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Comparative Evaluation of Derived and Previously Published Models for Estimating Annual Runoff in the Mountainous Watersheds of Sulaimani Province 用于估算苏莱曼尼省山区流域年径流量的推导模型和以前公布的模型的比较评估
Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.443072.1495
Farhan Ahmad Abdulrahman, T. Karim
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Flexural Behavior of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams 预测 FRP 加固 RC 梁挠曲行为的机器学习模型
Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.435650.1472
Nasih Habeeb Askander
This study's objective is to overcome limitations in current design recommendations by exploring the application of machine learning to predict the flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthened reinforced concrete beams. Although FRP composites have completely changed structural strengthening, it might be challenging to predict bending moments with precision. This work fills the theoretical and experimental findings gaps by utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models in conjunction with computational techniques and statistical analysis. It includes gathering data, conducting a thorough literature review, and developing three models: Artificial neural network (ANN), Non-linear Regression (NLR), and Linear Regression (LR). Despite other models, the ANN model stands out for its superior performance and accurate predictions. Understanding material characteristics, FRP properties, and beam dimensions is critical in predicting flexural strength. The most significant parameter studied in this research is the overall depth of the beam (h), followed by the variation in bottom flexural reinforcement ( ρ s ). Additionally, the FRP ratio ( ρ f ) and beam width ( b ), which are both regarded as significant attributes, influence the flexural capacity of FRP-strengthened beams. The ultimate moment (M u ) may be predicted by the ANN model with an error range of -20% to +15%, indicating a significant advancement in strengthening approach optimization. This development could reduce the requirement for expensive experimental testing during construction, thereby enhancing the predictive capacity of structural engineering procedures. Furthermore, the design of flexurally strengthened RC beams with FRP may be made possible by depending on this model, specifically the ANN, without the need for experimental effort.
本研究的目的是通过探索应用机器学习来预测纤维增强聚合物(FRP)加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯行为,从而克服当前设计建议的局限性。尽管 FRP 复合材料已经彻底改变了结构加固,但要精确预测弯矩可能仍具有挑战性。本研究利用人工神经网络(ANN)模型,结合计算技术和统计分析,填补了理论和实验研究的空白。它包括收集数据、进行全面的文献综述以及开发三种模型:人工神经网络 (ANN)、非线性回归 (NLR) 和线性回归 (LR)。尽管有其他模型,但 ANN 模型因其卓越的性能和准确的预测而脱颖而出。了解材料特性、玻璃钢属性和梁尺寸对于预测抗弯强度至关重要。本研究中最重要的参数是梁的总深度(h),其次是底部抗弯加固的变化(ρ s)。此外,FRP 比率(ρ f)和梁宽(b)都被认为是影响 FRP 加固梁抗弯能力的重要属性。ANN 模型可以预测极限力矩(M u),误差范围在 -20% 到 +15% 之间,这表明在加固方法优化方面取得了重大进展。这一发展可以减少施工过程中昂贵的实验测试要求,从而提高结构工程程序的预测能力。此外,利用该模型(特别是 ANN)设计采用玻璃钢的抗弯加固 RC 梁也是可行的,而无需进行试验。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular identification, Prevalence, and Phylogeny of Burkholderia cepacia Complex (BCC) Species in the Respiratory Tract of Hospitalized Patients 住院患者呼吸道中复合伯克霍尔德菌 (BCC) 的分子鉴定、流行率和系统发育
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.420817.1408
Vance Franso Esho, H. E. Othman
