Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-10-23-0138-sc
Matthew A. Tancos, Michael Robert Fulcher
Ramularia crupinae is a novel host-specific fungal pathogen of the invasive rangeland weed common crupina (Crupina vulgaris). The foliar and stem blighting pathogen was originally identified in France and has been approved by the United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service as the first biological control agent for the management of common crupina in the western United States. In this study, a chromosome-level genome assembly of R. crupinae 00-010 was performed using PacBio sequencing technology. The assembly had a total size of 37.9 Mb distributed across 14 (telomere to telomere) chromosomes, with a GC content of 47.6%. The genome encoded 10,159 protein-coding genes with 890 predicted secreted proteins that comprised both unique and conserved canonical pathogen effectors. Genome comparisons with closely related pathogen species in the family Mycosphaerellaceae demonstrated family-wide orthologous effector groups and Ramularia specific orthogroups. This new reference sequence is a valuable genomic tool that will assist in characterizing Ramularia-Crupina interactions and increase our understanding of Ramularia pathogenicity on both crops and weeds.
{"title":"Genomic features of the host-specific fungal biocontrol agent Ramularia crupinae approved for the management of the federally noxious weed Crupina vulgaris","authors":"Matthew A. Tancos, Michael Robert Fulcher","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-10-23-0138-sc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-10-23-0138-sc","url":null,"abstract":"Ramularia crupinae is a novel host-specific fungal pathogen of the invasive rangeland weed common crupina (Crupina vulgaris). The foliar and stem blighting pathogen was originally identified in France and has been approved by the United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service as the first biological control agent for the management of common crupina in the western United States. In this study, a chromosome-level genome assembly of R. crupinae 00-010 was performed using PacBio sequencing technology. The assembly had a total size of 37.9 Mb distributed across 14 (telomere to telomere) chromosomes, with a GC content of 47.6%. The genome encoded 10,159 protein-coding genes with 890 predicted secreted proteins that comprised both unique and conserved canonical pathogen effectors. Genome comparisons with closely related pathogen species in the family Mycosphaerellaceae demonstrated family-wide orthologous effector groups and Ramularia specific orthogroups. This new reference sequence is a valuable genomic tool that will assist in characterizing Ramularia-Crupina interactions and increase our understanding of Ramularia pathogenicity on both crops and weeds.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-09-23-0120-sc
Christopher Wallis, Jianchi Chen
Xylella fastidiosa ssp. fastidiosa (Xff) is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, a management-intensive and potentially deadly disease. However, different stains and other subspecies, such as Xylella fastidiosa ssp. multiplex (Xfm), exist in the same regions and vary in capacity to cause disease. All strains differ in the fatty acids that comprise cell membranes, as these would allow adaptations to specific host microenvironments. Therefore, studies were initiated to observe the fatty acid profiles of different Californian Xf isolates via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Observations revealed that the four Xff strains had similar FAME profiles that were distinct from those of the three Xfm strains, even in isolates that originated from the same host plant species. These data show consistent differences between Xff and Xfm strains, and demonstrate the potential that FAME profiling has for Xylella subspecies identification of novel isolates.
{"title":"Fatty acid methyl ester profiling of Californian Xylella fastidiosa strains","authors":"Christopher Wallis, Jianchi Chen","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-09-23-0120-sc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-09-23-0120-sc","url":null,"abstract":"Xylella fastidiosa ssp. fastidiosa (Xff) is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, a management-intensive and potentially deadly disease. However, different stains and other subspecies, such as Xylella fastidiosa ssp. multiplex (Xfm), exist in the same regions and vary in capacity to cause disease. All strains differ in the fatty acids that comprise cell membranes, as these would allow adaptations to specific host microenvironments. Therefore, studies were initiated to observe the fatty acid profiles of different Californian Xf isolates via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Observations revealed that the four Xff strains had similar FAME profiles that were distinct from those of the three Xfm strains, even in isolates that originated from the same host plant species. These data show consistent differences between Xff and Xfm strains, and demonstrate the potential that FAME profiling has for Xylella subspecies identification of novel isolates.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-11-23-0147-a
A. Biessy, Renée J. St-Onge, Mélanie J. Cadieux, M. Ciotola, M. Filion
Potato common scab is a deleterious bacterial disease caused by multiple Streptomyces species. In this paper, we report the high-quality genome sequence of the scab-causing strain Streptomyces scabiei LBUM848, which was isolated from a scab-infected potato tuber harvested in Bloomfield (New-Brunswick, Canada). LBUM848 has been used as a model strain for more than a decade in our laboratory to study the interaction between plant-beneficial phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. and scab-causing Streptomyces spp.
