Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951
Meng-Zhi Gu, Zhi-Cheng Lei, Xuan Zhang, Yi-kang Pu
Azimuthal transient striations are reported for inductively coupled Ar plasma during E-to-H transition at 200 mTorr. In this transient process, the number of striations increases with time, and striations ultimately disappear when the H mode is reached. An integrated model is developed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. This integrated model incorporates a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid model with a perturbation analysis, as well as a circuit model for power coupling with the external radio-frequency driving source. Based on this integrated model, the development of striations is proposed to be a consequence of ionization instability due to the variation in the electron energy distribution function. The model results for the temporal evolution of the number of striations are in good agreement with the observed data.
报告了电感耦合氩等离子体在 200 mTorr 的 E 到 H 转变过程中的方位瞬态条纹。在这一瞬态过程中，条纹数量随时间增加，当达到 H 模式时，条纹最终消失。为了研究这一现象的机理，我们建立了一个综合模型。该综合模型包含一个带有扰动分析的一维时变流体模型，以及一个与外部射频驱动源进行功率耦合的电路模型。根据这一综合模型，提出了条纹的形成是电子能量分布函数变化导致的电离不稳定性的结果。关于条纹数量时间演变的模型结果与观测数据十分吻合。
{"title":"Transient striations in an inductively coupled plasma during E-to-H transitions","authors":"Meng-Zhi Gu, Zhi-Cheng Lei, Xuan Zhang, Yi-kang Pu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Azimuthal transient striations are reported for inductively coupled Ar plasma during E-to-H transition at 200 mTorr. In this transient process, the number of striations increases with time, and striations ultimately disappear when the H mode is reached. An integrated model is developed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. This integrated model incorporates a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid model with a perturbation analysis, as well as a circuit model for power coupling with the external radio-frequency driving source. Based on this integrated model, the development of striations is proposed to be a consequence of ionization instability due to the variation in the electron energy distribution function. The model results for the temporal evolution of the number of striations are in good agreement with the observed data.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"132 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951
Meng-Zhi Gu, Zhi-Cheng Lei, Xuan Zhang, Yi-kang Pu
Azimuthal transient striations are reported for inductively coupled Ar plasma during E-to-H transition at 200 mTorr. In this transient process, the number of striations increases with time, and striations ultimately disappear when the H mode is reached. An integrated model is developed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. This integrated model incorporates a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid model with a perturbation analysis, as well as a circuit model for power coupling with the external radio-frequency driving source. Based on this integrated model, the development of striations is proposed to be a consequence of ionization instability due to the variation in the electron energy distribution function. The model results for the temporal evolution of the number of striations are in good agreement with the observed data.
报告了电感耦合氩等离子体在 200 mTorr 的 E 到 H 转变过程中的方位瞬态条纹。在这一瞬态过程中，条纹数量随时间增加，当达到 H 模式时，条纹最终消失。为了研究这一现象的机理，我们建立了一个综合模型。该综合模型包含一个带有扰动分析的一维时变流体模型，以及一个与外部射频驱动源进行功率耦合的电路模型。根据这一综合模型，提出了条纹的形成是电子能量分布函数变化导致的电离不稳定性的结果。关于条纹数量时间演变的模型结果与观测数据十分吻合。
{"title":"Transient striations in an inductively coupled plasma during E-to-H transitions","authors":"Meng-Zhi Gu, Zhi-Cheng Lei, Xuan Zhang, Yi-kang Pu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad2951","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Azimuthal transient striations are reported for inductively coupled Ar plasma during E-to-H transition at 200 mTorr. In this transient process, the number of striations increases with time, and striations ultimately disappear when the H mode is reached. An integrated model is developed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. This integrated model incorporates a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid model with a perturbation analysis, as well as a circuit model for power coupling with the external radio-frequency driving source. Based on this integrated model, the development of striations is proposed to be a consequence of ionization instability due to the variation in the electron energy distribution function. The model results for the temporal evolution of the number of striations are in good agreement with the observed data.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f
A. Herrmann, Joelle Margot, A. Hamdan
The high reactivity and attractive properties of streamer discharges make them useful in many applications based on plasma-surface interactions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing the propagation of a streamer discharge as well as its properties is an essential task. This paper presents the development and application of a 2D fluid model to the simulation of discharges triggered at the air-water interface by a pulsed nanosecond high voltage. Experimental characterization using 1-ns-time-resolved imaging reveals rapid transitions from a homogeneous disc to a ring and finally to dots during the discharge process. The simulation enables the determination of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the E-field and electron density, highlighting that the discharge reaches the liquid surface in less than 1 ns, triggering a radial surface discharge. As the discharge propagates along/over the water surface, a sheath forms behind its head. Furthermore, the simulation elucidates the transitions from disc to ring and from ring to dots. The former transition arises from the ionization front's propagation speed, where an initial disc-like feature changes to a ring due to the decreasing E-field strength. The ring-to-dots transition results from the destabilization caused by radial electron avalanches as the discharge head reaches a radius of ~1. 5 mm. The simulation is further utilized to estimate a charge number and a charge content in the discharge head. This work contributes to a better understanding of discharge propagation in air near a dielectric surface, with the agreement between simulation and experiment validating the model in its present version.