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of at least 25 phenotypically similar but genetically distinct and closely related bacterial species, causing severe pulmonary inflammation with high mortality rates among hospitalized patients. There was a gap in knowledge regarding the prevalence and accurate species status of Bcc strains in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Therefore, the current study aimed to direct molecular identification and characterization of Bcc species in respiratory tract infections of hospitalized patients in Duhok province based on PCR amplification and sequencing of the Bcc recA gene. The investigation also targeted the detection of the epidemic marker BCESM ( esmR gene) and the transmissibility marker cblA gene. Results revealed that seven Bcc isolates were identified out of 309 sputum and oropharyngeal swabs. The overall prevalence rate of Bcc was 2.26%, with a higher percentage of isolation in sputum specimens (8.51%, 4/47) compared with oropharyngeal samples (1.14%, 3/262). The results of direct antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against Bcc isolates (100% sensitive); contrastingly, Cefixime showed no effect on the isolates. Based on the recA gene sequencing, six Bcc species have been identified, including B. cepacia , B. multivorans , B. cenocepacia , B. anthina , B. contaminans , and B. lata , whose sequence identities ranged from 99.71–100%. Each of B. anthina (OR662134), B. lata (OR662135), B. cenocepacia (OR662137), and B. contaminans (OR662140) were recorded as the first identified and reported Bcc species in Iraq. The transmissibility marker was found in three isolates of the identified Bcc complex species (42.85%, 3/7). Also, B. cepacia was found to be a transmissible epidemic strain ( cblA +/ esmR +). Identifying transmissible and epidemic strains of the Bcc complex in this region puts hospitalized patients at high risk of cross-infection, which may require active surveillance and further investigation.
伯克霍尔德氏菌复合菌(Bcc)是由至少 25 种表型相似但基因不同且关系密切的细菌组成的菌群,可引起严重的肺部炎症,在住院病人中造成很高的死亡率。关于伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区 Bcc 菌株的流行情况和准确的菌种状况,目前还缺乏相关知识。因此,本研究旨在通过对 Bcc recA 基因进行 PCR 扩增和测序,直接对杜胡克省住院患者呼吸道感染中的 Bcc 菌株进行分子鉴定和特征描述。调查还针对流行病标记 BCESM(esmR 基因)和传播性标记 cblA 基因进行了检测。结果显示,在309份痰拭子和口咽拭子中发现了7株Bcc分离株。Bcc的总体流行率为2.26%,与口咽样本(1.14%,3/262)相比,痰样本(8.51%,4/47)的分离率更高。直接抗生素药敏试验结果显示,亚胺培南是对 Bcc 分离物最有效的抗生素(100% 敏感);相反,头孢克肟对分离物没有作用。根据 recA 基因测序,确定了 6 个 Bcc 物种,包括 B. cepacia、B. multivorans、B. cenocepacia、B. anthina、B. contaminans 和 B. lata,其序列同一性在 99.71-100% 之间。B. anthina(OR662134)、B. lata(OR662135)、B. cenocepacia(OR662137)和 B. contaminans(OR662140)被记录为伊拉克首次鉴定和报告的 Bcc 物种。在已确定的 Bcc 复合菌种的三个分离物中发现了传播性标记(42.85%,3/7)。此外,还发现 B. cepacia 是一种可传播的流行菌株(cblA +/ esmR +)。在该地区发现可传播和流行的Bcc复合菌株,使住院病人面临交叉感染的高风险,这可能需要积极监测和进一步调查。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of temperature on the reaction of pristine and Au-doped SnO2 pyramid clusters with H2: A transition state theory study 温度对原始和掺金二氧化锡金字塔团簇与 H2 反应的影响:过渡态理论研究
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.421994.1412
M. A. Abdulsattar
H 2 gas reaction with pristine and Au-doped SnO 2 clusters is calculated and compared with the experiment. A new generalized version of the Evans–Polanyi principle is employed. As a function of temperature, the transition state is used to calculate the activation of Gibbs free energy, including its components enthalpy and entropy. H 2 autoignition at elevated temperatures is considered using logistic functions. Reaction rate, response, response time, and recovery time are calculated and compared with the experiment. Results show a strong temperature dependence of H 2 reactions, while O 2 recovery reactions depend on temperature through the change of activation energy only. Promising results that need more comparisons between experiment and theory are obtained to validate the new formalism
