Confirmation bias has been widely studied for its role in failures of reasoning. Individuals exhibiting confirmation bias fail to engage with information that contradicts their current beliefs, and, as a result, can fail to abandon inaccurate beliefs. But although most investigations of confirmation bias focus on individual learning, human knowledge is typically developed within a social structure. We use network models to show that moderate confirmation bias often improves group learning. However, a downside is that a stronger form of confirmation bias can hurt the knowledge producing capacity of the community.
{"title":"Can Confirmation Bias Improve Group Learning?","authors":"N. Gabriel, Cailin O’Connor","doi":"10.1017/psa.2023.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Confirmation bias has been widely studied for its role in failures of reasoning. Individuals exhibiting confirmation bias fail to engage with information that contradicts their current beliefs, and, as a result, can fail to abandon inaccurate beliefs. But although most investigations of confirmation bias focus on individual learning, human knowledge is typically developed within a social structure. We use network models to show that moderate confirmation bias often improves group learning. However, a downside is that a stronger form of confirmation bias can hurt the knowledge producing capacity of the community.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces the Snap Hook Methodology, a method implicitly used notably in astrochemistry to indirectly validate and assess the accuracy of computational calculations in the absence of experimental or observational data. We argue that this methodology has a tremendous potential as a substitute for traditional verification and validation standards, when those are not accessible and the reliability of numerical predictions difficult to estimate. Our goal is to give to this method a proper formulation, in order for philosophers of science to enter the debate, and to highlight its interesting features in terms of interdisciplinary facilitation and knowledge transmission.
{"title":"Navigating in the dark","authors":"Amélie Godard Palluet, Marie Gueguen","doi":"10.1017/psa.2023.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces the Snap Hook Methodology, a method implicitly used notably in astrochemistry to indirectly validate and assess the accuracy of computational calculations in the absence of experimental or observational data. We argue that this methodology has a tremendous potential as a substitute for traditional verification and validation standards, when those are not accessible and the reliability of numerical predictions difficult to estimate. Our goal is to give to this method a proper formulation, in order for philosophers of science to enter the debate, and to highlight its interesting features in terms of interdisciplinary facilitation and knowledge transmission.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PSA volume 91 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/psa.2023.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PSA volume 91 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/psa.2023.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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