{"title":"Experimental and 2D fluid simulation of a streamer discharge in air over a water surface","authors":"A. Herrmann, Joelle Margot, A. Hamdan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The high reactivity and attractive properties of streamer discharges make them useful in many applications based on plasma-surface interactions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing the propagation of a streamer discharge as well as its properties is an essential task. This paper presents the development and application of a 2D fluid model to the simulation of discharges triggered at the air-water interface by a pulsed nanosecond high voltage. Experimental characterization using 1-ns-time-resolved imaging reveals rapid transitions from a homogeneous disc to a ring and finally to dots during the discharge process. The simulation enables the determination of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the E-field and electron density, highlighting that the discharge reaches the liquid surface in less than 1 ns, triggering a radial surface discharge. As the discharge propagates along/over the water surface, a sheath forms behind its head. Furthermore, the simulation elucidates the transitions from disc to ring and from ring to dots. The former transition arises from the ionization front's propagation speed, where an initial disc-like feature changes to a ring due to the decreasing E-field strength. The ring-to-dots transition results from the destabilization caused by radial electron avalanches as the discharge head reaches a radius of ~1. 5 mm. The simulation is further utilized to estimate a charge number and a charge content in the discharge head. This work contributes to a better understanding of discharge propagation in air near a dielectric surface, with the agreement between simulation and experiment validating the model in its present version.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"76 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f
A. Herrmann, Joelle Margot, A. Hamdan
The high reactivity and attractive properties of streamer discharges make them useful in many applications based on plasma-surface interactions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing the propagation of a streamer discharge as well as its properties is an essential task. This paper presents the development and application of a 2D fluid model to the simulation of discharges triggered at the air-water interface by a pulsed nanosecond high voltage. Experimental characterization using 1-ns-time-resolved imaging reveals rapid transitions from a homogeneous disc to a ring and finally to dots during the discharge process. The simulation enables the determination of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the E-field and electron density, highlighting that the discharge reaches the liquid surface in less than 1 ns, triggering a radial surface discharge. As the discharge propagates along/over the water surface, a sheath forms behind its head. Furthermore, the simulation elucidates the transitions from disc to ring and from ring to dots. The former transition arises from the ionization front's propagation speed, where an initial disc-like feature changes to a ring due to the decreasing E-field strength. The ring-to-dots transition results from the destabilization caused by radial electron avalanches as the discharge head reaches a radius of ~1. 5 mm. The simulation is further utilized to estimate a charge number and a charge content in the discharge head. This work contributes to a better understanding of discharge propagation in air near a dielectric surface, with the agreement between simulation and experiment validating the model in its present version.