计算了 H 2 气体与原始和掺金 SnO 2 团簇的反应,并与实验进行了比较。计算采用了新的通用版埃文斯-波兰尼原理。作为温度的函数,过渡态被用来计算活化吉布斯自由能,包括焓和熵。利用对数函数考虑了 H 2 在高温下的自燃。计算了反应速率、反应、反应时间和恢复时间,并与实验进行了比较。结果表明,H 2 反应与温度密切相关,而 O 2 恢复反应仅通过活化能的变化与温度有关。实验和理论之间需要更多的比较,以验证新的形式主义。
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引用次数: 0
Personality Traits and Language Learning Strategies among EFL Students 英语语言学生的个性特征与语言学习策略
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.425624.1422
Karwan Kakamad, Khaleel Mawlod, Mohammed Mohammed
This research delves into the effect of the Big-Five -personality-traits-Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness on acquiring second/foreign languages among individuals from the Iraqi Kurdistan region, spanning linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, and sociology. The interdisciplinary study explores how personality traits intertwine with language learning. Analyzing 495 EFL learners in Kurdistan universities, the research deploys statistical methods to uncover correlations between personality traits and language-learning strategies. The results unveil nuanced associations; for instance, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism influence memory strategies, while Conscientiousness and Agreeableness relate to cognitive strategies. Compensation strategies connect with Conscientiousness and Openness, and metacognition strategies demonstrate ties to Extroversion and Openness. Affective strategies align with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism, and social strategies are linked to Extroversion and Openness. These results emphasize the intricate dynamics of how personality traits influence language learning strategies, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms governing this interplay.
本研究通过语言学、认知科学、心理学和社会学的研究,深入探讨了 "五大性格特征"--外向性、宜人性、自觉性、神经质和开放性--对伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区个人学习第二语言/外语的影响。这项跨学科研究探讨了人格特质如何与语言学习相互交织。研究分析了库尔德斯坦大学的 495 名 EFL 学习者,采用统计方法揭示了个性特征与语言学习策略之间的相关性。研究结果揭示了细微的关联,例如,"自觉性 "和 "神经质 "会影响记忆策略,而 "自觉性 "和 "宜人性 "则与认知策略有关。补偿策略与 "自觉性 "和 "开放性 "有关,元认知策略则与 "外向性 "和 "开放性 "有关。情感策略与 "自觉性 "和 "神经质 "相一致,而社交策略则与 "外向性 "和 "开放性 "相关。这些结果强调了人格特质如何影响语言学习策略的复杂动态,并强调有必要进一步研究这种相互作用的内在机制。
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引用次数: 0
THERMAL RADIATION EFFECTS ON MHD CASSON AND MAXWELL NANOFLUIDS OVER A POROUS STRETCHING SURFACE 多孔拉伸表面上的 MHD 卡松和麦克斯韦纳米流体的热辐射效应
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.416203.1389
Tagallamudi Srinivasa Rao, Matam Mohan Babu, Ramesh Reddy Bojja, Naga Santoshi P., Venkata Ramana Reddy Gurrampati
The main goal of the work is to investigate to the influence the magnetohydrodynamic slip flow through a nonlinear porous stretching surface's upper Maxwell Casson convected nanofluid boundary layer flow was considered. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the proper similarity transformations. The Shooting method was utilized to achieve the numerical solution of the updated equations utilizing the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg approach. A wide range of essential fluid characteristics were thoroughly examined, including the Schmidt number, magnetic parameter, temperature slip parameter, concentration slip parameter, velocity, and nonlinear stretching parameter. Using graphs and tables, the impacts on temperature, concentration, and velocity were examined and reported. The investigation included calculating and thoroughly debating the skin friction coefficient, local Sherwood numbers, and local Nusselt numbers.
