Catalysis Letters最新文献

{"title":"Bentonite Supported NiTiO3 Composite as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis 2,4-Disubstituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine","authors":"Periasamy Vinoth Kumar,&nbsp;Selvaraj Mohana Roopan,&nbsp;Gunabalan Madhumitha","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05016-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogs was developed using a microwave approach, utilizing <i>Carissa edulis</i> fruit extract stabilized NiTiO₃ nanoparticles decorated with a bentonite clay (NiTiO₃/bentonite) composite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst. A facile ultrasonication method was employed to prepare different loading of NiTiO₃/bentonite composites (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Owing to its high surface area and active sites the NiTiO₃/bentonite composite was demonstrated to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst that provides high yields of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. The moderate surface area and active sites, chemical states, high thermal stability, and purity of the NiTiO₃/bentonite composites were confirmed using BET, XPS, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. FE-SEM and elemental mapping were performed. HR-TEM analysis revealed that the NiTiO₃ nanoparticles had an aggregated spherical shape with an average particle size of 22 nm and a d-spacing of 0.21 nm. Various optimization parameters, including solvent, catalyst type, catalyst loading, temperature, microwave power was explored for synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. Mechanistic investigation reveals that initially, the aldehyde and ketone produce α, β-unsaturated ketone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Resulting intermediate reacts with 2-aminobenzimidazole followed by intramolecular cyclization and dehydrogenation process yielding the final product. The optimal NiTiO₃/bentonite catalyst achieved up to 94% yield with high turnover number and turnover frequency. Remarkably, the prepared heterogenous catalyst shows high catalytic activity, offering excellent yields even after six recycling cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>NiTiO₃/Bentonite catalyst used Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine’s</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye by Using Microwave Synthesized ZnO and Sr Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comparative Study","authors":"R. Dhanabal,&nbsp;B. Ramya,&nbsp;J. Yamini,&nbsp;P. Painthamizh Pavai,&nbsp;P. Gomathi Priya","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05020-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work we have studied the effect of photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by using Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Strontium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticle has been synthesized by microwave assisted co-precipitation method (<i>Piper nigrum</i> seed extract). The crystallite size and formation of nanoparticles were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. Ultra violet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals the band gap of synthesized nanoparticles and the morphology of the nanoparticles have been examined by using scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of both the nanoparticles has been evaluated by degradation of malachite green dye (synthetic). For the removal efficiency dye concentration, pH, catalyst concentration has been taken into account. From the results it has been found that ZnO–Sr nanocomposites exhibits higher removal efficiency of 90% than ZnO nanoparticles (64.3%) at initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 100 mg and at 6 pH. From this work it has been found that doping of Strontium into Zinc oxide nanoparticles increases the efficiency of ZnO.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Nickel Oxide-Loaded Hierarchical Porous Alumina Ceramic for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue","authors":"Tao Liu,&nbsp;Guangming Zhou,&nbsp;Bingyan Yu,&nbsp;Lihu Fu,&nbsp;Simiao Yu,&nbsp;Zhenjie Xu,&nbsp;Gang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05012-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05012-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the problem of dye wastewater pollution, hierarchical porous alumina ceramics (HPAC) were prepared as carriers in this study by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing combined with the freeze-drying method. The results showed that the hierarchical porous alumina ceramics with a porogenic agent content of 33 wt% exhibited the highest porosity of 34.20% ± 1.22% and a pore size of 2–5 nm. An efficient photocatalytic system was constructed by loading nickel oxide nanoparticles (n-NiO) via the sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalytic carriers and photocatalysts were characterized for structural and morphological analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that n-NiO/HPAC with 15.43% NiO loading achieved optimal performance in methylene blue (MB) degradation experiments, with the MB degradation rate reaching 94.51%. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of porous-material-loaded n-NiO photocatalysts in dye wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Synthesis of Ag-Doped g-C3N4/NiFe-LDH Photocatalyst via Spin Disc Reactor for Enhanced RhB Dye Degradation","authors":"Kamran Alam,&nbsp;Khurram Imran Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Shozab Mehdi,&nbsp;Abdul Wahab,&nbsp;Sajjad Haider,&nbsp;Marco Stoller","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05005-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of semiconductors for photocatalysis is rising as they can harness sunlight as a renewable energy source to counter clean energy and environmental challenges. However, we are still unable to produce efficient catalysts at the industrial level. For this study, we propose a novel synthesis approach for photocatalysts via a spin disk reactor. The reactor provides a continuous and scalable fabrication route for bimetallic photocatalysts, presented for the first time in this study. In contrast to conventional batch synthesis, the spin disk reactor ensures enhanced uniformity and reproducibility. A z-scheme heterojunction was constructed between NiFe-LDH and g-C₃N₄ nanosheets to mitigate the <span>(:{e}^{-}/{h}^{+})</span> recombination. The doping with Ag nanoparticles enhanced the charge transportation and separation, leading to augmented activity. Further, the photocatalysts were tested for Rhodamine B degradation, a known textile effluent severely affecting marine life. Relevant characterizations of the prepared catalysts were carried out, and the Ag-doped catalyst had the highest specific surface area of 89 m²/g of all prepared catalysts. The photocatalytic degradation of the Rhodamine B model solution demonstrated that the Ag-doped g-C₃N₄@NiFe-LDH displayed the highest degradation efficiency of 99% within 240 min, and it followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The properties and degradation performance of materials fabricated through a spin disk reactor are comparable to those reported in other pertinent studies. The remarkable charge mobility and elevated performance can be attributed to Ag’s local surface plasmon resonance effect. The research results are promising for developing efficient photocatalysts at an industrial scale for wastewater treatment applications. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of CeO2-CePO4 Denitration Catalyst with Wide Temperature Window by a Citric Acid-Assisted Precipitation Method","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Chang Yang,&nbsp;Kangkang Wang,&nbsp;Hu Liu,&nbsp;Huidong Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05017-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05017-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic activity window of conventional commercial V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ is too narrow, which is a main problem for selective catalytic reduction of NO_<i>x</i> by NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) catalysts. Herein, a series of CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> = 1–6) catalysts with wide temperature windows were prepared by a citric acid-assisted precipitation method. The series has the widest temperature window of 212.9-579.7^oC in which the NO conversion can exceed 80% when <i>x</i> is 4. Compared with the CeO₂-CePO₄ catalyst prepared without adding citric acid, CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-4 exhibits better water and sulfur resistance, lower SCR activation energy, and greater turnover frequency. The prepared catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction of H₂ (H₂-TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ (NH₃-TPD). Results showed that the CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-4 composites had more uniform mesoporous pore size and higher Ce³⁺ and surface adsorbed oxygen content, higher H₂ consumption, and greater number of acidic sites than CeO₂-CePO₄. All of those are conducive to redox performance enhancement, thus improving the NH₃-SCR reactivity and water and sulfur resistance of the catalyst. CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-4 with a wide temperature window as well as good SO₂ resistance shows good prospects in industrial applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Comparison of the NO conversions of the catalysts. We prepared a series of CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> = 1–6) catalysts with wide temperature windows using a citric acid-assisted precipitation method. The series has the widest temperature window of 212.9-579.7^oC in which the NO conversion can exceed 80% when <i>x</i> is 4. Compared with the CeO₂-CePO₄ catalyst prepared without adding citric acid, CeO₂-CePO₄-CA-4 exhibits better water and sulfur resistance, lower SCR activation energy, and greater turnover frequency</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Dispersed Pt Nanoparticles on TiO2 Support Using Fluidic Dynamic Process for Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Acetate and Carbon Monoxide","authors":"Hong Jun Park,&nbsp;Wonmin Choi,&nbsp;Juwon Seok,&nbsp;Jinwu Jang,&nbsp;Jo Hee Yoon,&nbsp;Bong Gill Choi","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05018-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05018-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalytic oxidation is considered an effective technology for removing harmful chemicals without the formation of secondary pollutants. Substrate-supported noble metal catalysts offer superior activity toward carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. In this study, a Pt catalyst deposited on a TiO₂ was prepared using a fluid dynamics reactor with a reaction time of less than 5 h. The dynamic mixing process facilitates the uniform distribution of Pt particles on the TiO₂ support, thereby enhancing the interaction between Pt and TiO₂. The as-obtained nanocomposite exhibited a high specific surface area and pore structure, which were favorable for achieving abundant active sites for catalytic oxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the improved electronic properties of Ti, O, and Pt. The catalyst exhibited excellent conversion efficiency (99%) for ethylene acetate and carbon monoxide at high gas hourly space velocities and low temperatures of 222 and 181 °C, respectively. This study provides important insights for overcoming the challenges associated with the uniform dispersion of noble metal nanoparticles in catalytic applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ Growth of NiS Nanoparticles on CdS Nanorods for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Xingyu Lu,&nbsp;Jiahao Sun,&nbsp;Pengfei Yang,&nbsp;Xianjun Yang,&nbsp;Qin Hu,&nbsp;Liuyun Chen,&nbsp;Zuzeng Qin,&nbsp;Tongming Su","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05010-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05010-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CdS photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention in the area of photocatalytic hydrogen generation, yet their limited light absorption and charge transfer efficiencies still restrict their photocatalytic performance. In this study, NiS was grown on CdS to synthesize xNiS/CdS composites via a hydrothermal method and was used for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The introduction of NiS increased the light absorption intensity and broadened the light absorption range in the visible light region. In addition, a close contact interface formed between NiS and CdS, which accelerated the transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Furthermore, NiS acts as the electron aggregation center and active site for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the xNiS/CdS composites was greatly enhanced. Among the xNiS/CdS composites, the 0.5NiS/CdS composite exhibited the optimal photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 36.75 mmol·h^− 1·g^− 1, which was 7.84 times greater than that of CdS. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic H₂ production over xNiS/CdS is also proposed. This work provides new inspiration for the rational design of high-efficiency cocatalyst/CdS composites.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting the Photothermocatalytic Performance of Co3O4 by C-doping for Toluene Oxidation","authors":"Siyu Fang,&nbsp;Fuxin Liao,&nbsp;Zixin Chen,&nbsp;Sudi Yang,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Pan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05014-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05014-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photothermocatalytic oxidation technology stands out as one of the most environmentally friendly and effective approaches for VOC degradation, and the catalyst plays a pivotal role in this process. In this study, carbon-doped Co₃O₄ nanocomposites (C-Co₃O₄) were synthesized via the sol-gel method and employed for the photothermal degradation of toluene. The results reveal that the calcination temperature profoundly influences the photothermal catalytic performance of the materials. C-Co₃O₄-250, obtained by calcination at 250 °C, exhibits the largest specific surface area, superior low-temperature reduction capability, and enhanced oxygen species activity, leading to its optimal catalytic performance in the photothermal oxidation of toluene. Under a light intensity of 400 mW/cm², toluene conversion reaches 95%, and the CO₂ yield attains 80% on C-Co₃O₄-250 during continuous flow reactions, much higher than that of 18% and 10% on pure Co₃O₄.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance Ru Loaded MgO Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Pyrrole to Pyrrolidine","authors":"Juping Wang,&nbsp;Fengfan Zhu,&nbsp;Yu Qin,&nbsp;Yuan-Hao Zhu,&nbsp;Jiancheng Zhou,&nbsp;Naixu Li","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research is centered on the design and synthesis of a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst, 1%Ru-MgO- 400 °C, for the hydrogenation of pyrrole to pyrrolidine. As a key intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing and fine chemical production, pyrrolidine synthesis poses significant challenges in terms of efficiency. In this work, MgO was synthesized via the calcination of Mg(OH)₂, followed by the deposition of Ru onto MgO- 400 °C through a sodium borohydride reduction approach to produce the 1%Ru-MgO- 400 °C catalyst. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance under conditions of 170 °C and 3.5 MPa H₂ pressure, achieving complete conversion of pyrrole and a 100% yield of pyrrolidine. Advanced characterization methods such as XRD, TG, BET, SEM and HR-TEM were used to analyze the catalyst, revealing that the ruthenium nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the MgO carrier to form a highly dispersed active site, while the crystal structure of MgO remained intact with excellent thermal stability, providing a structural basis for the efficient performance of the catalyst. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited remarkable stability and retained high activity over multiple reaction cycles, highlighting its suitability for industrial-scale applications. The findings of this study contribute novel perspectives to the development of robust and efficient hydrogenation catalysts and present a sustainable approach for the environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrrolidine.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Salen Electrocatalysts for Electro-reduction of Carbon Dioxide","authors":"Kantima Chitchak,&nbsp;Kattarinya Jaisabuy,&nbsp;Parichatr Vanalabhpatana","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-04996-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-04996-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research focuses on utilizing and evaluating copper(II) salen as an electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide (CO₂) electro-reduction, compared to other metal salen complexes, including cobalt(II) salen and nickel(II) salen. Copper(II) salen was successfully synthesized, characterized, and applied as a homogeneous electrocatalyst for the electro-reduction of CO₂ in non-aqueous solution. The efficiency of metal salen electrocatalysts and the effect of central metal ions were discussed. Among the salen complexes, copper(II) salen showed the best electrocatalytic activity for CO₂ electro-reduction by giving the highest current enhancement in cyclic voltammetric studies. Under the optimized applied potential and the presence of HFIP as a proton donor, controlled-potential electrolysis of CO₂ by electrogenerated copper(I) species yielded carbon monoxide and methane in the gas phase as well as formate ion and oxalate ion in the liquid phase. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to reveal the morphological and structural information of the electrocatalyst.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}