{"title":"Experimental and 2D fluid simulation of a streamer discharge in air over a water surface","authors":"A. Herrmann, Joelle Margot, A. Hamdan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The high reactivity and attractive properties of streamer discharges make them useful in many applications based on plasma-surface interactions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms governing the propagation of a streamer discharge as well as its properties is an essential task. This paper presents the development and application of a 2D fluid model to the simulation of discharges triggered at the air-water interface by a pulsed nanosecond high voltage. Experimental characterization using 1-ns-time-resolved imaging reveals rapid transitions from a homogeneous disc to a ring and finally to dots during the discharge process. The simulation enables the determination of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the E-field and electron density, highlighting that the discharge reaches the liquid surface in less than 1 ns, triggering a radial surface discharge. As the discharge propagates along/over the water surface, a sheath forms behind its head. Furthermore, the simulation elucidates the transitions from disc to ring and from ring to dots. The former transition arises from the ionization front's propagation speed, where an initial disc-like feature changes to a ring due to the decreasing E-field strength. The ring-to-dots transition results from the destabilization caused by radial electron avalanches as the discharge head reaches a radius of ~1. 5 mm. The simulation is further utilized to estimate a charge number and a charge content in the discharge head. This work contributes to a better understanding of discharge propagation in air near a dielectric surface, with the agreement between simulation and experiment validating the model in its present version.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"49 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d
Hyundong Eo, Sung Joon Park, Ju Ho Kim, Chin-Wook Chung
The harmonic method using a symmetric double probe was developed for measuring electron temperature and ion density (Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 085001). When an alternating voltage is applied to the symmetric double probe where the two areas of the collector for current collection are equal, the fundamental frequency current and third harmonic currents are generated. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the third harmonic current. However, it is observed that the third harmonic current can rapidly decrease to the level of base noise when the ratio of the applied voltage to the electron temperature decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the harmonic currents generated to improve measurement accuracy for electron temperature and ion density. In this paper, a harmonic method using an asymmetric double probe with different collection areas is proposed to measure electron temperature and ion density. By using the double probe with different collector area, the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current are generated. In the proposed method, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current. It is found that the accuracy of the electron temperature can be improved by measuring the second harmonic rather than measuring the third harmonic current. For quantitative comparison, the electron temperature and ion density obtained by the proposed method were compared with the electron temperature and electron density obtained by the measurement electron energy probability function, which showed good agreement between them in argon plasma at various conditions. In addition, it was experimentally verified that the electron temperature can be accurately measured even when the chamber is electrically insulated, and a dielectric layer is deposited on the collectors of the double probe, such as in the plasma process.
{"title":"A harmonic method for measuring electron temperature and ion density using an asymmetric double probe","authors":"Hyundong Eo, Sung Joon Park, Ju Ho Kim, Chin-Wook Chung","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The harmonic method using a symmetric double probe was developed for measuring electron temperature and ion density (Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 085001). When an alternating voltage is applied to the symmetric double probe where the two areas of the collector for current collection are equal, the fundamental frequency current and third harmonic currents are generated. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the third harmonic current. However, it is observed that the third harmonic current can rapidly decrease to the level of base noise when the ratio of the applied voltage to the electron temperature decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the harmonic currents generated to improve measurement accuracy for electron temperature and ion density. In this paper, a harmonic method using an asymmetric double probe with different collection areas is proposed to measure electron temperature and ion density. By using the double probe with different collector area, the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current are generated. In the proposed method, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current. It is found that the accuracy of the electron temperature can be improved by measuring the second harmonic rather than measuring the third harmonic current. For quantitative comparison, the electron temperature and ion density obtained by the proposed method were compared with the electron temperature and electron density obtained by the measurement electron energy probability function, which showed good agreement between them in argon plasma at various conditions. In addition, it was experimentally verified that the electron temperature can be accurately measured even when the chamber is electrically insulated, and a dielectric layer is deposited on the collectors of the double probe, such as in the plasma process.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"68 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e
Mehrnoush Narimisa, Yuliia Onyshchenko, Ivana Sremački, A. Nikiforov, R. Morent, N. De Geyter
The quest to employ cold plasma sources at atmospheric pressure in polymer processing has emerged as a potent driving force behind their development. Atmospheric pressure operation of plasma jets provides potential cost reductions as well as easier handling and maintenance. In addition, their unique advantage of remote operation allows the substrate to be placed outside the source boundaries. This latter feature makes it easier to process complex three-dimensional objects and to integrate plasma jets into existing production lines. Although conventional atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) sources have undergone significant advancements in their design and construction, they have reached their technical and technological thresholds in several domains, thereby also impeding further enhancements in material processing applications. To cope with this issue, this work introduces a promising APPJ (named MPPJ3) working in a three co-axial gas layer geometry, incorporating the capability of aerosol and shield gas introduction leading to a configuration rich in reactive plasma species with controllable size and suitable temperature for polymer processing. A parametric study on the novel MPPJ3 device is carried out and plasma characteristics, such as reactive plasma species and temperatures, are determined by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), laser scattering, and infrared (IR) camera imaging whereas the fluid dynamics are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Schlieren imaging. The obtained promising results clearly show the flexibility and adaptability of the MPPJ3 device for polymer processing applications.
