doping. FTIR spectroscopy revealed systematic shifts in metal–oxygen vibration bands, while BET analysis showed maximum surface area (31.54 m<sup>2</sup>/g) at x = 0.4. The band gap decreased from 2.19 to 1.95 eV with optimal Ni doping (x = 0.4), enhancing visible light absorption. Photodegradation studies demonstrated complete atrazine removal within 75 min using Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Ba<sub>0.2</sub>F<sub>e2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> under visible-light irradiation. The degradation efficiency was influenced by various parameters, including pH, catalyst dosage, temperature, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration. The scavenger analysis identified hydroxyl radicals (HO*) as the primary active species in the degradation mechanism. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability and maintained 94.23% efficiency after five cycles. Kinetic studies revealed that degradation followed first-order reaction kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97951). The superior photocatalytic performance of Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Ba<sub>0.2</sub>F<sub>e2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, achieved with a minimal catalyst loading (0.01 mg), makes it a promising material for environmental remediation applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogs was developed using a microwave approach, utilizing Carissa edulis fruit extract stabilized NiTiO3 nanoparticles decorated with a bentonite clay (NiTiO3/bentonite) composite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst. A facile ultrasonication method was employed to prepare different loading of NiTiO3/bentonite composites (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Owing to its high surface area and active sites the NiTiO3/bentonite composite was demonstrated to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst that provides high yields of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. The moderate surface area and active sites, chemical states, high thermal stability, and purity of the NiTiO3/bentonite composites were confirmed using BET, XPS, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. FE-SEM and elemental mapping were performed. HR-TEM analysis revealed that the NiTiO3 nanoparticles had an aggregated spherical shape with an average particle size of 22 nm and a d-spacing of 0.21 nm. Various optimization parameters, including solvent, catalyst type, catalyst loading, temperature, microwave power was explored for synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. Mechanistic investigation reveals that initially, the aldehyde and ketone produce α, β-unsaturated ketone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Resulting intermediate reacts with 2-aminobenzimidazole followed by intramolecular cyclization and dehydrogenation process yielding the final product. The optimal NiTiO3/bentonite catalyst achieved up to 94% yield with high turnover number and turnover frequency. Remarkably, the prepared heterogenous catalyst shows high catalytic activity, offering excellent yields even after six recycling cycles.
Graphical Abstract
NiTiO3/Bentonite catalyst used Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine’s
{"title":"Bentonite Supported NiTiO3 Composite as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis 2,4-Disubstituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine","authors":"Periasamy Vinoth Kumar, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Gunabalan Madhumitha","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05016-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogs was developed using a microwave approach, utilizing <i>Carissa edulis</i> fruit extract stabilized NiTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles decorated with a bentonite clay (NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/bentonite) composite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst. A facile ultrasonication method was employed to prepare different loading of NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/bentonite composites (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Owing to its high surface area and active sites the NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/bentonite composite was demonstrated to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst that provides high yields of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. The moderate surface area and active sites, chemical states, high thermal stability, and purity of the NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/bentonite composites were confirmed using BET, XPS, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. FE-SEM and elemental mapping were performed. HR-TEM analysis revealed that the NiTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles had an aggregated spherical shape with an average particle size of 22 nm and a d-spacing of 0.21 nm. Various optimization parameters, including solvent, catalyst type, catalyst loading, temperature, microwave power was explored for synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. Mechanistic investigation reveals that initially, the aldehyde and ketone produce α, β-unsaturated ketone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Resulting intermediate reacts with 2-aminobenzimidazole followed by intramolecular cyclization and dehydrogenation process yielding the final product. The optimal NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/bentonite catalyst achieved up to 94% yield with high turnover number and turnover frequency. Remarkably, the prepared heterogenous catalyst shows high catalytic activity, offering excellent yields even after six recycling cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>NiTiO<sub>3</sub>/Bentonite catalyst used Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine’s</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05020-w
R. Dhanabal, B. Ramya, J. Yamini, P. Painthamizh Pavai, P. Gomathi Priya
In this work we have studied the effect of photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by using Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Strontium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticle has been synthesized by microwave assisted co-precipitation method (Piper nigrum seed extract). The crystallite size and formation of nanoparticles were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. Ultra violet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals the band gap of synthesized nanoparticles and the morphology of the nanoparticles have been examined by using scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of both the nanoparticles has been evaluated by degradation of malachite green dye (synthetic). For the removal efficiency dye concentration, pH, catalyst concentration has been taken into account. From the results it has been found that ZnO–Sr nanocomposites exhibits higher removal efficiency of 90% than ZnO nanoparticles (64.3%) at initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 100 mg and at 6 pH. From this work it has been found that doping of Strontium into Zinc oxide nanoparticles increases the efficiency of ZnO.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye by Using Microwave Synthesized ZnO and Sr Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comparative Study","authors":"R. Dhanabal, B. Ramya, J. Yamini, P. Painthamizh Pavai, P. Gomathi Priya","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05020-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work we have studied the effect of photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by using Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Strontium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticle has been synthesized by microwave assisted co-precipitation method (<i>Piper nigrum</i> seed extract). The crystallite size and formation of nanoparticles were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. Ultra violet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals the band gap of synthesized nanoparticles and the morphology of the nanoparticles have been examined by using scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of both the nanoparticles has been evaluated by degradation of malachite green dye (synthetic). For the removal efficiency dye concentration, pH, catalyst concentration has been taken into account. From the results it has been found that ZnO–Sr nanocomposites exhibits higher removal efficiency of 90% than ZnO nanoparticles (64.3%) at initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 100 mg and at 6 pH. From this work it has been found that doping of Strontium into Zinc oxide nanoparticles increases the efficiency of ZnO.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05012-w
Tao Liu, Guangming Zhou, Bingyan Yu, Lihu Fu, Simiao Yu, Zhenjie Xu, Gang Lu
To address the problem of dye wastewater pollution, hierarchical porous alumina ceramics (HPAC) were prepared as carriers in this study by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing combined with the freeze-drying method. The results showed that the hierarchical porous alumina ceramics with a porogenic agent content of 33 wt% exhibited the highest porosity of 34.20% ± 1.22% and a pore size of 2–5 nm. An efficient photocatalytic system was constructed by loading nickel oxide nanoparticles (n-NiO) via the sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalytic carriers and photocatalysts were characterized for structural and morphological analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that n-NiO/HPAC with 15.43% NiO loading achieved optimal performance in methylene blue (MB) degradation experiments, with the MB degradation rate reaching 94.51%. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of porous-material-loaded n-NiO photocatalysts in dye wastewater treatment.
Graphical abstract
{"title":"Preparation of Nickel Oxide-Loaded Hierarchical Porous Alumina Ceramic for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue","authors":"Tao Liu, Guangming Zhou, Bingyan Yu, Lihu Fu, Simiao Yu, Zhenjie Xu, Gang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05012-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05012-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the problem of dye wastewater pollution, hierarchical porous alumina ceramics (HPAC) were prepared as carriers in this study by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing combined with the freeze-drying method. The results showed that the hierarchical porous alumina ceramics with a porogenic agent content of 33 wt% exhibited the highest porosity of 34.20% ± 1.22% and a pore size of 2–5 nm. An efficient photocatalytic system was constructed by loading nickel oxide nanoparticles (n-NiO) via the sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalytic carriers and photocatalysts were characterized for structural and morphological analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that n-NiO/HPAC with 15.43% NiO loading achieved optimal performance in methylene blue (MB) degradation experiments, with the MB degradation rate reaching 94.51%. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of porous-material-loaded n-NiO photocatalysts in dye wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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