这项工作的主要目标是研究通过非线性多孔拉伸表面的上麦克斯韦-卡森对流纳米流体边界层流动对磁流体滑移流动的影响。利用适当的相似变换将控制偏微分方程转换为非线性常微分方程。利用 Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 方法,采用射击法实现了更新方程的数值求解。对各种基本流体特性进行了深入研究,包括施密特数、磁参数、温度滑移参数、浓度滑移参数、速度和非线性拉伸参数。通过图表,研究并报告了对温度、浓度和速度的影响。调查包括计算和深入讨论表皮摩擦系数、局部舍伍德数和局部努塞尔特数。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in water from Dukan lake to main distributer stations in Sulaimani City, Iraq 对伊拉克苏莱曼尼市杜坎湖至主要分配站的水中多环芳烃的评估
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.419952.1406
Arman Salam Ababakr, R. Rasheed, Sherko Ali Muhammed
This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in Sulaimani City, Iraq. A longitudinal study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023 to analyze PAH concentrations in water samples collected across three seasons using a GC-MC6890 Agilent gas chromatograph. Samples were collected from Dukan Lake, the City's primary water source, to the last distribution stations within the city. The study focused on four prevalent PAHs: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and pyrene. Their concentrations were meticulously compared against established drinking water standards to assess potential health risks. Additionally, the influence of seasons on PAH levels and the impact of PAH concentration on the water's pH were investigated. The results revealed noteworthy seasonal variations in PAH concentrations, with higher levels observed during summer. Naphthalene concentrations were 20% higher in the summer compared to autumn/winter. Acenaphthylene and acenaphthene exhibited statistically significant differences in mean concentrations across the seasons (p-value < 0.0001), with naphthalene also showing significant differences between summer and autumn/winter. All PAH parameters exceeded standard limits in drinking water, posing potential risks to human health and aquatic organisms. Pyrene and other variables did not significantly affect pH (p-value = 0.9360). These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and treatment strategies to mitigate PAH contamination and ensure the safety of the City's drinking water supply. This study provides valuable baseline data for future efforts and management of drinking water resources in Sulaimani City.
本研究调查了伊拉克苏莱曼尼市的多环芳烃污染情况。从 2022 年 5 月到 2023 年 2 月进行了一项纵向研究,使用 GC-MC6890 Agilent 气相色谱仪分析了三个季节收集的水样中多环芳烃的浓度。样本从杜坎湖(该市的主要水源)到市内最后一个配水站收集。研究重点是四种常见的多环芳烃:萘、苊烯、苊和芘。这些物质的浓度与既定的饮用水标准进行了细致的比较,以评估潜在的健康风险。此外,还研究了季节对 PAH 含量的影响以及 PAH 浓度对水的 pH 值的影响。结果显示,多环芳烃浓度存在明显的季节性变化,夏季的浓度较高。与秋冬季相比,夏季的萘浓度高出 20%。苊和苊在不同季节的平均浓度有显著的统计学差异(p 值 < 0.0001),萘在夏季和秋冬季也有显著差异。所有 PAH 参数都超过了饮用水的标准限值,对人类健康和水生生物构成潜在风险。芘和其他变量对 pH 值的影响不大(p 值 = 0.9360)。这些发现强调了持续监测和处理策略的必要性,以减轻多环芳烃污染,确保城市饮用水供应的安全。这项研究为苏莱曼尼市今后的工作和饮用水资源管理提供了宝贵的基准数据。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear structural analysis technique based on flexibility method by Pade approximants 基于帕德近似值柔性法的非线性结构分析技术
Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.429055.1433
S. Abdulkarim, N. Saeed
This work proposes an improved numerical methodology based on the flexibility method to study the geometric nonlinearity of space cable structures. The proposed approach makes use of the Pade approximation to enhance the performance of computation. The transformation to the Pade arrangement is particularly successful in quickly speeding up convergence and obtaining the solution when working with complex structures that demonstrate geometrically nonlinear properties. In contrast to previous approaches, the suggested method directly solves the problem by formulating an algebraic system of nonlinear equations using the Pade approximation. To arrive at an analytical solution, some of the most well-established methods that make use of iterative techniques include dynamic relaxation, finite element analysis, and minimum total potential energy. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed technique's precision and reliability was conducted using six different numerical examples. The recommended method's accuracy, consistency, and computational efficiency are shown by carefully comparing the results with those of techniques that have been around for a long time. This work contributes to the advancement of numerical approaches for the analysis of complex structural behavior by providing a reliable and efficient alternative. Moreover, this work is beneficial for both academics and professionals working in the field.