{"title":"Diagnostics and characterization of a novel multi gas layer RF atmospheric pressure plasma jet for polymer processing","authors":"Mehrnoush Narimisa, Yuliia Onyshchenko, Ivana Sremački, A. Nikiforov, R. Morent, N. De Geyter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The quest to employ cold plasma sources at atmospheric pressure in polymer processing has emerged as a potent driving force behind their development. Atmospheric pressure operation of plasma jets provides potential cost reductions as well as easier handling and maintenance. In addition, their unique advantage of remote operation allows the substrate to be placed outside the source boundaries. This latter feature makes it easier to process complex three-dimensional objects and to integrate plasma jets into existing production lines. Although conventional atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) sources have undergone significant advancements in their design and construction, they have reached their technical and technological thresholds in several domains, thereby also impeding further enhancements in material processing applications. To cope with this issue, this work introduces a promising APPJ (named MPPJ3) working in a three co-axial gas layer geometry, incorporating the capability of aerosol and shield gas introduction leading to a configuration rich in reactive plasma species with controllable size and suitable temperature for polymer processing. A parametric study on the novel MPPJ3 device is carried out and plasma characteristics, such as reactive plasma species and temperatures, are determined by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), laser scattering, and infrared (IR) camera imaging whereas the fluid dynamics are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Schlieren imaging. The obtained promising results clearly show the flexibility and adaptability of the MPPJ3 device for polymer processing applications.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d
Hyundong Eo, Sung Joon Park, Ju Ho Kim, Chin-Wook Chung
The harmonic method using a symmetric double probe was developed for measuring electron temperature and ion density (Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 085001). When an alternating voltage is applied to the symmetric double probe where the two areas of the collector for current collection are equal, the fundamental frequency current and third harmonic currents are generated. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the third harmonic current. However, it is observed that the third harmonic current can rapidly decrease to the level of base noise when the ratio of the applied voltage to the electron temperature decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the harmonic currents generated to improve measurement accuracy for electron temperature and ion density. In this paper, a harmonic method using an asymmetric double probe with different collection areas is proposed to measure electron temperature and ion density. By using the double probe with different collector area, the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current are generated. In the proposed method, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current. It is found that the accuracy of the electron temperature can be improved by measuring the second harmonic rather than measuring the third harmonic current. For quantitative comparison, the electron temperature and ion density obtained by the proposed method were compared with the electron temperature and electron density obtained by the measurement electron energy probability function, which showed good agreement between them in argon plasma at various conditions. In addition, it was experimentally verified that the electron temperature can be accurately measured even when the chamber is electrically insulated, and a dielectric layer is deposited on the collectors of the double probe, such as in the plasma process.