{"title":"Genome sequence resource of Streptomyces scabiei LBUM848, a model strain causing common scab of potato","authors":"A. Biessy, Renée J. St-Onge, Mélanie J. Cadieux, M. Ciotola, M. Filion","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-11-23-0147-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-11-23-0147-a","url":null,"abstract":"Potato common scab is a deleterious bacterial disease caused by multiple Streptomyces species. In this paper, we report the high-quality genome sequence of the scab-causing strain Streptomyces scabiei LBUM848, which was isolated from a scab-infected potato tuber harvested in Bloomfield (New-Brunswick, Canada). LBUM848 has been used as a model strain for more than a decade in our laboratory to study the interaction between plant-beneficial phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. and scab-causing Streptomyces spp.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"101 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0117-a
Jieming Pan, Xiaoshan Geng, Yulin Zhu, Qin Liu
Strain WZ-12, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of star anise trees, exhibits significant antifungal efficacy against a variety of fungi, including Colletotrichum horii, the pathogenic fungus responsible for anthracnose in star anise. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as a member of the Streptomyces genus. The genome of WZ-12 comprises a linear chromosome of 9,169,400 bp and a plasmid of 378,325 bp, possessing a G + C content of 71.12%. Of note, the genome encompasses 8,172 protein-coding genes, 21 rRNA genes, 74 tRNA genes, and 89 other non-coding RNA genes. The COG, Swiss-Prot, GO, KEGG, and NR databases annotated up to 79.17%, 50.50%, 13.17%, 37.51%, and 90.43% of potential genes, respectively. Remarkably, the genome hosts 175 antimicrobial resistance genes and 33 secondary metabolite gene clusters that likely contribute to the biosynthesis of diverse bioactive compounds such as antibiotics and agents with antitumor, antioxidant, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, or stress tolerance properties. These findings highlight the potential of WZ-12 as a promising source of novel bioactive molecules and suggest its significant value as a valuable resource for developing innovative antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Genomic Resource Insights into Strain WZ-12: An Antimicrobial-Producing Streptomyces Isolate from Star Anise Rhizosphere Soil","authors":"Jieming Pan, Xiaoshan Geng, Yulin Zhu, Qin Liu","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0117-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0117-a","url":null,"abstract":"Strain WZ-12, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of star anise trees, exhibits significant antifungal efficacy against a variety of fungi, including Colletotrichum horii, the pathogenic fungus responsible for anthracnose in star anise. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as a member of the Streptomyces genus. The genome of WZ-12 comprises a linear chromosome of 9,169,400 bp and a plasmid of 378,325 bp, possessing a G + C content of 71.12%. Of note, the genome encompasses 8,172 protein-coding genes, 21 rRNA genes, 74 tRNA genes, and 89 other non-coding RNA genes. The COG, Swiss-Prot, GO, KEGG, and NR databases annotated up to 79.17%, 50.50%, 13.17%, 37.51%, and 90.43% of potential genes, respectively. Remarkably, the genome hosts 175 antimicrobial resistance genes and 33 secondary metabolite gene clusters that likely contribute to the biosynthesis of diverse bioactive compounds such as antibiotics and agents with antitumor, antioxidant, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, or stress tolerance properties. These findings highlight the potential of WZ-12 as a promising source of novel bioactive molecules and suggest its significant value as a valuable resource for developing innovative antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0110-a
Hyeondae Han, Yoon Jeong Jang, Youngjae Oh, M. Marin, J. Huguet-Tapia, Natalia A. Peres, Seonghee Lee
Several Neopestalotiopsis spp. have been reported to affect strawberry worldwide. Here, we sequenced two isolates of Neopestalotiopsis 19-02 (high virulent) and 13-481 (moderate virulent) recovered from commercial strawberry fields in Florida and generated chromosome-scale assemblies using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms. Each genome assembly for 19-02 and 13-481 contained putative telomere sequences at the 5’ and 3’ ends. By analyzing the collinearity of the two newly assembled genomes and verifying the conserved telomere sequence at the end of each chromosome, we confirmed that the genome of Neopestalotiopsis spp. consists of seven basic chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis showed 98.5% of conserved core genes for both genome assemblies, 19-02 and 13-481. Phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (β-tub), and translation elongation factor (tef1) regions obtained from the assemblies 19-02 and 13-481 demonstrated that the highly virulent isolate 19-02 is phylogenetically distinct from moderate virulent N. rosae 13-481. Comparative genome analysis of the high-quality reference genome assemblies provided in this study will facilitate the identification of genomic regions responsible for the different virulence of Neopestalotiopsis pathogen to strawberry.
