Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/08927057231216736
Amir Hossein Maleki, Abbas Zolfaghari
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are manufactured by compounding conductive particles with a polymer matrix. There are many applications where they are used, including light-weight applications requiring both electrical and heat conductivity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been accepted as common materials to accomplish this goal. As part of this research, a material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) process was utilized to create nanocomposites by a 3D-printing technique. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were mixed in 1, 3 and 6 wt fractions with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and extruded in filament form. Three-dimensionally printed specimens were used to evaluate electrical, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and tensile properties. The electrical conductivity of the material was 26 times greater than that of ABS. In the X-band of electromagnetic waves, EMI SE's reflected and absorbed portions increased respectively 4 and 16 times. The tensile strength and modulus were enhanced by 15% and 9%, respectively. On composite specimens, microwave heat treatment was applied. There is less void space between the rasters and layers, which helps improve tensile properties. Additionally, 3D-printed specimens were tested for melt flow rate (MFR) and dynamic mechanical behaviour. The nozzle has experienced some wear due to the intrinsic abrasive nature of CNTs.
导电聚合物复合材料（CPC）是将导电颗粒与聚合物基体复合而成。导电聚合物复合材料的应用领域很多，包括需要同时具备导电性和导热性的轻质应用。碳纳米管（CNT）已被公认为实现这一目标的常用材料。作为这项研究的一部分，我们利用材料挤压增材制造（AM）工艺，通过三维打印技术制造纳米复合材料。多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）与丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）的重量分数分别为 1、3 和 6，并以长丝形式挤出。三维打印试样用于评估电气、电磁干扰屏蔽效果（EMI SE）和拉伸性能。该材料的导电率是 ABS 材料的 26 倍。在 X 波段的电磁波中，EMI SE 的反射部分和吸收部分分别增加了 4 倍和 16 倍。拉伸强度和模量分别提高了 15%和 9%。对复合材料试样进行了微波热处理。栅格和层之间的空隙减少，有助于提高拉伸性能。此外，还对 3D 打印试样进行了熔体流动速率（MFR）和动态机械性能测试。由于碳纳米管固有的研磨特性，喷嘴出现了一些磨损。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/08927057231217234
Adarsh Kumar Shah, Atul Jain
With the increasing popularity of fused deposition modelling (FDM), an improved understanding of the interdependence between process-structure-property (P-S-P) of FDM manufactured (FDMed) parts is imperative. This paper proposes models for linking the microstructure and degradation of properties during the FDM process with the mechanical properties. Through careful and elaborate finite element (FE) modeling, it is demonstrated that there is definite material degradation during the FDM process, which cannot be attributed only to extra voids generated during printing. A novel hybrid multiscale model is proposed to estimate the degradation parameter and utilize this information to predict the printed coupons' properties. Additionally, two methods for generating representative volume element (RVE) are demonstrated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and density data. For the experimental validation, polyamide (PA) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments and dogbone samples with multiple raster orientations were tested. The use of degradation parameter during modeling leads to very accurate results for both PLA and PA. Also, it presents insights into the limitations of the FDM process and possible improvements.
{"title":"Hybrid multi-scale modeling of fused deposition modelling printed thermoplastics: An introduction to material degradation parameter","authors":"Adarsh Kumar Shah, Atul Jain","doi":"10.1177/08927057231217234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231217234","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing popularity of fused deposition modelling (FDM), an improved understanding of the interdependence between process-structure-property (P-S-P) of FDM manufactured (FDMed) parts is imperative. This paper proposes models for linking the microstructure and degradation of properties during the FDM process with the mechanical properties. Through careful and elaborate finite element (FE) modeling, it is demonstrated that there is definite material degradation during the FDM process, which cannot be attributed only to extra voids generated during printing. A novel hybrid multiscale model is proposed to estimate the degradation parameter and utilize this information to predict the printed coupons' properties. Additionally, two methods for generating representative volume element (RVE) are demonstrated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and density data. For the experimental validation, polyamide (PA) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments and dogbone samples with multiple raster orientations were tested. The use of degradation parameter during modeling leads to very accurate results for both PLA and PA. Also, it presents insights into the limitations of the FDM process and possible improvements.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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