{"title":"A harmonic method for measuring electron temperature and ion density using an asymmetric double probe","authors":"Hyundong Eo, Sung Joon Park, Ju Ho Kim, Chin-Wook Chung","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The harmonic method using a symmetric double probe was developed for measuring electron temperature and ion density (Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 085001). When an alternating voltage is applied to the symmetric double probe where the two areas of the collector for current collection are equal, the fundamental frequency current and third harmonic currents are generated. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the third harmonic current. However, it is observed that the third harmonic current can rapidly decrease to the level of base noise when the ratio of the applied voltage to the electron temperature decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the harmonic currents generated to improve measurement accuracy for electron temperature and ion density. In this paper, a harmonic method using an asymmetric double probe with different collection areas is proposed to measure electron temperature and ion density. By using the double probe with different collector area, the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current are generated. In the proposed method, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current. It is found that the accuracy of the electron temperature can be improved by measuring the second harmonic rather than measuring the third harmonic current. For quantitative comparison, the electron temperature and ion density obtained by the proposed method were compared with the electron temperature and electron density obtained by the measurement electron energy probability function, which showed good agreement between them in argon plasma at various conditions. In addition, it was experimentally verified that the electron temperature can be accurately measured even when the chamber is electrically insulated, and a dielectric layer is deposited on the collectors of the double probe, such as in the plasma process.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"07 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e
Mehrnoush Narimisa, Yuliia Onyshchenko, Ivana Sremački, A. Nikiforov, R. Morent, N. De Geyter
The quest to employ cold plasma sources at atmospheric pressure in polymer processing has emerged as a potent driving force behind their development. Atmospheric pressure operation of plasma jets provides potential cost reductions as well as easier handling and maintenance. In addition, their unique advantage of remote operation allows the substrate to be placed outside the source boundaries. This latter feature makes it easier to process complex three-dimensional objects and to integrate plasma jets into existing production lines. Although conventional atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) sources have undergone significant advancements in their design and construction, they have reached their technical and technological thresholds in several domains, thereby also impeding further enhancements in material processing applications. To cope with this issue, this work introduces a promising APPJ (named MPPJ3) working in a three co-axial gas layer geometry, incorporating the capability of aerosol and shield gas introduction leading to a configuration rich in reactive plasma species with controllable size and suitable temperature for polymer processing. A parametric study on the novel MPPJ3 device is carried out and plasma characteristics, such as reactive plasma species and temperatures, are determined by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), laser scattering, and infrared (IR) camera imaging whereas the fluid dynamics are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Schlieren imaging. The obtained promising results clearly show the flexibility and adaptability of the MPPJ3 device for polymer processing applications.
{"title":"Diagnostics and characterization of a novel multi gas layer RF atmospheric pressure plasma jet for polymer processing","authors":"Mehrnoush Narimisa, Yuliia Onyshchenko, Ivana Sremački, A. Nikiforov, R. Morent, N. De Geyter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad286e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The quest to employ cold plasma sources at atmospheric pressure in polymer processing has emerged as a potent driving force behind their development. Atmospheric pressure operation of plasma jets provides potential cost reductions as well as easier handling and maintenance. In addition, their unique advantage of remote operation allows the substrate to be placed outside the source boundaries. This latter feature makes it easier to process complex three-dimensional objects and to integrate plasma jets into existing production lines. Although conventional atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) sources have undergone significant advancements in their design and construction, they have reached their technical and technological thresholds in several domains, thereby also impeding further enhancements in material processing applications. To cope with this issue, this work introduces a promising APPJ (named MPPJ3) working in a three co-axial gas layer geometry, incorporating the capability of aerosol and shield gas introduction leading to a configuration rich in reactive plasma species with controllable size and suitable temperature for polymer processing. A parametric study on the novel MPPJ3 device is carried out and plasma characteristics, such as reactive plasma species and temperatures, are determined by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), laser scattering, and infrared (IR) camera imaging whereas the fluid dynamics are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Schlieren imaging. The obtained promising results clearly show the flexibility and adaptability of the MPPJ3 device for polymer processing applications.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"6 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Packed bed dielectric barrier discharges exhibit an improved energy efficiency and selectivity in nonthermal plasma based gas conversion. They enable the direct interaction between plasma and catalyst. In this contribution a compact coaxial DBD reactor enabling the end-on imaging of the discharge with and without packed beds is constructed and studied. The discharge morphology is correlated with electrical measurements such as V-Q plots. The studies are performed for different packed bed materials, binary gas compositions of argon and carbon dioxide, voltage amplitudes, average powers, and pressures. The analysis points outs the role of parasitic capacitances and parasitic discharges as often overlooked aspects. The introduction of the packed bed material into the coaxial barrier discharge arrangement increases the total capacitance, but the barrier of the outer glass tube mostly determines the maximum effective dielectric capacitance. The choice of the packed bed material determines the voltage threshold and the average discharge power. The investigations leads to a revision of the equivalent circuit for packed bed barrier discharge reactors, which also accounts the properties of different filling materials.