{"title":"Chromosome-Scale Genome Resource for Two Neopestalotiopsis spp. Isolates with Different Virulence in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)","authors":"Hyeondae Han, Yoon Jeong Jang, Youngjae Oh, M. Marin, J. Huguet-Tapia, Natalia A. Peres, Seonghee Lee","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0110-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0110-a","url":null,"abstract":"Several Neopestalotiopsis spp. have been reported to affect strawberry worldwide. Here, we sequenced two isolates of Neopestalotiopsis 19-02 (high virulent) and 13-481 (moderate virulent) recovered from commercial strawberry fields in Florida and generated chromosome-scale assemblies using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms. Each genome assembly for 19-02 and 13-481 contained putative telomere sequences at the 5’ and 3’ ends. By analyzing the collinearity of the two newly assembled genomes and verifying the conserved telomere sequence at the end of each chromosome, we confirmed that the genome of Neopestalotiopsis spp. consists of seven basic chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis showed 98.5% of conserved core genes for both genome assemblies, 19-02 and 13-481. Phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (β-tub), and translation elongation factor (tef1) regions obtained from the assemblies 19-02 and 13-481 demonstrated that the highly virulent isolate 19-02 is phylogenetically distinct from moderate virulent N. rosae 13-481. Comparative genome analysis of the high-quality reference genome assemblies provided in this study will facilitate the identification of genomic regions responsible for the different virulence of Neopestalotiopsis pathogen to strawberry.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"215 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0082-r
Sarah R. Lowder, Michelle M. Moyer, Monica L. Cooper, Jay Pscheidt, Walter F. Mahaffee
An individual grower’s response to pests and diseases in their vineyard can have consequences for an entire growing region. Collective action strategies can help align grower responses to achieve better regional disease control. Ways in which we identify, approach, and address manager opinions regarding cooperative management efforts influences the success of collective action strategies. A Q-method survey was conducted to investigate the adoption obstacles of wine grape growers to regionally collective actions for managing pests and diseases. Qualitative information from the western US (n = 17 participants) was used to generate 36 statements describing opinions on collective management action and general disease management. A second set of grape producers (n = 59) were asked to rank these statements relative to each other. Participants perceived that collective management action would be worth the extra associated time or costs. Four prominent archetypal perspectives arose from the Q-method analysis explaining 66% of the variance in expressed opinions. Archetypes were termed, “The Cooperators" (14 of 59), “The Quasi-Individualists” (9 of 59), “The Mid-Level Pragmatists” (8 of 59), and “The Bottom-Line Focused” (5 of 59). These groups were split across the demographic information collected; archetypes explained more variation between responses than demographic information. Overall, participants were likely to agree that cooperation was important, but they were more concerned about their individual vineyard economic and crop health concerns. Thus, suggesting that if outreach professionals want to increase the likelihood of grape grower participate in collective pest management actions, they should emphasize the individual benefits of participation.
{"title":"Perspectives towards collective action for pest and disease management in vineyards in the western US","authors":"Sarah R. Lowder, Michelle M. Moyer, Monica L. Cooper, Jay Pscheidt, Walter F. Mahaffee","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0082-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0082-r","url":null,"abstract":"An individual grower’s response to pests and diseases in their vineyard can have consequences for an entire growing region. Collective action strategies can help align grower responses to achieve better regional disease control. Ways in which we identify, approach, and address manager opinions regarding cooperative management efforts influences the success of collective action strategies. A Q-method survey was conducted to investigate the adoption obstacles of wine grape growers to regionally collective actions for managing pests and diseases. Qualitative information from the western US (n = 17 participants) was used to generate 36 statements describing opinions on collective management action and general disease management. A second set of grape producers (n = 59) were asked to rank these statements relative to each other. Participants perceived that collective management action would be worth the extra associated time or costs. Four prominent archetypal perspectives arose from the Q-method analysis explaining 66% of the variance in expressed opinions. Archetypes were termed, “The Cooperators\" (14 of 59), “The Quasi-Individualists” (9 of 59), “The Mid-Level Pragmatists” (8 of 59), and “The Bottom-Line Focused” (5 of 59). These groups were split across the demographic information collected; archetypes explained more variation between responses than demographic information. Overall, participants were likely to agree that cooperation was important, but they were more concerned about their individual vineyard economic and crop health concerns. Thus, suggesting that if outreach professionals want to increase the likelihood of grape grower participate in collective pest management actions, they should emphasize the individual benefits of participation.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0101-a
Huanhuan Li, Shukun Yu, Xiaofeng Tang, Yongsheng Liu, Ming Miao
Diaporthe spp. are a significant plant pathogen causing wood canker, blight, dieback, and fruit decay in numerous economically important plant hosts worldwide. D. nobilis has been identified as a highly pathogenic isolate responsible for causing kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) rot, representing one of the most significant threats to the kiwifruit industry. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide sequence of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 utilizing advanced Nanopore third-generation sequencing technology was present. The genome of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 was assembled into 26 contigs containing a combined size of 59.28 Mb and N50 length of 4.47 Mb. The virulence-related genes were analyzed, including 3,407 transmembrane proteins, 1,410 secreted proteins, 1,866 signal peptides, 135 effector proteins, 1,069 carbohydrate-active enzymes, 143 membrane transporter proteins, 4,995 pathogen-host interactions related proteins. The genome assembly and annotation facilitate the analysis of pathogen-host interaction, laying the foundation for in-depth research on the infection mechanism of pathogens.