本研究提出了一种基于柔性方法的改进数值方法,用于研究空间缆索结构的几何非线性。所提出的方法利用帕德近似来提高计算性能。在处理具有几何非线性特性的复杂结构时,向 Pade 排列的转换在快速加快收敛速度和获得解决方案方面尤为成功。与以往的方法不同,所建议的方法通过使用帕德近似法建立非线性方程的代数系统来直接解决问题。为了得出分析解,一些利用迭代技术的成熟方法包括动态松弛法、有限元分析法和最小总势能法。我们利用六个不同的数值实例对所建议技术的精度和可靠性进行了全面评估。通过将结果与历史悠久的技术进行仔细比较,证明了所推荐方法的精确性、一致性和计算效率。这项研究为复杂结构行为的数值分析提供了一种可靠、高效的替代方法,从而推动了数值方法的发展。此外,这项工作对从事该领域工作的学者和专业人员都有裨益。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing Wind Turbine Deployment: A Cost Analysis of Centralized Aggregation versus Decentralized Dispersion for Enhanced Financial Viability 优化风力涡轮机部署:集中聚合与分散分散的成本分析,提高财务可行性
Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2024.429915.1447
Arfan solai
This study provides a complete cost analysis of two different wind turbine deployment strategies: centralized aggregation in a single location and decentralized dispersion across three locations. The main goal is to analyze the internal rate of return (IRR), a fundamental financial indicator for determining the economic sustainability of each deployment strategy. This research also identifies the most financially advantageous investment opportunity among various competing strategies. The analysis includes a comprehensive computation of annual cash flow forecasts. Furthermore, the analysis involves a detailed calculation of annual cash flow projections, providing a robust foundation for a thorough examination of the financial implications associated with each deployment method. Beyond a mere numerical comparison, this study goes deeper to illuminate the disparities in costs, revenues, and overall economic feasibility that emerge between the centralized and decentralized deployment scenarios. The analysis results underscore the imperative of thoughtful deployment strategies in enhancing the overall profitability of renewable energy projects, recognizing that financial considerations must be carefully weighed alongside technical and environmental factors for a holistic decision-making process in the renewable energy sector.
本研究对两种不同的风力涡轮机部署策略进行了完整的成本分析:在单一地点的集中聚合和在三个地点的分散分散。主要目标是分析内部收益率 (IRR),这是确定每种部署策略经济可持续性的基本财务指标。这项研究还确定了各种竞争战略中最具财务优势的投资机会。分析包括年度现金流预测的综合计算。此外,分析还包括对年度现金流预测的详细计算,为深入研究每种部署方法的相关财务影响奠定了坚实的基础。除了单纯的数字比较,本研究还深入分析了集中式和分散式部署方案在成本、收入和整体经济可行性方面的差异。分析结果强调,在提高可再生能源项目的整体盈利能力时,必须采用深思熟虑的部署战略,同时认识到,在可再生能源领域的整体决策过程中,财务因素必须与技术和环境因素一起得到仔细权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Obfuscated Malware Memory Detection Employing Lazy Instance Based Learner Algorithm Based On Manhattan Distance Function 利用基于曼哈顿距离函数的懒惰实例学习算法进行混淆恶意软件内存检测
Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.24271/psr.2023.391018.1296
Hardi Sabah Talabani, H. Abdulhadi, Muhammed Ali
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引用次数: 0
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Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
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