{"title":"Electrical characterization and imaging of discharge morphology in a small-scale packed bed dielectric barrier discharge","authors":"Rezvan Hosseini Rad, Volker Brüser, Ronny Brandenburg","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad27ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad27ed","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Packed bed dielectric barrier discharges exhibit an improved energy efficiency and selectivity in nonthermal plasma based gas conversion. They enable the direct interaction between plasma and catalyst. In this contribution a compact coaxial DBD reactor enabling the end-on imaging of the discharge with and without packed beds is constructed and studied. The discharge morphology is correlated with electrical measurements such as V-Q plots. The studies are performed for different packed bed materials, binary gas compositions of argon and carbon dioxide, voltage amplitudes, average powers, and pressures. The analysis points outs the role of parasitic capacitances and parasitic discharges as often overlooked aspects. The introduction of the packed bed material into the coaxial barrier discharge arrangement increases the total capacitance, but the barrier of the outer glass tube mostly determines the maximum effective dielectric capacitance. The choice of the packed bed material determines the voltage threshold and the average discharge power. The investigations leads to a revision of the equivalent circuit for packed bed barrier discharge reactors, which also accounts the properties of different filling materials.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"308 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad27ec
Indhu Suresh, Priti Priti, R. Srivastava, R. Gangwar
Calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for singly charged Ga ions plays a crucial role in plasma modeling, facilitating the comprehension of plasma behavior, characteristics, and dynamics in diverse domains, such as astrophysics, fusion research, the semiconductor industry, etc. In the available literature, there is a notable scarcity of, or even a complete absence of, these cross sections. Hence, in the present work, electron impact excitation cross sections are calculated for the transitions from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4s2 and 4s4p to the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4s4p, 4s5s, 4p2 and 4s4d of the singly charged Ga ion (Ga+) using the relativistic distorted wave approximation theory with the target states represented by multi configurational Dirac Fock wavefunctions. The cross sections are calculated for projectile electron energy varying from threshold to 500 eV. Furthermore, the electron impact excitation rate coefficients for all the transitions under investigation are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 5 eV. In addition, analytic fitting of the rate coefficients is also performed, providing a practical resource for directly utilizing in plasma modeling applications.
计算单带电镓离子的电子碰撞激发截面在等离子体建模中起着至关重要的作用，有助于理解天体物理学、核聚变研究、半导体工业等不同领域的等离子体行为、特征和动力学。在现有的文献中，这些横截面明显很少，甚至完全没有。因此，在本研究中，我们利用相对论扭曲波近似理论计算了单电荷镓离子（Ga+）从4s2和4s4p构型的精细结构分辨能级到4s4p、4s5s、4p2和4s4d构型的精细结构分辨能级的电子碰撞激发截面，目标态由多构型狄拉克-福克波函数表示。计算了从阈值到 500 eV 的射弹电子能量的截面。此外，还计算了电子温度在 0.5 至 5 eV 之间时所有研究转变的电子撞击激发率系数。此外，还对速率系数进行了分析拟合，为直接用于等离子体建模应用提供了实用资源。
{"title":"Fine structure resolved excitation cross sections of singly ionized Ga for the modeling and diagnostics of Ga plasmas","authors":"Indhu Suresh, Priti Priti, R. Srivastava, R. Gangwar","doi":"10.1088/1361-6595/ad27ec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad27ec","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for singly charged Ga ions plays a crucial role in plasma modeling, facilitating the comprehension of plasma behavior, characteristics, and dynamics in diverse domains, such as astrophysics, fusion research, the semiconductor industry, etc. In the available literature, there is a notable scarcity of, or even a complete absence of, these cross sections. Hence, in the present work, electron impact excitation cross sections are calculated for the transitions from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4s2 and 4s4p to the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4s4p, 4s5s, 4p2 and 4s4d of the singly charged Ga ion (Ga+) using the relativistic distorted wave approximation theory with the target states represented by multi configurational Dirac Fock wavefunctions. The cross sections are calculated for projectile electron energy varying from threshold to 500 eV. Furthermore, the electron impact excitation rate coefficients for all the transitions under investigation are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 5 eV. In addition, analytic fitting of the rate coefficients is also performed, providing a practical resource for directly utilizing in plasma modeling applications.","PeriodicalId":508056,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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