{"title":"A Genome Sequence Resource of Diaporthe nobilis Causing Kiwifruit Rot","authors":"Huanhuan Li, Shukun Yu, Xiaofeng Tang, Yongsheng Liu, Ming Miao","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0101-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-08-23-0101-a","url":null,"abstract":"Diaporthe spp. are a significant plant pathogen causing wood canker, blight, dieback, and fruit decay in numerous economically important plant hosts worldwide. D. nobilis has been identified as a highly pathogenic isolate responsible for causing kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) rot, representing one of the most significant threats to the kiwifruit industry. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide sequence of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 utilizing advanced Nanopore third-generation sequencing technology was present. The genome of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 was assembled into 26 contigs containing a combined size of 59.28 Mb and N50 length of 4.47 Mb. The virulence-related genes were analyzed, including 3,407 transmembrane proteins, 1,410 secreted proteins, 1,866 signal peptides, 135 effector proteins, 1,069 carbohydrate-active enzymes, 143 membrane transporter proteins, 4,995 pathogen-host interactions related proteins. The genome assembly and annotation facilitate the analysis of pathogen-host interaction, laying the foundation for in-depth research on the infection mechanism of pathogens.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"C-20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0081-r
Sarah R. Lowder, Michelle M. Moyer, Monica L. Cooper, Jay Pscheidt, Walter F. Mahaffee
Knowledge about how producers subjectively assess and communicate about different information resources can help optimize Agricultural Extension efforts. In particular, how do growers use different information resources when making decisions on pest and disease management? Using pest and disease management in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a case study, three surveys were conducted among grape producers in the western US to qualitatively explore resource options (n=15), examine the relative importance of the 23 different information resources identified (n=63), and investigate the social networks where information is passed within and between regions (n=65). Five different informational archetypes emerged, demonstrating different preferences for information resource use which explained 66% of the variance in survey responses. Personal connections (e.g., discussion with professional network, with field foreman and supervisors, and with an Extension agent) were extremely important to the participants. In the communication network analysis, 65 participants were used to form a 324-actor network with 448 links which were then subdivided into intra-state networks. The networks show evidence of structures that facilitate information diffusion and cooperation between independent producers. Additionally, even with networks much smaller than the grape producer populations in these states, influential individuals could be identified. These individuals, when targeted by outreach professionals, could assist with information dissemination, and facilitate changes in opinion or behaviors in the region.
{"title":"Information transfer among grape producers in the western United States on pest and disease management","authors":"Sarah R. Lowder, Michelle M. Moyer, Monica L. Cooper, Jay Pscheidt, Walter F. Mahaffee","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0081-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-07-23-0081-r","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about how producers subjectively assess and communicate about different information resources can help optimize Agricultural Extension efforts. In particular, how do growers use different information resources when making decisions on pest and disease management? Using pest and disease management in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a case study, three surveys were conducted among grape producers in the western US to qualitatively explore resource options (n=15), examine the relative importance of the 23 different information resources identified (n=63), and investigate the social networks where information is passed within and between regions (n=65). Five different informational archetypes emerged, demonstrating different preferences for information resource use which explained 66% of the variance in survey responses. Personal connections (e.g., discussion with professional network, with field foreman and supervisors, and with an Extension agent) were extremely important to the participants. In the communication network analysis, 65 participants were used to form a 324-actor network with 448 links which were then subdivided into intra-state networks. The networks show evidence of structures that facilitate information diffusion and cooperation between independent producers. Additionally, even with networks much smaller than the grape producer populations in these states, influential individuals could be identified. These individuals, when targeted by outreach professionals, could assist with information dissemination, and facilitate changes in opinion or behaviors in the region.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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